Annex3 Design Report of 7schoolsword

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit Design of 7School Buildings in Kathmandu
Valley
ANNEX 3 /1: Sample Design Calculations for Shree Krishna Higher Secondary
School, Kharipati, Bhaktapur
Design Retrofitting Scheme (Wall jacketing with 4.75 mm steel bar
mesh on inner and outer faces of peripheral walls and Splint and
Bandages in inner sides of the building)
The seismic analysis of this masonry building is done using SAP 2000, Structural analysis
and design software.
A. Design Parameters
• Masonry type = Brick in cement
3
• Unit weight of brick = 19 kN/m
3
• Unit weight of Brick Wall = 19.6 kN/m
2
• Live load = 3 kN/m (Class Rooms and Other Rooms)
2
• Live load = 4 kN/m (Passage and Stairs)
2
• Live load = 1.5 kN/m (In accessible flat Roof)
• Grade of steel = Fe 415
• Grade of Concrete for Slab (Assumed) = M15
B. Calculation of base shear

i. Calculation Using IS 1893: 2002:
Seismic zone Zone V

Seismic Zone factor Z 0.36
Structure type Educational Building
Importance factor I 1.5
Retrofitted Unreinforced
Lateral load resisting system
masonry building
Response reduction factor R 2.250
Height of the building h 6.125 m
Dimension of the building Along X Dx 28.450 m
Dimension of the building Along Y Dy 7.725 m
Time period of the building along X, Tx= 0.09h/√Dx 0.103 sec
Time period of the building along Y Ty= 0.09h/√Dy 0.198 sec
Soil type Type II (Medium soil)
Average Response acceleration coefficients along X (Sa/g)x 2.500
Average Response acceleration coefficients along Y (Sa/g)y 2.5
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient along X Ahx=ZISa/(2Rg) 0.3000
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient along Y Ahy=ZISa/(2Rg) 0.3000
National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

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ii. Similar calculation using Nepal National Building Code NBC 105-1994:
Seismic zone Kathmandu valley
Seismic Zone factor Z 1
Protected masonry
building
Structural performance factor K 2.500
Basic seismic coefficient along X Cx 0.080
Basic seismic coefficient along Y Cy 0.080
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient along X Cdx = CZIK 0.3000
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient along Y Cdy = CZIK 0.3000
Hence the base shear coefficient is taken as 0.3

Base shear is obtained from SAP 2000 using user coefficient for auto lateral load of
earthquake.
TABLE: Auto Seismic - User Coefficient
LoadPat Dir PercentEcc C K WeightUsed BaseShear
Text Text Unitless Unitless Unitless KN KN
EQx X 0.05 0.3 1 4302.566 1290.77
EQy Y 0.05 0.3 1 4302.566 1290.77
C. Shear Test & Result:

Test 1:
Date: 6-Feb-12
Project: ADB/SESP/DOE
Building: Sri Krishna HSS
Test
Location: First floor south wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 210 mm
Breadth: 115 mm
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Height: 60 mm
e. Mortar Contact Area 55200
f. Mortar type: Cement
g. Mortar Thickness:
Upper Bed: 20 mm
Lower Bed: 30 mm
Height of wall
h. above test Brick: 2325 mm
i. Wall Thickness: 350 mm
j. Failure Mode: Shear Failure
k. Shear test:
Pressure (P), Force (F), Shear Stress,
2 2
S.N Dial Gauge Pressure Gauge N/mm N N/mm
10 bar= 1 =P*Jack = F/Contact
Reading Reading (Bar) N/mm2 Area Area
1 0 100 10 11335.4 0.205
2 0 140 14 15869.56 0.287
3 0 160 16 18136.64 0.329
4 10 220 22 24937.88 0.452
5 25 250 25 28338.5 0.513
6 45 270 27 30605.58 0.554
7 75 300 30 34006.2 0.616
8 140 330 33 37406.82 0.678
9 150 310 31 35139.74 0.637
2
l. Shear Strength for Sample 0.678 N/mm
m. overburden height 2.325 m
3
o. Unit wt of masonry 19.6 KN/m
2
p. Overburden pressure 0.046 N/mm
2
q. Corrected Shear strength 0.632 N/mm
as per FEMA

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D. Numerical Modeling and outputs:
i. SAP2000v 14 was used for the numerical modeling of the masonry structure up to
force elastic limit.
3D Model of the Building in SAP 2000
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID

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ii. Modeling features of Retrofitted Building:

• Shell element was used for modeling of existing masonry wall and slab of the building.
• Linear and elastic finite element Model was run for the Lateral load corresponding to the
basic seismic coefficient of 0.3.
• The response reduction factor was assumed to be 2.25 indicating there must be reserved
potential in structure to deform up to 2.25 times the maximum elastic deformation
without collapse.
• Load Considered for the analysis:
o DL
o LL
o EQ
• Load Combination: For Working Stress method As per NBC 105
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy
E. Retrofitting Options
1. Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 mm c/c) full jacketing:
a) Allowable Tensile capacity of Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 mm c/c):

2
Wire mesh Grade = fy = 415 N/mm
Diameter of the bar = φ = 4.75 mm
Spacing of bars = s = 150
Nos. of horizontal bars per m strip = n = 7.7 Nos.
Use = n = 7 Nos.
2
Area of each steel = a = 17.72 mm
2
Total area of steel = A = 124.04 mm
2
Yield strength of bar = fy = 415 N/mm
From IS 456, table 22,
2
Allowable strength of bar in tension = fta = 230 N/mm
Increasing permissible stress by 25% for earthquake load,
Total allowable tensile force per m
strip = T= 1.25 fta A = 35.663 KN
Allowable strength of bar in
2
compression = fca = 190 N/mm
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Total allowable comp. force per m strip = C= 1.25 fca A = 29.460 KN
b) Allowable tensile stress of 9” wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing:

Allowable Tensile Strength per m strip = T = 35.663 KN
For 225 mm wall, Wall area per m strip = A = 225000 mm2
2
Allowable tensile stress in 225 mm wall = ft = T/A = 0.159 N/mm
c) Capacity of 9” wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing for out of plane
bending per m/strip:
Allowable compressive stress in
2
masonry = fw = 0.3 N/mm
Thickness of wall = t = 225 mm
Cover on both side = c = 50 mm
Overall depth = D = 325 mm
Effective depth = d = 300 mm
Applying condition for equilibrium;
Neutral axis lies in mid of wall section,
Lever arm = z=D-c = 275.0 mm
Moment of resistance per m strip = M= T z = 9.807 KN-m
Jacketing Option Wall Tensile Comp. Allowable Allowable Moment of

Thk. Strength Strength Tensile Comp. Resistance
of jacketing of jacketing stress stress of wall
of wall with of wall with with
jacketing jacketing jacketing
2 2
KN/ KN/ N/mm / N/mm /
mm m strip/face m strip/face per face per face KN-m/m
Option 1:
Retrofitting of wall 225 35.663 29.460 0.159 0.131 9.807
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 150 350 35.663 29.460 0.102 0.084 14.265
mm c/c)
Option 2:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 300 350 20.379 16.835 0.058 0.048 8.151
mm c/c)

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2. Retrofitting of wall with bandages 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide band :
a) Allowable Tensile capacity :
Steel Grade = fy = 415 N/mm2
Diameter of the bar1 = φ1 = 8 mm
Nos. of bar1 = n1 = 2 Nos.
Diameter of the bar2 = φ2 = 4.75 mm
Total area of steel = Ast = 118.25 mm2
Yield strength of bar = fy = 415 N/mm2
Allowable strength of bar in tension = fta = 230 N/mm2
Total allowable tensile force = T= 1.25 fta A = 33.997 KN
2
Allowable strength of bar in compression = fca = 190 N/mm
Total allowable comp. force = C= 1.25 fca A = 28.085 KN
b) Capacity of 9” wall with 300mm wide Tor Steel bands for out of plane bending:
2
Allowable compressive stress in masonry = fw = 0.3 N/mm
Moment of resistance = M= T z = 9.349 KN-m
Splint and bandage Wall Tensile Strength Comp. Strength Moment of

Options thk. of band of band Resistance
of wall with bandages
mm KN KN KNm
Retrofitting with 2-
225 33.997 28.085 9.349
8 and 1-4.75 mm
dia. in 300mm wide
350 33.997 28.085 13.599
band

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F. Design for horizontal bending moment (Out of plane bending):

i. Modeling Output for Existing Building:
Walls Moments M11 in kNm/m (average)

0.7 DL+ EQy DL+ LL+ EQy 0.7 DL- EQy DL+ LL- EQy Max.
X1 1F 4.300 4.400 4.200 4.100 4.400
GF 1.000 1.250 1.325 1.650 1.650
X2 1F 3.700 3.500 3.950 4.150 4.150
GF 1.900 1.950 1.550 1.100 1.950

0.7 DL+ EQx DL+ LL+ EQx 0.7 DL- EQx DL+ LL- EQx Max.
Y1 1F 2.850 3.250 2.300 3.250 3.250
GF 1.550 1.900 2.225 3.150 3.150
Y2 1 2.400 2.200 2.250 2.250 2.400
2 1.050 0.850 0.600 0.900 1.050
3 0.500 0.400 0.650 0.700 0.700
4 0.950 0.975 0.800 0.750 0.975
Y6 1F 3.150 3.300 3.250 3.500 3.500
GF 4.900 5.000 4.400 4.500 5.000
ii. Retrofit design of walls :

Providing full jacketing of Tor steel on outer and inner faces of all peripheral walls and
horizontal bandages at sill and lintel levels on inner and outer faces of all internal walls.
Sample design of Wall X1:
First floor:
Total bending moment in region 1 = 4.400 kNm/m
Wall thickness 225 mm
Ground floor:
Total bending moment in region 1 = 1.650 kNm/m
Wall thickness 350 mm
For outer and inner faces, Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 300
mm c/c) jacketing with moment capacities 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. wall and 8.151
kNm/m in 350mm thk. wall

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Design output of all walls:
Retrofitting options
Thk. Width M11
Wall Outer face Inner face
mm m kNm/m kNm
X1 1F 225 4.400 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75
GF 350 1.650 mm @ 300 mm c/c) jacketing with moment capacities
5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. wall and 8.151 kNm/m in
350mm thk. wall
X2 1F 225 4.150 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75
350mm thk. wall
Y1 1F 225 3.250 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75
350mm thk. wall
Y2 1 225 0.925 2.400 2.220

Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 0.925 1.050 0.971
horizontal band with moment capacities 9.35 kNm in
3 350 0.975 0.700 0.683 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. wall
4 350 0.975 0.975 0.951
Y6 1F 225 3.500 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75
350mm thk. wall
In walls Y3, Y4 and Y5, use same retrofitting options as for Y2.
Also provide horizontal bands at floor levels.

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G. Design for vertical bending moment (Out of plane bending):


X1 1F 5.300 6.250 3.300 2.550 7.700
GF 7.050 7.700 6.000 5.300 7.050
X2 1F 4.450 4.100 5.150 5.500 5.500
GF 6.050 5.200 8.400 7.950 8.400
Walls Moments M22 in kNm/m (average) M22

Width
kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m m kNm
Y1 1F 4.250 5.650 5.950 7.550 7.550
GF 4.400 3.350 6.300 7.300 7.300
Y2 1-1F 1.000 1.100 1.000 0.950 1.100 1.275 1.403
1-GF 1.450 1.200 1.000 1.000 1.450 1.275 1.849
2-1F 2.150 1.950 1.800 1.700 2.150 2.550 5.483
2-GF 1.100 1.200 1.000 1.000 1.200 2.550 3.060
3-1F 1.350 1.350 1.200 1.150 1.350 1.275 1.721
3-GF 1.050 1.200 1.000 1.000 1.200 1.275 1.530
Y6 1F 2.400 3.000 1.150 3.000 3.000
GF 6.100 7.150 4.650 4.000 7.150

Providing full jacketing of Tor steel on outer and inner faces of all peripheral walls and
vertical bandages around the openings, at cross walls and mid span of long walls on inner and
outer faces of all internal walls.
First floor:
Max. bending moment per m = 7.700 kNm/m
Wall thickness = 225 mm
Ground floor:
Max. bending moment per m = 7.050 kNm/m
Wall thickness = 350 mm
For outer and inner faces, Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150
mm c/c) jacketing with moment capacities 9.807 kNm/m in 225mm thk. wall and 14.262
kNm/m in 350mm thk. wall.

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Thk. M22 (max.)
mm kNm/m kNm
X1 225 7.700 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @
350 7.050 150 mm c/c) jacketing with moment capacities 9.807 kNm/m
in 225mm thk. wall and 14.265kNm/m in 350mm thk. wall
X2 225 5.500 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @
Y1 225 7.550 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @
Y2 225 5.483 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical band
350 3.060 with moment capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and
13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall
Y6 225 3.000 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @
In walls Y3 , Y4 and Y5, use same retrofitting options as for Y2.
H. Design for tensile and compressive stress in wall (In plane

bending):
Wall Stress Vertical Stress S22 (average)

0.7DL+EQx 0.7DL-EQx DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx Max.
Stress Stress Stress Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm
X1-1F Tension 0.185 0.215 0.180 0.305 0.305
Comp. 0.235 0.255 0.275 0.300 0.300
X1-GF Tension 0.115 0.130 0.070 0.125 0.130
Comp. 0.280 0.270 0.375 0.355 0.375
Tension 0.195 0.160 0.210 0.175 0.210
X2-1F
Comp. 0.250 0.255 0.305 0.330 0.330
Tension 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.215 0.215
X2-GF
Comp. 0.255 0.265 0.365 0.375 0.375

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Wall VerticalStress S22 (average)

0.7DL+EQy 0.7DL-EQy DL+LL+EQy DL+LL-EQy Max. Zone
Stress Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress
2 2 2 2 2
N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm mm
Y1 Tension 0.150 0.115 0.122 0.105 0.150
Comp. 0.260 0.260 0.315 0.340 0.340
Y2 Tension 0.055 584 0.055 389 0.000 0.022 195 0.055 584
Comp. 0.225 2550 0.290 2550 0.325 2550 0.415 2550 0.415 2550
Y6 Tension 0.140 0.080 0.100 0.070 0.140
Comp. 0.245 0.305 0.300 0.375 0.375

Provided retrofitting options:
• Walls X1, X2, Y1 and Y6:
Outer and inner faces:
Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 mm c/c) jacketing with
2 2
allowable tensile stress 0.159 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall and 0.102 N/mm in 350mm thk.
2 2
Wall and allowable compressive stress 0.131 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall and 0.084 N/mm in
350mm
• Walls Y2,Y3, Y4 and Y5:

2-8 and 2-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical band with tensile strength 33.997 KN and
compressive strength of 28.085KN on both faces.
Check for Wall X1:

First floor:
Tensile stress = ft = 0.305 N/mm 2
Wall Thickness = t = 225 mm
Allowable stress of two face jacketing = fta = 0.318 N/mm 2
Jacketing is sufficient, Hence OK
Compressive stress = fc = 0.300 N/mm 2

2
Allowable compressive stress in masonry = 0.3 N/mm
Hence OK
Ground floor:
2
Tensile stress = ft = 0.130 N/mm
2
Allowable stress of two face jacketing = fta = 0.204 N/mm

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Check for Wall X2:
First floor:
2
Allowable stress of two face jacketing = fta = 0.318 N/mm2
2
Compressive stress = fc = 0.330 N/mm
2
2
Additional stress = f' = 0.030 N/mm
2
Ground floor:
2
2
2
2
2
Check for Wall Y1:

2
2
2
2
2
Check for Wall Y2:

Width of tension zone = b = 584 mm
Tensile force = F=f' b t = 11.242 kN
Tensile strength of two bands = 67.994 kN
Hence OK
2
2
2
Additional stress = 0.115 N/mm
Width of comp. zone = b = 2550 mm
Com. force = F=f' b t = 102.638 kN
Comp. strength of four bands = 196.976 kN
Hence OK
In walls Y3, Y4 and Y5, use same retrofitting as in wall Y2.

Check for Wall Y6:
2
Jacketing is sufficient, hence OK
2
2
2
2
iii. Design for Principal stress Smax:

Wall Principal Stress SMAX (average)
0.7DL+EQx 0.7DL-EQx DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx Max. Zone
Stress Stress
Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone
2 2
N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm2 mm N/mm2 mm N/mm
2
mm
X1-1F Tension 0.315 0.243 0.250 0.225 0.315 0
X1-GF Tension 0.195 0.200 0.160 0.170 0.200 0
X2-1F Tension 0.200 0.200 0.215 0.200 0.215 0
X2-GF Tension 0.225 0.225 0.210 0.235 0.235 0
Capacity of jacketing in diagonal direction:
350mm wall:
2
Allowable stress of jacketing(horizontal) = fta,h = 0.058 N/mm
2
Allowable stress of jacketing(vertical) = fta,v = 0.102 N/mm
2
Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.117 N/mm
225mm wall:
2
Allowable stress of jacketing(vertical) = fta,v = 0.159 2
N/mm
2
Capacity of bandages in diagonal direction:
Tensile strength (horizontal) = fta,h = 33.997 kN

Tensile strength(vertical) = fta,v = 33.997 kN
Tensile strength(diagonal) = fta,d = 48.079 kN
Check for Wall X1:

First floor:
Max. principal stress = ft = 0.315 N/mm 2
Thickness of wall t = 225 mm
Allowable stress of two face jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.366 N/mm 2
Ground floor:
Check for Wall X2:

First floor:
Ground floor:
I. Design for shear stress in wall
Wall X1, Ground storey
TABLE: Joint Reactions

Joint OutputCase CaseType F1
Text Text Text KN
1 EQx LinStatic -3.77
8217 EQx LinStatic 0.209
-552.398
iii. Retrofit design of walls :
Check for Wall X1:

Shear stress induced in wall:
Shear force in wall = Fv = 552.398 kN
Length of wall = L = 28.450 m
Length of openings = lo = 16.325 m
2
Area of wall = A = 4.244 m
2
Average shear stress in wall = fvi= Fv * A = 0.130 N/mm
Shear strength of the masonry wall as per in place shear test result:
2
Shear strength value from shear test = 0.632 N/mm
Allowable shear strength value
2
(taking 42% of test value) = fvt = 0.265 N/mm
Shear strength of wall = F1= fvt A = 1126.461 kN
Dowel action of bar in vertical band :

{Ref, Miha Tomazevic, Earthquake resistant design of masonry
Nos of vertical band resisting shear = N = 0 nos.
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 0 kN
Shear resistance due to direct tension in the horizontal bar:
Nos of horizontal band = N = 0 nos.

Horizontal shear resistance = F3 = N Ft = 0 kN
Shear resistance due to horizontal bars in one face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia mesh with
spacing of 300mm c/c:
Shear resistance due to two face
jacketing = Fvj = 40.757 kN/mstrip/face
Height of wall = h = 3.200 m
Shear strength of bars in jacketing = F4 = Fvj h = 130.423 kN
Dowel action due to vertical bars in one face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia mesh with spacing
of 150mm c/c:
Dia of vertical bar = d = 4.75
Nos of vertical bars = n = 164 nos.
Allowable compressive Strength of the mortar
2
(embedding mortar or grout of band) = fc = 4 N/mm
2
Yield strength of steel = fy = 415 N/mm
2
Allowable stress in steel = fs = 230 N/mm
Horizontal shear force resisting capacity:
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 113.076 kN
Check for total shear capacity of wall:
Total shear resistance = Ft = F1+ F2+ F3+ F4+F5 = 1369.960 kN

2
Shear strength = fvr =F/A = 0.323 N/mm
Shear resisting capacity > induced shear , Hence safe in shear
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit Design of 7School Buildings in Kathmandu Valley
Walls Shear force in Remark

Length Thk. Openings Area wall Shear stress in wall
L t lo A Fv fvi F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Ft fvr
2 2
m mm m m
2 kN N/mm kN kN kN kN kN kN N/mm
X1 28.450 350 16.325 4.244 552.398 0.130 1126.461 130.423 112.936 1369.820 0.323 Hence OK
X2 28.450 350 13.200 5.338 683.381 0.128 1416.786 130.423 141.858 1689.067 0.316 Hence OK
Y1 5.450 350 0.000 1.908 212.425 0.111 506.327 130.423 50.959 687.709 0.361 Hence OK
Y2 5.450 225 0.000 1.226 200.579 0.164 325.496 27.606 203.984 557.086 0.454 Hence OK
Y3 5.450 225 0.000 1.226 216.781 0.177 325.496 27.606 203.984 557.086 0.454 Hence OK
Y4 5.450 225 0.000 1.226 204.682 0.167 325.496 27.606 203.984 557.086 0.454 Hence OK
Y5 5.450 225 0.000 1.226 163.298 0.133 325.496 27.606 203.984 557.086 0.454 Hence OK
Y6 5.450 350 0.000 1.908 143.573 0.075 506.327 130.423 50.959 687.709 0.361 Hence OK
N
a A
n
Check for the diaphragm action due to connectivity in slab and wall:
The shear stress of wall and slab interface
2
(assumed shear strength value) = fvt = 0.265 N/mm
2
Shear strength of the wall after retrofitting = fv = 0.323 N/mm
As earthquake force can be higher than the design level earthquake, the interface must be
stronger than the wall for full load transfer from diaphragm to wall.
2
Remaining shear stress = fvi = fv - fvt = 0.057 N/mm
The bars going through the slab from vertical splint should have capacity to resist this shear
2
Shear strength of bar = fvs = 0.4 fy = 166 N/mm
No.of vertical bands = 0
No of bars 8mm dia. from inside = 0 nos.
Dia. of bars = d1 = 0 mm
Total no. of 8mm dia. Bar from inside = n1 = 0 nos.
Providing 8mm dia. bars of length 600mm @450mm c/c at the wall and slab interface at
outer and inner face,
No of bars 8mm dia. from inside and outside = n2 = 128 nos.
Dia. of bars = d2 = 8 nos.
2
Area of steel = Ast = 6433.98 mm
Resisting shear force = Fvr= 1.25 fvs Ast = kN
1335.051
length of wall = L = m
28.450
Thickness of wall = t = mm
350
2
Area of wall = A = mm
9.9575
2
Shear resisting capacity = fvr= Fvr / A = N/mm
0.134

Wall fvt fv fvi fvs Ast Fvr L t fvr Remark
2 2 2 2 2 2
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm mm kN m mm N/mm
X1 0.265 0.323 0.057 166 6433.98 1335.051 28.450 350 0.134 Hence OK
X2 0.265 0.316 0.051 166 6433.98 1335.051 28.450 350 0.134 Hence OK
Y1 0.265 0.361 0.095 166 1306.90 271.182 5.450 350 0.142 Hence OK
Y2 0.265 0.454 0.189 166 1206.37 250.322 5.450 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y3 0.265 0.454 0.189 166 1206.37 250.322 5.450 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y4 0.265 0.454 0.189 166 1206.37 250.322 5.450 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y5 0.265 0.454 0.189 166 1206.37 250.322 5.450 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y6 0.265 0.361 0.095 166 1306.90 271.182 5.450 350 0.142 Hence OK
In walls Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5, 4.75mm bars are replaced by 8 mm bars and additional 8mm
bar is added in each splint.

Annex3/1/2
J. Conclusion and recommendations for retrofitting of walls
Wall X1, Design summary
• Jacketing: 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm vertical 300mm horizontal for
inner and outer face jacketing.
• Wall-slab connection: Provide 8mm dia. bars of length 900mm @450mm c/c at the wall
and slab interface at outer face of walls.
inner and outer face jacketing

Annex3/1/2
Wall Y1 and Y6, Design summary
inner and outer face jacketing
Wall Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 Design summary
• Vertical bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical strips in both inner
and outer faces.
• Horizontal bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300 mm lintel and sill bands in both inner
and outer faces and at floor levels.
• Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab ; replace 4.75
mm dia. bars of splint with 8mm dia bars of length 900mm; and add 8mm dia. bar of
length 900mm in each splint at the wall-slab interface.

Annex3/1/2
ANNEX 3 /2: Sample Design Calculations for Shree Mahendra Gram Secondary
School, Sudal, Bhaktapur
mesh on outer faces of peripheral walls and Splint and Bandages in
inner sides of the building)
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V

masonry building
Height of the building H 4.750 m

Annex 3/2/1
Protected masonry
building

earthquake.
EQx X 0.05 0.3 1 2782.03 834.609
EQy Y 0.05 0.3 1 2782.03 834.609

Test 1:
Date: 15-Feb-12
Building: Mahendra Gram Secondary School
Test
Location: Ground floor west wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 60 mm
Annex 3/2/2
Upper Bed: 15 mm
Lower Bed: 12 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure Pressure (P), Force (F), Shear Stress,
2 2
S.N Gauge Gauge N/mm N N/mm
Reading 10 bar= 1 =P*Jack = F/Contact
Reading (Bar) N/mm2 Area Area
1 3 40 4 4534.16 0.079
1 12 50 5 5667.7 0.099
1 20 60 6 6801.24 0.119
2 33 70 7 7934.78 0.139
3 48 80 8 9068.32 0.159
4 70 80 8 9068.32 0.159
5 80 90 9 10201.86 0.178
6 110 90 9 10201.86 0.178
Shear Strength for

2
l. Sample 0.178 N/mm
3
2
2
as per FEMA
Test 2:
Date: 6-Feb-12
Building: Mahendragram Secondary School
Test
Location: First floor west wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 220 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Annex 3/2/3
Height: 45 mm
Upper Bed: 8 mm
Lower Bed: 7 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure Pressure (P), Force (F), Shear Stress,
2 2
S.N Gauge Gauge N/mm N N/mm
Reading 10 bar= 1 =P*Jack = F/Contact
2
Reading (Bar) N/mm Area Area
1 0 80 8 9068.32 0.170
2 0 100 10 11335.4 0.212
3 2 125 12.5 14169.25 0.266
4 10 140 14 15869.56 0.297
5 25 150 15 17003.1 0.319
6 32 160 16 18136.64 0.340
7 45 170 17 19270.18 0.361
8 65 180 18 20403.72 0.382
9 120 190 19 21537.26 0.404
Shear Strength for

2
l. Sample 0.404 N/mm
3
2
2
as per FEMA

Annex 3/2/4
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID

Annex 3/2/5
without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

2
Use = n = 7 Nos.
2
2
2
2
strip = T= 1.25 fta A = 35.663 KN
2
Annex 3/2/6
2
2

2 2
Option 1:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 150 350 35.663 29.460 0.102 0.084 14.265
mm c/c)
Option 2:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 300 350 20.379 16.835 0.058 0.048 8.151
mm c/c)

Annex 3/2/7
2
2

mm KN KN KNm
225 33.997 28.085 9.349
8 and 1-4.75 mm
dia. in 300mm wide
350 33.997 28.085 13.599
band

Annex 3/2/8
X1 1 0.995 1.250 0.375 0.397 1.250
2 0.435 0.405 0.400 0.225 0.435
3 0.835 1.785 1.470 1.550 1.785
4 0.760 0.525 1.405 1.275 1.405
X2 1 0.655 0.765 0.395 0.850 0.850
2 0.51 0.565 0.550 0.730 0.730
3 0.795 1.905 0.580 1.750 1.905
4 1.170 1.295 1.060 1.035 1.295

Y1 1 0.078 0.225 0.490 0.570 0.570
2 0.323 0.540 0.230 0.250 0.540
3 0.416 1.000 0.240 0.640 1.000
4 0.388 0.595 0.420 0.490 0.595
Y2 1 0.515 0.525 0.490 0.475 0.525
2 0.250 0.255 0.240 0.235 0.255
3 0.635 0.750 0.635 0.690 0.750
4 0.220 0.300 0.175 0.175 0.300
Y5 1 0.200 0.490 0.255 0.495 0.495
2 0.420 0.350 0.290 0.490 0.490
3 0.345 0.900 0.320 0.900 0.900
4 0.700 0.970 0.245 0.335 0.970

Providing full jacketing of Tor steel on outer faces of peripheral walls and horizontal
bandages at sill and lintel levels on inner face of peripheral walls and both inner and outer
faces of internal walls.

Annex 3/2/9
Total bending moment in region 1 = m = 1.250 kNm/m
Width of wall = 225 mm
Width of region 1 = w = 0.825 m
Total bending moment in region 1 = M= m w = 1.031 kNm

Width of region 2 = w = 1 m


For outer face, Use Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 300 mm c/c)
jacketing with moment capacities 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. wall and 8.151 kNm/m in
350mm thk. wall
For inner face, Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide horizontal band with moment
capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall

Thk. Width M11 Retrofitting options
Wall
mm m kNm/m kNm Outer face Inner face
X1 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
1 225 0.825 1.250 1.031 wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 1.000 0.435 0.435 @ 300 mm c/c) jacketing horizontal band with
with moment capacities moment capacities 9.35
3 350 0.825 1.785 1.473 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. kNm in 225mm thk.
wall and 8.151 kNm/m in wall and 13.6 kNm in
4 350 0.925 1.405 1.300 350mm thk. wall 350mm thk. wall
@ 300 mm c/c) jacketing horizontal band with
2 225 1.000 0.730 0.730
Y1 1 225 0.825 0.570 0.470 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm mm dia. in 300mm wide

Annex
Y2 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
1 225 0.825 0.525 0.433 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 1.000 0.255 0.255 dia. in 300mm wide horizontal band with
horizontal band with moment moment capacities 9.35
3 350 0.825 0.750 0.619 capacities 9.35 kNm in kNm in 225mm thk.
225mm thk. wall and 13.6 wall and 13.6 kNm in
4 350 0.925 0.300 0.278 kNm in 350mm thk. wall 350mm thk. wall
Y5 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
2 225 1.000 0.490 0.490 with moment capacities moment capacities 9.35
5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. kNm in 225mm thk.
3 350 0.825 0.900 0.743
In walls Y3 and Y4, use same retrofitting options as for Y2.

Walls Moments M22 (average) M22
Width
X1 1 4.520 3.900 5.950 6.590 6.590 0.745 4.910
2 1.750 1.600 2.200 2.350 2.350 1.580 3.713
3 1.715 1.550 2.200 2.335 2.335 1.625 3.794
4 2.685 2.585 3.220 3.320 3.320 1.950 6.474
5 7.835 6.500 10.500 11.850 11.850 0.225
6 2.850 2.945 3.150 3.050 3.150 1.800 5.670
7 2.120 2.020 2.510 2.605 2.605 1.600 4.168
8 3.070 2.765 3.760 4.070 4.070 1.474 5.999
9 7.025 6.030 8.890 9.890 9.890 0.638 6.310
10 3.040 3.000 3.760 3.900 3.900 2.062 8.042
11 2.250 2.110 2.645 2.800 2.800 1.525 4.270
12 3.200 2.870 3.890 4.250 4.250 1.394 5.925
13 7.500 6.410 9.535 10.650 10.650 0.664 7.072
14 3.155 3.185 3.625 3.800 3.800 2.306 8.763
15 2.970 2.790 3.450 3.600 3.600 2.188 7.877
16 4.090 3.370 5.725 6.450 6.450 1.094 7.056
X2 1 5.500 5.950 4.550 4.100 5.950 1.337 7.955
2 2.950 4.000 1.700 3.650 4.000 1.687 6.748
3 3.300 4.350 1.850 3.200 4.350 1.669 7.260
4 5.800 6.400 4.750 4.250 6.400 1.319 8.442
5 5.850 6.400 4.750 4.250 6.400 1.231 7.878
6 3.550 4.550 2.400 2.850 4.550 1.581 7.194
7 3.700 4.700 2.600 2.800 4.700 1.581 7.431
Annex
8 6.450 6.950 5.450 5.000 6.950 1.231 8.555
9 6.450 6.950 5.450 5.000 6.950 1.231 8.555
10 3.750 4.700 2.700 2.800 4.700 1.581 7.431
11 3.750 4.750 2.700 2.800 4.750 1.581 7.510
12 6.500 7.000 5.500 5.100 7.000 1.231 8.617
13 6.500 7.000 5.500 5.100 7.000 1.181 8.267
14 3.750 4.700 2.600 2.800 4.700 1.531 7.196
15 3.500 4.450 2.300 3.050 4.450 1.613 7.178
16 5.550 6.150 4.100 3.400 6.150 1.263 7.767

Width
Y1 1 1.615 1.200 3.700 4.850 4.850 1.038 5.034
2 1.000 2.600 2.050 2.550 2.600 2.075 5.395
3 2.185 1.565 3.750 4.450 4.450 1.038 4.619
Y2 1 1.050 1.120 0.855 0.805 1.120 1.038 1.163
2 0.675 0.685 0.655 0.630 0.685 2.075 1.421
3 1.275 1.285 1.300 1.280 1.300 1.038 1.349
Y5 1 4.400 5.200 2.700 2.000 5.200 0.662 3.442
2 1.750 2.250 1.030 0.650 2.250 1.413 3.179
3 1.700 2.050 1.080 0.650 2.050 1.470 3.014
4 3.900 4.450 2.400 1.750 4.450 0.605 2.692

Providing full jacketing of Tor steel on outer faces of all peripheral walls and vertical
bandages around the openings, at cross walls and mid span of long walls on inner face of
peripheral walls and both inner and outer faces of internal walls.
Max. bending moment per m = m = 11.850 kNm/m

Width of wall in ground floor = 350 mm
Max. bending moment = M = 8.763 kNm
Annex
350mm thk. wall.
For inner face, Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical band with moment capacities
9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall.

Thk. M22 (max.)
mm kNm/m kNm
Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
X1 11.850 8.763 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 mm c/c) jacketing with moment band with moment capacities
capacities 9.807 kNm/m in 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
225mm thk. wall and 14.262 and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk.
kNm/m in 350mm thk. wall. Wall
X2 7.000 8.617 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 mm c/c) jacketing with moment band with moment capacities
Y1 4.850 5.395 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
mm c/c) jacketing with moment band with moment capacities
350 capacities 9.807 kNm/m in 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
Y2 1.300 1.421 300mm wide vertical band with dia. in 300mm wide vertical
225 moment capacities 9.35 kNm in band with moment capacities
225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
350mm thk. Wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk.
Wall
Y5 5.200 3.442 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 capacities 9.807 kNm/m in 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
In walls Y3 and Y4, use same retrofitting options as for Y2.

Annex
bending):

Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress Zone Stress
2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.089 657 0.060 307 0.037 230 0.038 230 0.089 657
Comp. 0.207 1750 0.207 1700 0.279 1700 0.286 1700 0.286 1700
X2 Tension 0.08 730 0.075 630 0.040 760 0.038 760 0.160 730
Comp. 0.175 2525 0.171 2675 0.225 2525 0.198 2675 0.225 2525
Wall Vertical Stress S22 (average)

2 2 2 2 2
Y1 Tension 0.100 844 0.104 1100 0.084 445 0.102 662 0.104 1100
Comp. 0.209 3306 0.239 3267 0.252 4150 0.330 3709 0.330 3709
Y2 Tension 0.142 1060 0.056 442 0.079 354 0.029 220 0.142 1060
Comp. 0.138 3090 0.273 3708 0.165 3796 0.342 4150 0.342 4150
Y5 Tension 0.094 354 0.101 354 0.065 265 0.089 310 0.101 354
Comp. 0.193 1060 0.205 1060 0.245 1547 0.283 1326 0.283 1326

Outer face:
2 2
2 2
350mm
Inner face:
compressive strength of 28.085KN
• Walls Y2,Y3, Y4:


Annex
Check for Wall X1:
Max. Tensile stress = ft = 0.089 N/mm 2
Wall Thickness = 350 mm
2
Max. Compressive stress = fc = 0.286 N/mm
2
Hence OK
Check for Wall X2:

2
Max. Tensile stress = ft = 0.080 N/mm
2
2
Hence OK
Check for Wall Y1:

2
Max. Tensile stress = ft = 0.104 N/mm
2
2
2
Check for Wall Y2:
Max. Tensile stress = ft = 0.142 N/mm 2

Zone length = 1060.0 mm
Tensile force = 33.748 kN
Vertical band is sufficient, hence OK
2
2
2
Zone length = 4150 mm
Tensile force = 39.218 kN
Two Vertical band is sufficient, hence OK
Annex
In walls Y3 and Y4, use same retrofitting as in wall Y2.
Check for Wall Y5:
Max. Tensile stress = ft = 0.101 N/mm2

Hence provided jacketing and vertical band is sufficient.
Max. Compressive stress = fc = 0.283 N/mm 2

2
Hence OK

Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.070 760 0.075 760 0.050 760 0.055 760 0.075 760
X2 Tension 0.125 597 0.120 597 0.175 597 0.155 597 0.175 597

Stress Stress
2 2
2
mm
Y5 Tension 0.325 597 0.365 597 0.275 597 0.380 597 0.380 597

350mm wall:
2
2
2
225mm wall:
2
N/mm
2


Annex
Check for Wall X1:
Max. principal stress = ft = 0.075 N/mm2

Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.117 N/mm2
Check for Wall X2:

Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.117 N/mm 2
Additional stress f' = 0.058
Additional force = F=f' b t = 15.338 kN
Jacketing and splint is sufficient, hence OK
Check for Wall Y5:

Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.117 N/mm2
Tensile strength of bands(diagonal) = fta,d = 48.079 kN
Additional force = f" = 6.804 kN
Jacketing and splint is not sufficient,
Provide 2-4.75 mm dia tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm of length of 900mm at corner
of all openings with tension capacity of 10.189 kN on outer face.
Text Text Text KN
Σ -305.473
Check for Wall X1:

2
2
2
2

Dia of vertical bar1 = d1 = 8
Nos of vertical bar1 in each band = n1 = 2 nos.
Dia of vertical bar2 = d2 = 4.75 nos.
Nos of vertical bar2 in each band = n2 = 1 mm
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 69.016 kN

2
Tensile capacity of each band = Ft = 33.997 N/mm
Horizontal shear resistance = F3 = N Ft = 67.995 kN
Shear resistance due to one face jacketing = Fvj = 20.379 kN/mstrip/face

of 150mm c/c:
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 67.570 kN

2

Annex

2 2
m mm m m
X1 22.849 350 8.300 5.092 305.473 0.060 795.598 69.016 67.995 46.871 67.486 1046.964 0.206 Hence OK
X2 22.849 350 2.800 7.017 506.601 0.072 1096.360 73.617 67.995 46.871 92.965 1377.807 0.196 Hence OK
Y1 4.150 350 0.000 1.453 142.37 0.098 226.939 13.803 67.995 46.871 19.970 375.577 0.259 Hence OK
Y2 4.150 225 0.000 0.934 143.223 0.153 145.889 27.606 101.992 275.487 0.295 Hence OK
Y3 4.150 225 0.000 0.934 164.945 0.177 145.889 27.606 101.992 275.487 0.295 Hence OK
Y4 4.150 225 0.000 0.934 143.223 0.153 145.889 27.606 101.992 275.487 0.295 Hence OK
Y5 4.150 350 1.500 0.928 109.885 0.118 144.913 18.404 67.995 46.871 13.084 291.266 0.314 Hence OK
N
a A
n
2
2
2
2
No. of vertical bands = 15
outer face,
No of bars 8mm dia. from outside = n2 = 52 nos.
2
Resisting shear force = Fvr= 1.25 fvs Ast = 855.267 kN
length of wall = L = 22.849 m
2
Area of wall = A = 7.997 mm
2
Shear resisting capacity = fvr= Fvr / A = 0.107 N/mm

2 2 2 2 2 2
X1 0.156 0.206 0.049 166 4121.77 855.267 22.849 350 0.107 Hence OK
X2 0.156 0.196 0.040 166 4222.30 876.127 22.849 350 0.110 Hence OK
Y1 0.156 0.259 0.102 166 955.04 198.172 4.150 350 0.136 Hence OK
Y2 0.156 0.295 0.139 166 904.78 187.742 4.150 225 0.201 Hence OK
Y3 0.156 0.295 0.139 166 904.78 187.742 4.150 225 0.201 Hence OK
Y4 0.156 0.295 0.139 166 904.78 187.742 4.150 225 0.201 Hence OK
Y5 0.156 0.314 0.158 166 1105.84 229.462 4.150 350 0.158 Hence OK
4.75mm dia bars of splints are replaced with 8mm dia. bars of length 900mm at the wall and
slab interface of all Y direction walls.

Annex
outer face jacketing.
• Vertical bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical strips in inner face.
• Horizontal bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300 mm lintel and sill bands in inner face.
• Wall-slab connection: Provide 8mm dia. bars of length 90s0mm @450mm c/c at the wall
Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab.
outer face jacketing

Annex
Wall Y1, Design summary Wall Y5, Design summary
• Corner mesh at opening corners:2-4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm of
length of 900mm at corner of the openings.
Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab and replace 4.75 mm dia. bars of splint
with 8mm dia bars of length 900mm at the wall-slab interface.
Wall Y2, Y3, Y4 Design summary
and outer faces.
and outer faces.
• Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab and replace 4.75
mm dia. bars of splint with 8mm dia bars of length 900mm at the wall-slab interface.

Annex
ANNEX 3 /3: Sample Design Calculations for Shree Manahara Lower Secondary
School, Duwakot, Bhaktapur
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V

masonry building

Annex 3/3/1
Protected masonry
building

earthquake.
EQx X 0.05 0.3 1 3355.93 1006.779
EQy Y 0.05 0.3 1 3355.93 1006.779

Test 1:
Date: 28-Feb-12
Building: Manahara Ni Ma Vi
Test
Location: Ground floor
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 55 mm
Annex 3/3/2
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
k. Shear test:
Dial Pressure Pressure (P), Force Shear Stress,
S.N Gauge Gauge N/mm2 (F),N N/mm2
Reading =P*Jack
Reading (Bar) 10 bar= 1 N/mm2 Area = F/Contact Area
1 0 50 5 5667.7 0.100
1 2 90 9 10201.86 0.180
1 4 100 10 11335.4 0.200
2 5 110 11 12468.94 0.220
3 11 120 12 13602.48 0.240
4 17 130 13 14736.02 0.260
1 20 140 14 15869.56 0.280
2 25 150 15 17003.1 0.300
3 30 160 16 18136.64 0.320
2 40 170 17 19270.18 0.340
3 70 180 18 20403.72 0.360
4 90 190 19 21537.26 0.380
1 115 200 20 22670.8 0.400
2 150 210 21 23804.34 0.420
3 175 220 22 24937.88 0.440
4 195 230 23 26071.42 0.460
1 220 240 24 27204.96 0.480
2 255 250 25 28338.5 0.500
3 290 260 26 29472.04 0.520
4 310 280 28 31739.12 0.560
Shear Strength for

l. Sample 0.560 N/mm2
o. Unit wt of masonry 19.6 KN/m3
p. Overburden pressure 0.090 N/mm2
q. Corrected Shear strength 0.471 N/mm2
as per FEMA
Test 2:
Date: 28-Feb-12
Annex 3/3/3
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 55 mm
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
k. Shear test:
Reading =P*Jack
1 0 10 1 1133.54 0.020
1 0 40 4 4534.16 0.080
1 0 80 8 9068.32 0.160
2 0 100 10 11335.4 0.200
3 0 120 12 13602.48 0.240
4 0 150 15 17003.1 0.300
1 0 200 20 22670.8 0.400
2 1 210 21 23804.34 0.420
3 3 220 22 24937.88 0.440
2 9 230 23 26071.42 0.460
3 15 240 24 27204.96 0.480
4 22 250 25 28338.5 0.500
1 35 260 26 29472.04 0.520
2 44 270 27 30605.58 0.540
3 53 280 28 31739.12 0.560
4 90 290 29 32872.66 0.580
Shear Strength for

as per FEMA
Annex 3/3/4
Test 3:
Date: 28-Feb-12
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
2
b. Area: 1133.54 mm
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 55 mm
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
k. Shear test:
Reading =P*Jack
1 0 10 1 1133.54 0.020
1 0 60 6 6801.24 0.120
1 0 80 8 9068.32 0.160
2 0 100 10 11335.4 0.200
3 0 140 14 15869.56 0.280
4 2 150 15 17003.1 0.300
1 8 160 16 18136.64 0.320
2 15 170 17 19270.18 0.340
3 25 180 18 20403.72 0.360
2 30 180 18 20403.72 0.360
3 60 190 19 21537.26 0.380
Shear Strength for

as per FEMA

Annex 3/3/5
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID

Annex 3/3/6
without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

2
Use = n = 7 Nos.
2
2
2
2
strip = T= 1.25 fta A = 35.663 KN
2
Annex 3/3/7
2
2

2 2
Option 1:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 150 350 35.663 29.460 0.102 0.084 14.265
mm c/c)
Option 2:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 300 350 20.379 16.835 0.058 0.048 8.151
mm c/c)
Option 3:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 100 350 56.041 46.295 0.160 0.132 22.416
mm c/c)

Annex 3/3/8
2
2

mm KN KN KNm
225 33.997 28.085 9.349
8 and 1-4.75 mm
dia. in 300mm wide
350 33.997 28.085 13.599
band
Retrofitting with 2- 225 59.612 49.244 16.393
10 and 1-8 mm dia.
in 300mm wide 350 59.612 49.244 23.845
band

Annex 3/3/9
X1 1 0.4 0.580 0.550 0.650 0.650
2 0.525 0.950 0.300 0.660 0.950
3 0.260 0.720 0.200 0.550 0.720
4 0.285 0.350 0.450 0.500 0.500
X2 1 0.670 1.43 2.050 3.075 3.075
2 0.465 1.25 0.565 1.320 1.320
3 0.435 1.25 0.700 1.500 1.500
4 0.465 0.615 0.295 0.285 0.615
X3 1 1.500 1.750 0.855 1.700 1.750
2 0.260 0.55 0.250 0.375 0.550
3 0.680 1.95 0.500 1.280 1.950
4 0.330 0.350 0.460 0.565 0.565
X4 1 0.600 0.650 0.400 0.700 0.700
2 0.300 0.65 0.550 0.800 0.800
3 0.200 0.55 0.150 0.500 0.550
4 0.500 0.500 0.300 0.350 0.500

Y1 1 0.300 0.600 0.550 0.650 0.650
2 0.650 0.900 0.400 0.600 0.900
3 0.250 0.700 0.250 0.600 0.700
4 0.450 0.400 0.600 0.700 0.700
Y2 1 0.500 0.775 0.200 0.450 0.775
2 0.250 0.300 0.200 0.450 0.450
3 0.550 0.950 0.250 0.650 0.950
4 0.600 0.700 0.250 0.250 0.700
Y3 1 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500 0.500
2 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
3 0.350 0.450 0.900 1.250 1.250
4 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250
Y5 1 0.550 0.800 0.250 0.325 0.800
2 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.900 0.900
3 0.200 0.150 0.200 0.600 0.600
4 0.250 0.300 0.200 0.350 0.350

Annex 3/3/10
Wall Y1 is attached to the adjacent building, hence provide full jacketing only on inner face
of the wall.




jacketing with moment capacities 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. wall
capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
Wall
X1 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of
1 225 0.975 0.650 0.634 wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
2 225 1.175 0.950 1.116 @ 300 mm c/c) jacketing mm dia. in 300mm wide
with moment capacities horizontal band with
3 225 0.975 0.720 0.702 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. moment capacities 9.35
4 225 0.975 0.500 0.488 wall kNm in 225mm thk. wall
X2 1 225 0.950 3.075 2.921 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
dia. in 300mm wide mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 0.975 1.320 1.287 horizontal band with moment horizontal band with
3 225 0.975 1.500 1.463 capacities 9.35 kNm in moment capacities 9.35
4 225 0.975 0.615 0.600 225mm thk. wall kNm in 225mm thk. wall
X3 1 225 0.950 1.750 1.663 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
2 225 0.975 0.550 0.536 dia. in 300mm wide mm dia. in 300mm wide
horizontal band with moment horizontal band with
X4 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of
1 225 0.950 0.700 0.665
wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
3 225 0.975 0.550 0.536
5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. moment capacities 9.35
Y1 1 225 0.975 0.650 0.634 Attached to adjacent building Use Option 2: Retrofitting
of wall with Tor Steel
2 225 1.175 0.900 1.058 (4.75 mm @ 300 mm c/c)
3 225 0.975 0.700 0.683 jacketing with moment
capacities 5.604 kNm/m in
4 225 0.975 0.700 0.683 225mm thk. wall
Y2 1 225 0.975 0.775 0.756 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
2 225 1.175 0.450 0.529
Y3 1 225 0.950 0.500 0.475 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
2 225 0.975 0.400 0.390 horizontal band with moment horizontal band with
Y5 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of
1 225 0.950 0.800 0.760 wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
3 225 0.975 0.600 0.585 5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. moment capacities 9.35
In walls Y4, use same retrofitting options as for Y3.

Width
X1 1 0.800 0.515 1.400 1.650 1.650 0.638 1.053
2 0.350 1.300 0.900 1.650 1.650 1.388 2.290
3 0.425 1.125 0.950 1.450 1.450 1.475 2.139
4 1.040 0.665 1.750 2.100 2.100 0.725 1.523
5 1.025 0.655 1.700 2.000 2.000 0.725 1.450
6 0.435 1.150 0.850 1.300 1.300 1.475 1.918
7 0.440 1.100 0.850 1.350 1.350 1.475 1.991
8 1.065 0.730 0.000 2.050 2.050 0.725 1.486
9 1.070 0.750 1.750 2.050 2.050 0.725 1.486
10 0.445 1.100 0.950 1.300 1.300 1.475 1.918
11 0.450 1.100 0.900 1.500 1.500 1.388 2.082
12 1.295 1.050 1.850 2.150 2.150 0.638 1.372
X2 1 1.700 1.700 1.700 1.615 1.700 0.413 0.702
2 1.000 1.050 0.870 0.765 1.050 1.163 1.221
3 1.000 1.350 0.870 0.800 1.350 1.088 1.469
4 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.150 0.937 1.078
5 0.100 0.200 0.600 0.900 0.900 1.238 1.114
6 0.500 0.800 1.100 1.500 1.500 0.950 1.425
7 0.545 0.650 0.800 0.950 0.950 1.088 1.034
8 0.765 0.850 0.750 0.700 0.850 1.250 1.063
9 1.900 2.150 1.500 1.300 2.150 0.500 1.075
10 0.625 1.900 1.520 1.220 1.900 1.563 2.970
11 0.575 0.500 0.770 0.870 0.870 1.088 0.947
12 0.750 0.700 0.750 0.750 0.750 1.163 0.872
13 1.700 1.650 1.650 1.500 1.700 0.413 0.702
X3 1 1.750 1.700 1.750 1.750 1.750 0.413 0.723
2 0.850 0.765 0.900 0.950 0.950 1.163 1.105
3 0.850 0.915 0.725 0.700 0.915 1.088 0.996
4 1.425 1.800 0.660 0.450 1.800 0.937 1.687
5 0.515 0.800 0.400 0.300 0.800 1.238 0.990
6 1.100 1.515 0.500 0.850 1.515 0.950 1.439
7 0.800 0.960 0.550 0.450 0.960 1.088 1.044
8 0.750 0.710 0.815 0.850 0.850 1.250 1.063
9 1.450 1.250 1.915 2.100 2.100 0.500 1.050
10 0.970 1.200 0.620 0.400 1.200 1.563 1.876
11 0.770 0.900 0.570 0.400 0.900 1.088 0.979
12 0.750 0.800 0.700 0.650 0.800 1.163 0.930
13 1.650 1.700 1.650 1.650 1.700 0.413 0.702
X4 1 1.800 2.000 1.300 1.025 2.000 0.638 1.276
2 0.850 1.500 0.410 1.300 1.500 1.388 2.082
3 0.850 1.500 0.420 1.350 1.500 1.588 2.382
4 1.650 2.250 1.030 0.680 2.250 0.788 1.773
5 1.650 2.000 1.035 0.685 2.000 0.663 1.326
6 0.850 1.500 0.440 1.250 1.500 1.538 2.307
7 0.850 1.500 0.450 1.250 1.500 1.413 2.120
8 1.700 2.100 1.075 0.740 2.100 0.788 1.655
9 1.750 2.100 1.075 0.740 2.100 0.663 1.392
10 0.900 1.550 0.475 1.250 1.550 1.413 2.190
11 0.850 1.550 0.475 1.250 1.550 1.450 2.248
12 1.850 2.150 1.275 1.050 2.150 0.700 1.505

Width
Y1 1 1.200 0.850 1.775 2.200 2.200 0.450 0.990
2 0.600 1.150 1.000 1.450 1.450 1.013 1.469
3 0.500 1.250 1.000 1.500 1.500 1.606 2.409
4 1.275 1.150 1.875 2.300 2.300 2.012 4.628
5 1.375 1.100 1.875 2.200 2.200 1.269 2.792
6 0.700 0.850 1.000 1.350 1.350 1.269 1.713
7 0.700 0.850 1.000 1.350 1.350 2.025 2.734
8 1.400 1.200 1.900 2.300 2.300 2.056 4.729
9 1.400 1.200 1.900 2.350 2.350 1.000 2.350
10 0.750 1.250 1.000 1.450 1.450 2.056 2.981
11 1.225 0.950 1.850 2.200 2.200 1.000 2.200
Y2 1 0.900 0.950 1.100 1.200 1.200 1.663 1.996
2 0.800 0.750 0.950 1.000 1.000 1.100 1.100
3 1.100 1.100 1.050 0.950 1.100 1.175 1.293
4 2.400 2.500 2.050 1.850 2.500 0.419 1.048
Y3 1 1.800 1.750 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.000 1.800
2 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000
3 1.250 1.250 1.300 1.350 1.350 1.000 1.350
4 1.425 1.350 1.600 1.650 1.650 1.000 1.650
5 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000
6 1.850 1.850 1.850 1.900 1.900 1.000 1.900
Y5 1 1.800 2.200 1.220 1.000 2.200 1.000 2.200
2 1.000 1.500 0.600 1.350 1.500 2.000 3.000
3 1.470 2.000 0.750 0.750 2.000 1.000 2.000
4 1.570 2.000 0.800 0.750 2.000 0.688 1.376
5 1.200 1.500 0.600 1.050 1.500 0.688 1.032
6 1.000 1.500 0.600 0.950 1.500 0.688 1.032
7 1.600 2.000 0.820 0.400 2.000 0.688 1.376
8 1.550 2.000 0.820 0.400 2.000 1.000 2.000
9 1.000 1.600 0.650 1.200 1.600 2.000 3.200
10 1.950 2.400 1.275 1.100 2.400 1.000 2.400
Wall Y1 is attached to the adjacent building, hence provide full jacketing only on inner face
of the wall.

350mm thk. wall.
For inner face, Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical band with moment
capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall.

Thk. M22 (max.)
mm kNm/m kNm
X1 225 2.150 2.290 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
225mm thk. Wall
X2 225 2.150 2.970 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
300mm wide vertical band with dia. in 300mm wide vertical
moment capacities 9.35 kNm in band with moment capacities
225mm thk. wall 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall
X3 225 2.100 1.876 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
X4 225 2.250 2.382 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
225mm thk. Wall
Y1 225 2.350 4.729 Attached to adjacent building. Use Option 1: Retrofitting of

wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm
@ 150 mm c/c) jacketing with
moment capacities 9.807
kNm/m in 225mm thk. Wall
Y2 225 2.500 1.996 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
Y3 225 1.900 2.000 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
Y5 225 2.400 3.200 Use Option 1: Retrofitting of wall Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm
225mm thk. Wall

Annex 3/3/16
bending):

2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.215 800 0.215 800 0.290 800 0.300 800 0.300 800
Comp. 0.310 450 0.320 450 0.440 450 0.450 450 0.450 450
X2 Tension 0.105 293 0.165 600 0.115 363 0.175 645 0.175 645
Comp. 0.300 683 0.325 975 0.360 683 0.450 975 0.450 975
X3 Tension 0.125 488 0.125 488 0.175 488 0.140 488 0.175 488
Comp. 0.240 683 0.350 975 0.335 683 0.485 975 0.485 975
X4 Tension 0.155 480 0.160 480 0.215 720 0.220 720 0.220 480
Comp. 0.225 1560 0.230 1560 0.275 1560 0.335 780 0.335 1560

2 2 2 2 2
Y1 Tension 0.195 1000 0.160 1040 0.250 1040 0.200 1040 0.250 1040
Comp. 0.215 1130 0.178 1040 0.350 1040 0.255 1000 0.350 1000
Y2 Tension 0.045 200 0.070 306 0.025 90 0.050 100 0.070 306
Comp. 0.180 1000 0.240 1000 0.285 1000 0.340 1000 0.340 1000
Y3 Tension 0.125 650 0.115 585 0.070 260 0.045 163 0.125 650
Comp. 0.290 2112 0.285 2112 0.365 2112 0.360 2112 0.365 2112
Y5 Tension 0.155 1625 0.155 1625 0.135 1625 0.130 1625 0.155 1625
Comp. 0.285 1625 0.310 1625 0.440 1625 0.440 1625 0.440 1625

Outer face:
2
allowable tensile stress 0.159 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall and allowable compressive stress
2
0.131 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall
Inner face:
• Walls Y1:

Annex 3/3/17
Inner face:
2
allowable tensile stress 0.159 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall and allowable compressive stress
2
0.131 N/mm in 225mm thk. wall
• Walls X2, X3, Y2,Y3, Y4:
Check for Wall X1:

2
2
Allowable stress of jacketing = fta = 0.159 N/mm
2
Tensile strength of band = 33.997 kN
2
2
2
2
2
Additional stress = f" = 0.019 N/mm
Comp. force = F=f" b t = 1.924 kN
Comp. strength of band = 28.085 kN
Check for Wall X2:

Tensile force = F=f b t = 25.397 kN
Splints are sufficient, hence OK
2
2
2
Annex 3/3/18
Comp. force = F=f' b t = 32.906 kN
Check for Wall X3:

2
2
2
Check for Wall X4:

2
2
2
Tensile strength of band = 33.997 kN
2
2
2
2
Check for Wall Y1:

Allowable stress of jacketing = fta = 0.159 N/mm2
Jacketing is not sufficient,
allowable tensile stress 0.25 N/mm2 in 225mm thk. wall
2
2
2
Allowable stress of jacketing = fta = 0.206 N/mm2
Check for Wall Y2:

Tensile strength of a band = 33.997 kN
2
2
2
Additional stress f' = 0.040 N/mm
Hence OK
Check for Wall Y3:

Tensile strength of two band = 67.994 kN
2
2
2
Additional stress f' = 0.065 N/mm
Annex
Tensile strength of four bands = 112.340 kN
Hence OK
Check for Wall Y5:

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Additional stress = f" = 0.009 N/mm
Comp. force = F=f" b t = 3.291 kN
Comp. strength of two bands = 56.170 kN

Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.300 918 0.300 918 0.370 918 0.370 918 0.370 918
X2 Tension 0.180 940 0.205 934 0.220 940 0.250 934 0.250 934
X3 Tension 0.185 940 0.160 934 0.215 940 0.175 934 0.215 934
X4 Tension 0.240 1000 0.240 1000 0.290 1000 0.300 1000 0.300 1000

Stress Stress
2 2
2
mm
Y1 Tension 0.200 807 0.150 807 0.363 807 0.225 807 0.363 807
Y2 Tension 0.100 1082 0.100 1082 0.125 1082 0.100 1082 0.125 1082

Annex
225mm wall:
2
2
2
For Wall Y1:

2
2
2

Check for Wall X1:

Allowable stress of nal) = fta,d = 0.183 N/mm 2
jacketing(diago
Jacketing and bands are sufficient, hence OK
Check for Wall X2:

Total force = fta,d = 52.538 kN
Tensile strength of two al) = fta,d = 96.158 kN
bands(diagon
Bands are sufficient, hence OK
Check for Wall X3:


Annex
Tensile strength of two bands(diagonal) = fta,d = 96.158 kN
Check for Wall X4:

Allowable stress of nal) = fta,d = 0.183 N/mm 2
jacketing(diago
Jacketing and bands are sufficient, hence OK
Check for Wall Y1:

Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.266 kN
Jacketing is not sufficient,
Use horizontal reinforcing as : Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 mm c/c) jacketing with allowable
tensile stress 0.159N/mm2 in 225mm thk. wall
Allowable stress of jacketing(diagonal) = fta,d = 0.296 kN

Additional stress f' = 0.067 kN
Provide 3-4.75 mm dia tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm of length of 900mm at corner
of all openings with tension capacity of 15.284 kN on inner face
Check for Wall Y2:

Tensile strength of two bands(diagonal) = fta,d = 96.158 kN
Text Text Text KN
-273.227
Check for Wall X1:

2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 55.212 kN

2

of 150mm c/c:
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 45.506 kN

2


2 2
m mm m m
X1 13.300 225 3.600 2.183 273.227 0.125 333.661 55.212 67.995 45.852 45.450 548.169 0.251 Hence OK
X2 13.300 225 4.200 2.048 200.162 0.098 313.022 119.627 135.989 568.638 0.278 Hence OK
X3 13.300 225 5.100 1.845 202.145 0.110 282.064 119.627 135.989 537.680 0.291 Hence OK
X4 13.300 225 3.600 2.183 282.630 0.129 333.661 55.212 67.995 45.852 45.450 548.169 0.251 Hence OK
Y1 13.150 225 0.825 2.773 275.839 0.099 423.955 0.000 0.000 80.242 85.390 589.587 0.213 Hence OK
Y2 4.700 225 1.200 0.788 40.701 0.052 120.393 36.808 135.989 293.191 0.372 Hence OK
Y3 8.900 225 0.000 2.003 184.638 0.092 306.142 55.212 135.989 497.344 0.248 Hence OK
Y4 8.900 225 0.000 2.003 203.179 0.101 306.142 55.212 135.989 497.344 0.248 Hence OK
Y5 11.650 225 0.000 2.621 261.236 0.100 400.737 46.010 67.995 45.852 54.402 614.996 0.235 Hence OK
N
a A
n
2
2
2
2
outer face,
2
2
2

Wall fvt fv fvi fvs Ast Fvr L t fvr
Remark
2 2 2 2 2 2
X1 0.153 0.251 0.098 166 2764.60 573.655 13.300 225.000 0.192 Hence OK
X2 0.153 0.278 0.125 166 2613.81 542.365 13.300 225.000 0.181 Hence OK
X3 0.153 0.291 0.139 166 2613.81 542.365 13.300 225.000 0.181 Hence OK
X4 0.153 0.251 0.098 166 2764.60 573.655 13.300 225.000 0.192 Hence OK
Y1 0.153 0.213 0.060 166 1507.96 312.903 13.150 225.000 0.106 Hence OK
Y2 0.153 0.372 0.219 166 1206.37 250.322 4.700 225.000 0.237 Hence OK
Y3 0.153 0.248 0.095 166 1206.37 250.322 8.900 225.000 0.125 Hence OK
Y4 0.153 0.248 0.095 166 1206.37 250.322 8.900 225.000 0.125 Hence OK
Y5 0.153 0.235 0.082 166 2362.48 490.214 11.650 225.000 0.187 Hence OK
For wall Y2, replace 4.75mm dia. Bars with 8mm dia. Bars of length 900mm at slab and wall
interface.

Annex
• Jacketing: 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm vertical and 300mm
horizontal for outer face jacketing.
• Horizontal bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300 mm lintel and sill bands in inner face
• Vertical bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical strips in inner and
outer faces.
• Horizontal bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300 mm lintel and sill bands in inner
and outer faces
• Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab.

Annex
outer faces.
and outer faces
Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab.

Annex
Wall Y1, Design summary
horizontal for inner face jacketing.
• Corner mesh at opening corners: 3-4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm of
length of 900mm at corner of the openings.
outer faces.
and outer faces
Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab and replace
4.75mm by 8mm dia. bar of length 900mm in all splints.

Annex
outer faces.
and outer faces
outer faces.
and outer faces

Annex

Annex
ANNEX 3 /4: Sample Design Calculations for Shree Bhairabi Lower Secondary
School, Gundu, Bhaktapur
mesh and splint & bandage on the walls of the building)
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V
masonry building


Annex 3/4/1
Seismic zone kathmandu valley

Protected masonry
building

earthquake.

EX X 0 0.3 1 1724.195 517.259
EY Y 0 0.3 1 1724.195 517.259

Test 1:
Date: 2-Mar-12
Building: Bhairabi Ni Ma Vi
Test
Location: Ground floor, East Wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
2
b. Area: 1133.54 mm
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 225 mm
Annex 3/4/2
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 65 mm
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
S.N Gauge Gauge Pressure (P), N/mm2 Force (F),N Shear Stress, N/mm2
=P*Jack
Reading Reading (Bar) 10 bar= 1 N/mm2 Area = F/Contact Area
1 0 40 4 4534.16 0.080
1 1 50 5 5667.7 0.100
1 2 60 6 6801.24 0.120
2 6 70 7 7934.78 0.140
3 10 80 8 9068.32 0.160
4 20 90 9 10201.86 0.180
1 28 100 10 11335.4 0.200
2 50 110 11 12468.94 0.220
3 65 120 12 13602.48 0.240
2 80 130 13 14736.02 0.260
3 90 140 14 15869.56 0.280
4 105 150 15 17003.1 0.300
1 125 160 16 18136.64 0.320
2 150 170 17 19270.18 0.340
3 170 180 18 20403.72 0.360
2 190 190 19 21537.26 0.380
2 215 200 20 22670.8 0.400
2 235 210 21 23804.34 0.420
2 250 210 21 23804.34 0.420
l. Shear Strength for Sample 0.420 N/mm2

as per FEMA
Test 2:
Date: 2-Mar-12

Annex 3/4/3
Test
Location: Ground floor, North Wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 225 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 65 mm
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 0 10 1 1133.54 0.020
1 0 20 2 2267.08 0.040
1 0 40 4 4534.16 0.080
2 0 50 5 5667.7 0.100
3 0 80 8 9068.32 0.160
4 4 90 9 10201.86 0.180
1 10 100 10 11335.4 0.200
2 18 110 11 12468.94 0.220
3 25 120 12 13602.48 0.240
2 38 130 13 14736.02 0.260
3 50 140 14 15869.56 0.280
4 75 150 15 17003.1 0.300
1 100 160 16 18136.64 0.320
2 150 170 17 19270.18 0.340
3 225 170 17 19270.18 0.340

as per FEMA

Annex 3/4/4
Test 3:
Date: 2-Mar-12
Test
Location: First Floor, East Wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 55 mm
Upper Bed: 18 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 0 10 1 1133.54 0.020
1 0 20 2 2267.08 0.040
1 0 30 3 3400.62 0.060
2 0 50 5 5667.7 0.100
3 3 70 7 7934.78 0.140
4 5 80 8 9068.32 0.160
1 15 90 9 10201.86 0.180
2 25 100 10 11335.4 0.200
3 45 110 11 12468.94 0.220
2 60 120 12 13602.48 0.240
3 85 130 13 14736.02 0.260
4 115 140 14 15869.56 0.280
2 165 150 15 17003.1 0.300
3 225 160 16 18136.64 0.320
2 278 160 16 18136.64 0.320


Annex 3/4/5
as per FEMA
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID

Annex 3/4/6
y

without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

Annex 3/4/7
2
Use = n = 7 Nos.
2
2
2
2
Total allowable tensile force per m T= 1.25 fta
strip = A = 35.663 KN
2
C= 1.25 fca
Total allowable comp. force per m strip = A = 29.460 KN
b)Allowable tensile stress of 9” wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing:

2
For 225 mm wall, Wall area per m strip = A = 225000 mm
Allowable tensile stress in 225 mm
2
wall = ft = T/A = 0.159 N/mm
c) Capacity of 9” wall with Tor Steel

mesh jacketing for out of plane

2
(in Both direction)

Annex 3/4/8
Allowable Moment
Allowable
Tensile Comp. Tensile of
Comp.
Wall Strength Strength stress Resistance
stress
Thk. of of of wall of wall
Jacketing Option of wall with
jacketing jacketing with with
jacketing
jacketing jacketing
2 2
KN/m KN/m N/mm N/mm
mm strip/face strip/face /per face /per face KN-m/m
Option 1:
Retrofitting of
wall with Tor
Steel 225 35.663 29.460 0.159 0.131 9.807
(4.75 mm @ 150
mm
c/c) 350 35.663 29.460 0.102 0.084 14.265
Option 2:
Retrofitting of 225 20.379 16.835 0.091 0.075 5.604
wall with Tor
Steel (4.75 mm @
300 mm c/c) 350 20.379 16.835 0.058 0.048 8.151
T= 1.25 fta
Total allowable tensile force = A = 33.997 KN
2
C= 1.25 fca
Total allowable comp. force = A = 28.085 KN
2
KN-
Moment of resistance per m strip = M= T z = 9.349 m
F. Design of horizontal bands for horizontal bending moment (Out

of plane bending):

DL+ LL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL+ 0.7 DL-
EQy EQy EQy EQy Max.
X1: A 1 4.4 4.550 4.455 4.465 4.550
2 3.75 4.040 3.880 3.900 4.040
3 8.435 9.000 8.685 8.770 9.000
X1: B 1 7.675 9.000 8.685 8.770 9.000
2 3.86 3.950 3.980 4.020 4.020
3 7.445 7.760 7.580 6.610 7.760
X1: C 1 7.445 7.760 7.580 6.610 7.760
2 4.04 4.300 4.150 4.200 4.300
3 4.150 4.285 4.240 4.245 4.285
X2: A 1 2.215 3.71 2.695 3.230 3.710

2 1.75 3.88 2.450 3.220 3.880
3 4.395 6.06 4.900 5.520 6.060
X2: B 1 4.395 6.06 4.900 5.520 6.060
2 1.83 2.8 2.140 2.500 2.800
Annex
3 4.380 6.075 4.910 5.530 6.075
X2: C 1 4.380 6.075 4.910 5.530 6.075
2 1.8 3.88 2.460 3.220 3.880
3 2.225 3.68 2.690 3.215 3.680
Y1 1 4.800 4.975 4.875 4.875 4.975

2 3.700 3.300 3.560 3.430 3.700
3 5.800 4.365 5.350 4.835 5.800
Y2 1 9.735 9.720 9.705 9.735 9.735

2 5.180 5.150 5.200 5.170 5.200
3 10.740 10.690 10.725 10.715 10.740
Y3 1 10.150 10.170 10.155 10.150 10.170

2 5.100 5.100 5.100 5.100 5.100
3 10.565 10.530 10.555 10.540 10.565
Y4 1 4.675 4.570 4.630 4.635 4.675

2 3.350 3.610 3.430 3.530 3.610
3 4.460 5.890 4.910 5.425 5.890
Provide full jacketing of Tor steel on both face of the walls.
Retrofitting Option
Walls
Outer Face Inner Face
X1 1
Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 150 mm Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 150 mm
2
c/c c/c
3
X2 1
2
c/c c/c
3
Retrofitting Option
Walls
Y1 1 Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm
2 Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 150 mm bars in 300 mm width band at
c/c sill, lintel and floor level as
3 necessary
Y2 1 Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm

2 bars in 300 mm width band at bars in 300 mm width band at
sill, lintel and floor level as sill, lintel and floor level as
3 necessary necessary

Annex
sill, lintel and floor level as sill, lintel and floor level as
3 necessary necessary
Y4 1 Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm

c/c sill, lintel and floor level as
3 necessary

Annex
Valley
G. Design of vertical bands for vertical bending moment (Out of plane bending):

Moments M22 (max)
DL+ LL+ 0.7 DL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL-
Walls
EQy Width M22 EQy Width M22 M22max EQy Width M22 EQy Width M22 M22max
kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m
X1 PA1 1.550 1.000 1.550 1.900 1.000 1.900 1.900 3.000 1.000 3.000 2.650 1.000 2.650 3.000
PA2 2.100 1.000 2.100 2.050 1.000 2.050 2.100 2.140 1.000 2.140 2.100 1.000 2.100 2.140
PA3 2.120 1.000 2.120 1.810 1.000 1.810 2.120 1.810 1.000 1.810 1.815 1.000 1.815 1.815
PA4 1.890 1.000 1.890 2.340 1.000 2.340 2.340 3.630 1.000 3.630 3.180 1.000 3.180 3.630
PA5 2.960 1.000 2.960 2.710 1.000 2.710 2.960 2.000 1.000 2.000 2.600 1.000 2.600 2.600
PA6 1.930 1.000 1.930 2.370 1.000 2.370 2.370 3.650 1.000 3.650 3.200 1.000 3.200 3.650
PA7 1.350 1.000 1.350 0.980 1.000 0.980 1.350 0.380 1.000 0.380 1.110 1.000 1.110 1.110
PA8 2.870 1.000 2.870 2.700 1.000 2.700 2.870 2.470 1.000 2.470 2.650 1.000 2.650 2.650
PA9 1.530 1.000 1.530 1.860 1.000 1.860 1.860 2.940 1.000 2.940 2.600 1.000 2.600 2.940
X2 PB1 2.600 1.000 2.600 2.470 1.000 2.470 2.600 1.950 1.000 1.950 2.040 1.000 2.040 2.040
PB2 2.450 1.000 2.450 1.420 1.000 1.420 2.450 3.200 1.000 3.200 1.540 1.000 1.540 3.200
PB3 2.960 1.000 2.960 2.740 1.000 2.740 2.960 2.860 1.000 2.860 2.180 1.000 2.180 2.860
PB4 2.420 1.000 2.420 1.450 1.000 1.450 2.420 2.690 1.000 2.690 1.330 1.000 1.330 2.690
PB5 2.400 1.000 2.400 1.660 1.000 1.660 2.400 2.530 1.000 2.530 1.230 1.000 1.230 2.530
PB6 2.960 1.000 2.960 2.750 1.000 2.750 2.960 2.600 1.000 2.600 2.200 1.000 2.200 2.600
PB7 2.620 1.000 2.620 1.660 1.000 1.660 2.620 3.170 1.000 3.170 1.490 1.000 1.490 3.170
PB8 2.540 1.000 2.540 2.440 1.000 2.440 2.540 1.890 1.000 1.890 1.994 1.000 1.994 1.994

Annex 3/4/1
Valley
Moments M22 (max)

DL+ LL+ 0.7 DL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL-
Walls
EQy Width M22 EQy Width M22 M22max EQy Width M22 EQy Width M22 M22max
kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m kNm/m m KN/m
Y1 3.150 1.000 3.150 3.100 1.000 3.100 3.150 3.030 1.000 3.030 3.070 1.000 3.070 3.070
Y2 1,3 3.750 1.056 3.961 3.725 1.056 3.935 3.961 3.720 1.056 3.929 3.700 1.056 3.908 3.929
2 1.300 2.113 2.746 1.325 2.113 2.799 2.799 1.330 2.113 2.810 1.350 2.113 2.852 2.852
Y3 1,3 3.625 1.056 3.829 3.655 1.056 3.861 3.861 3.600 1.056 3.803 3.650 1.056 3.855 3.855
2 1.325 2.113 2.799 1.400 2.113 2.958 2.958 1.350 2.113 2.852 1.325 2.113 2.799 2.852
Y4 3.100 1.000 3.100 3.130 1.000 3.130 3.130 3.200 1.000 3.200 3.160 1.000 3.160 3.200

Annex 3/4/2
Valley

Provide full jacketing of and splint & bandage on the walls as necessary.
Retrofitting Option
Walls
X1 1
2
c/c c/c
3
X2 1
2
c/c c/c
3
Retrofitting Option
Walls
Y1 1 Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm
c/c the two ends and middle of the
3 wall

the two ends and middle of the the two ends and middle of the
3 wall wall

the two ends and middle of the the two ends and middle of the
3 wall wall
Y4 1 Use 2-#8 mm + 1-#4.75 mm

c/c the two ends and middle of the
3 wall

Annex 3/4/1
Valley

bending):
VerticalStress S22
DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx 0.7DL+EQx 0.7DL-EQx Max.
Wall Stress Zone
2 2 2
N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm2 mm N/mm
2
mm
X1: Tension 0.090 670 0.009 670 0.067 670 0.051 670 0.090
PA1 Compr. 0.382 670 0.278 670 0.220 670 0.149 670 0.382
X1: Tension 0.030 399 0.097 800 0.045 399 0.099 800 0.099
PA2 Compr. 0.415 800 0.303 800 0.249 700 0.195 587 0.415
X1: Tension 0.120 400 0.038 387 0.127 675 0.067 300 0.127
PA3 Compr. 0.492 800 0.368 800 0.270 800 0.190 500 0.492
X1: Tension 0.072 138 0.107 357 0.095 357 0.120 357 0.120
PA4 Compr. 0.525 713 0.330 713 0.300 713 0.160 575 0.525
X1: Tension 0.070 300 0.046 250 0.080 483 0.091 300 0.091
PA5 Compr. 0.455 1076 0.340 1076 0.285 925 0.215 625 0.455
X1: Tension 0.145 1637 0.045 325 0.175 637 0.070 1637 0.175
PA6 Compr. 0.297 1450 0.620 1637 0.170 487 0.045 187 0.620
X1: Tension 0.055 288 0.185 1050 0.075 663 0.173 1050 0.185
PA7 Compr. 0.440 800 0.365 800 0.230 763 0.205 567 0.440
X1: Tension 0.095 399 0.058 300 0.106 399 0.070 399 0.106
PA8 Compr. 0.335 800 0.385 800 0.210 613 0.235 687 0.385
X1: Tension 0.145 862 0.047 167 0.130 862 0.085 662 0.145
PA9 Compr. 0.188 662 0.295 662 0.120 575 0.241 662 0.295
X2: Tension 0.107 332 0.095 2112 0.070 2112 0.075 2112 0.107
PB1 Compr. 0.165 663 0.205 663 0.133 508 0.170 663 0.205
X2: Tension 0.237 513 0.165 800 0.178 400 0.132 399 0.237
PB2 Compr. 0.165 663 0.205 663 0.130 493 0.170 515 0.205
X2: Tension 0.115 433 0.160 1262 0.119 800 0.110 1263 0.160
PB3 Compr. 0.235 2262 0.265 2100 0.112 676 0.223 2282 0.265
X2: Tension 0.190 476 0.155 600 0.145 476 0.145 600 0.190
PB4 Compr. 0.255 1076 0.242 1001 0.205 763 0.190 751 0.255
X2: Tension 0.155 688 0.175 600 0.147 475 0.135 487 0.175
PB5 Compr. 0.245 1000 0.241 912 0.195 748 0.195 762 0.245
X2: Tension 0.135 526 0.115 432 0.100 637 0.100 933 0.135
PB6 Compr. 0.245 2443 0.235 2317 0.203 2282 0.192 2074 0.245
X2: Tension 0.165 513 0.235 450 0.132 350 0.175 450 0.235
PB7 Compr. 0.295 800 0.222 637 0.203 663 0.167 547 0.295
X2: Tension 0.095 575 0.115 331 0.080 575 0.095 331 0.115
PB8 Compr. 0.210 662 0.174 662 0.170 485 0.139 487 0.210

Annex 3/4/2
Valley
Wall VerticalStress S22 (max)

DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx 0.7DL+EQx 0.7DL-EQx Max. Zone
Stress Stress
2 2
2
mm
Y1 Tension 0.030 275 0.089 528 0.093 900 0.113 1056 0.113 1056
Compr. 0.300 4225 0.357 3697 0.235 3475 0.265 3350 0.357 3697
Y2 Tension 0.030 210 0.037 285 0.110 860 0.070 528 0.110 860
Compr. 0.240 4225 0.412 4225 0.167 3510 0.295 3697 0.412 4225
Y3 Tension 0.030 200 0.039 275 0.105 530 0.072 528 0.105 530
Compr. 0.269 4225 0.365 4030 0.170 3695 0.255 3697 0.365 4030
Y4 Tension 0.033 300 0.085 528 0.092 900 0.110 1056 0.110 1056
Compr. 0.300 4225 0.355 3697 0.235 3425 0.260 3300 0.355 3697

Compr
Wall Tensile Compr Stress Allowable Allowable
Wall th. Stress Stress excess of Retrofitting Option Tensile Conmpr
(max) (max) 0.3 Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm
Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 150 mm
X1 225 0.145 0.620 0.32 0.317 0.262
c/c(Both face)
X2 225 0.237 0.295 0.000 0.317 0.262
c/c(Both face)
c/c(Outer face) & 2-8 mm + 1-
Y1 225 0.113 0.357 0.057 4.75 mm bar in 300 mm band at 0.317 0.262
two ends and middle of the wall
(inner face)
Use 2-8 mm + 1-4.75 mm bar in
Y2 225 0.110 0.512 0.212 300 mm band at two ends and 0.317 0.262
middle of both faces of wall
Use 2-8 mm + 1-4.75 mm bar in
Y3 225 0.105 0.365 0.065 300 mm band at two ends and 0.317 0.262
middle of both faces of wall
c/c(Outer face) & 2-8 mm + 1-
Y4 225 0.110 0.355 0.055 4.75 mm bar in 300 mm band at 0.317 0.262
two ends and middle of the wall
(inner face)

Annex 3/4/3
Valley

TABLE:
Joint
Reactions
Text Text Text N
1 EX LinStatic -1482.39
Annex 3/4/4
Valley

792 EX LinStatic -1731
∑ -313563.1

Shear stress induced in wall X2
Shear force in wall (From SAP) = Fv = 313.56 kN
2
Average shear stress in wall = fvi= Fv * A = 0.136 m
2
N/m
Shear strength of the masonry wall as per in place shear test result
2
2

{Ref, Miha Tomazevic, Earthquake
resistant design of masonry buildings}
Annex 3/4/5
Valley

Allowable compressive Strength of the
mortar
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 0.000 kN
Shear resistance due to direct tension in the horizontal band:

2
Shear resistance due to horizontal bars in

both face jacketing
with 4.75 mm dia mesh with spacing of
300mm c/c
Dowel action due to vertical bars in one

face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia mesh
with spacing of 150mm c/c
mortar
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 48.264 kN
Check for total shear capacity of wall

Ft = F1+ F2
Total shear resistance = + F3+ F4+F5 = 488.462 kN
2
Shear resisting capacity > induced shear , Hence safe in

shear

Annex 3/4/6
Shear force in
Length Thk. Openings Area Shear stress in wall
wall
Walls L t lo A Fv fvi F1 F2 F3 F4 F4 Ft fvr Remark
2 2
m mm m m
Hence
X1 16.575 225 5.250 2.548 194.186 0.076 261.132 0.000 0.000 203.277 53.025 517.433 0.203 OK
Hence
X2 16.575 225 6.300 2.312 313.56 0.136 236.921 0.000 0.000 203.277 48.204 488.402 0.211 OK
Hence
Y1 4.225 225 0.000 0.951 107.58 0.113 97.420 0.000 0.000 203.277 19.970 320.667 0.337 OK
Hence
Y2 4.225 225 0.000 0.951 137.56 0.145 97.420 13.803 101.991 101.638 19.970 334.823 0.352 OK
Hence
Y3 4.225 225 0.000 0.951 141.37 0.149 97.420 13.803 101.991 101.638 19.970 334.823 0.352 OK
Hence
Y4 4.225 225 0.000 0.951 105.69 0.111 97.420 0.000 0.000 203.277 19.970 320.667 0.337 OK
N
a A
n
J. Check for the diaphragm action due to connectivity in slab and
wall
Check for the diaphragm action due to connectivity in slab and wall ( Wall
X2)
The shear stress of wall and slab
interface
2
(from shear test) = fvt = 0.102 N/mm
Shear strength of the wall after
2
retrofitting = fv = 0.211 N/mm
As earthquake force can be higher than
the design level earthquake,
the interface must be stronger than the
wall for full load transfer from
diaphragm to wall.
2
Providing 8mm dia. bars of length 900mm @450mm c/c at the wall and slab interface at inner face,
2
Providing 8mm dia. bars of length 900mm @450mm c/c at the wall and slab interface at outer face,
2
2
2

shear

Annex 3/4/8
fvt fv fvi fvs Ast Fvr fvr Remark

Wall
2 2 2 2 2 2
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm mm kN N/mm
Hence
X1 0.102 0.203 0.101 166 4222.30 876.127 0.235 OK
Hence
X2 0.102 0.211 0.109 166 4222.30 876.127 0.235 OK
Hence
Y1 0.102 0.337 0.235 166 1206.37 250.322 0.263 OK
Hence
Y2 0.102 0.352 0.250 166 1206.37 250.322 0.263 OK
Hence
Y3 0.102 0.352 0.250 166 1206.37 250.322 0.263 OK
Hence
Y4 0.102 0.337 0.235 166 1206.37 250.322 0.263 OK

Annex 3/4/9
K. Conclusion and recommendations for retrofitting of walls

• Jacketing (Vertical): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm c/c for both face
jacketing.
• Jacketing (Horizontal): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 150 mm c/c for both face
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

• Jacketing (Vertical): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 100 mm c/c for outer face
jacketing.
• Jacketing (Horizontal): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 100 mm c/c for outer
face jacketing.
• Vertical Band: 2-#8 mm + 1- 4.75 mm in 300 mm width band at the edge/ corner and
middle of the wall on inner face.
• Horizontal Band: 2-#8 mm + 1- 4.75 mm in 300 mm width band at the sill, lintel and
floor/roof level of the wall on inner face as necessary.

middle of the wall on both face.
floor/roof level of the wall on both face as necessary.

middle of the wall on both face.
floor/roof level of the wall on both face as necessary.

Annex
• Jacketing (Vertical): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 100 mm c/c for outer face
jacketing.
• Jacketing (Horizontal): 4.75 mm tor-steel mesh with spacing of 100 mm c/c for outer
face jacketing.
middle of the wall on inner face.
floor/roof level of the wall on inner face as necessary.

Annex
ANNEX 3 /5: Sample Design Calculations for Adarsha Kanya Niketan Higher
Secondary School, Mangal Bazaar, Lalitpur
mesh on both faces of the walls of the building)
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V

masonry building


Annex 3/5/1

Protected masonry
building

earthquake.

LoadPat Dir PercentEcc C K Weight Used Base Shear
EX X 0.05 0.3 1 6917.979 2075.394
EY Y 0.05 0.3 1 6917.979 2075.394

Test 1:
10-Feb-
Date: 12
Building: Adarsha Kanya HSS
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Annex 3/5/2
Breadth: 120 mm
Height: 60 mm
f. Mortar type: Mud
Upper Bed: 10 mm
Lower Bed: 5 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 0 20 2 2267.08 0.036
2 0 30 3 3400.62 0.054
3 0 40 4 4534.16 0.073
4 1 50 5 5667.7 0.091
5 1 60 6 6801.24 0.109
6 2 80 8 9068.32 0.145
7 4 100 10 11335.4 0.182
8 6 100 10 11335.4 0.182
8 8 120 12 13602.48 0.218
9 14 140 14 15869.56 0.254

n Unit wt of masonry 19.6 KN/m3
o Overburden pressure 0.136 N/mm2
p Corrected Shear strength 0.118 N/mm2
as per FEMA
Test 2:
10-Feb-
Date: 12
Building: Adarsah Kanya HSS
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 60 mm
f. Mortar type: Mud
Upper Bed: 5 mm
Lower Bed: 5 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 7 10 1 1133.54 0.020
2 30 20 2 2267.08 0.040
3 45 30 3 3400.62 0.059
4 70 40 4 4534.16 0.079
5 110 50 5 5667.7 0.099
6 150 60 6 6801.24 0.119
7 180 60 6 6801.24 0.119
8 220 70 7 7934.78 0.139
8 260 70 7 7934.78 0.139
9 325 80 8 9068.32 0.159

n Unit wt of masonry 19.6 KN/m3
o Overburden pressure 0.058 N/mm2
p Corrected Shear strength 0.100 N/mm2
as per FEMA
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID
y

without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

2
Use = n = 11 Nos.
2
2
2
2
Total allowable tensile force per m strip = T= 1.25 fta A = 56.041 KN
2
Total allowable compressive force per m strip = C= 1.25 fca A = 46.295 KN
b) Allowable tensile stress of 600 mm wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing:
2
For 225 mm wall, Wall area per m strip = A = 600000 mm
2
Allowable tensile stress in 225 mm wall = ft = T/A = 0.093 N/ m
m
c) Capacity of 600 mm wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing for out of plane bending per m/strip:
(For two side jacketing)
2
(in Both direction)
Moment of
Resistance
Allowable Allowable of wall with
Jacketing Tensile Comp. Tensile stress Comp. stress jacketing
Option Wall Strength of Strength of wall with of wall with (In both
Th. jacketing of jacketing jacketing jacketing direction)
2 2
KN/m KN/m N/mm /per N/mm /per
mm strip/face strip/face face face KN-m/m
Retrofitting of 500 56.041 46.295 0.112 0.093 30.823
wall 600 56.041 46.295 0.093 0.077 36.427
with Tor Steel 650 56.041 46.295 0.086 0.071 39.229
(4.75 mm @ 100
mm c/c) 850 56.041 46.295 0.066 0.054 50.437

of plane bending):
Moments M11 in kNm/m (average)

Walls DL+ LL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL+ 0.7 DL-
X1 1 38.325 37.690 38.085 37.950 38.325
2 29.81 29.810 29.830 29.810 29.830
3 36.190 34.550 35.720 35.020 36.190
X2 1 33.950 34.895 34.410 34.940 34.940

2 43.05 42.6 42.950 42.730 43.050
3 45.270 45.82 45.475 45.610 45.820
Moments M11 in kNm/m (average)

Walls DL+ LL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL+ 0.7 DL-
Eqx Eqx Eqx Eqx Max.
Y1 1 4.950 5.640 4.910 5.375 5.640
2 4.655 9.530 9.625 9.580 9.625
3 11.620 11.350 11.225 11.235 11.620
Y5 1 12.525 12.900 12.630 12.815 12.900

2 5.705 5.700 5.700 5.700 5.705
3 12.550 11.490 12.570 12.675 12.675
M11 Retrofitting Option

Walls
KN/m Outer Face Inner Face
X1 1 38.325
2 29.830
c/c c/c
3 36.190
X2 1 34.940
2 43.050
c/c c/c
3 45.820
Walls
Y1 1 5.640
2 9.625
c/c c/c
3 11.620
0.000
Y5 1 12.900
2 5.705
c/c c/c
3 12.675
G. Design of vertical bands for vertical bending moment (Out of
plane bending):
Moments M22 (average)

Jacketing outer jacketing inner
DL+ 0.7 DL+
Walls 0.7 DL+
LL+ DL+ Max M22 LL+ Max. M22
EQy
EQy EQy EQy
kNm/
kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm kNm/m kNm/m m kNm
X1 PA1 27.200 25.675 27.200 27.200 PA1 16.605 18.450 18.450 18.450
PA2 28.425 28.245 28.425 28.425 PA2 27.635 27.665 27.665 27.665
PA3 15.530 15.065 15.530 15.530 PA3 13.970 14.510 14.510 14.510
PA4 15.530 15.065 15.530 15.530 PA4 13.970 14.510 14.510 14.510
PA5 28.425 28.245 28.425 28.425 PA5 27.635 27.665 27.665 27.665
PA6 27.200 25.675 27.200 27.200 PA6 16.605 18.450 18.450 18.450
X2 PB1 45.705 44.165 45.705 45.705 PB1 34.165 36.145 36.145 36.145
PB2 42.735 42.755 42.755 42.755 PB2 43.070 42.950 43.070 43.070
PB3 39.255 38.700 39.255 39.255 PB3 39.565 39.440 39.565 39.565
PB4 50.415 49.665 50.415 50.415 PB4 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000
PB5 50.415 49.665 50.415 50.415 PB5 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000
PB6 39.255 38.700 39.255 39.255 PB6 39.565 39.440 39.565 39.565
PB7 42.735 42.755 42.755 42.755 PB7 43.070 42.950 43.070 43.070
PB8 47.820 44.165 47.820 47.820 PB8 34.165 36.145 36.145 36.145
Walls Moments M22 (average)

Jacketing outer jacketing inner
DL+
0.7 DL+ DL+ LL+ 0.7 DL+
LL+ Max M22 Max. M22
Eqx Eqx Eqx
Eqx
kNm/ kNm/
kNm/m kNm/m kNm kNm/m kNm/m kNm
m m
Y1 PB1 29.800 25.900 29.800 29.800 PB1 10.510 16.100 16.100 16.100
Y2 PB2 9.650 8.475 9.650 9.650 PB2 7.570 7.750 7.750 7.750

Provide full jacketing of Tor steel on both of walls.

Annex 3/5/10
Walls
X1 PA1 18.450
PA2 27.665
PA3 14.510 Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 100 mm Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 100 mm
PA4 14.510 c/c c/c
PA5 27.665
PA6 18.450
X2 PB1 36.145
PB2 43.070
PB3 39.565
PB4 40.000 Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 100 mm Use Tor 4.75 mm @ 100 mm
PB5 40.000 c/c c/c
PB6 39.565
PB7 43.070
PB8 36.145

Walls
Y1 PB1 16.100 c/c c/c

Y2 PB2 7.750 c/c c/c
bending):
Vertical Stress S22 (max)

DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx 0.7DL+EQx 0.7DL-EQx Max.
Wall Stress Stress
2 2
2
X1: Tension 0.025 200 0.050 275 0.060 400 0.085 400 0.085
Pier
PA1 Compr. 0.354 1525 0.300 1300 0.240 1525 0.217 1200 0.354
X1: Tension 0.010 75 0.000 0 0.065 475 0.050 315 0.065
Pier
Compr. 0.275 3200 0.280 3200 0.195 3025 0.215 2975
PA2 0.280
X1: Tension 0.000 0 0.033 150 0.023 100 0.098 490 0.098
Pier
PA3 Compr. 0.426 2025 0.270 1875 0.300 2025 0.185 1575 0.426
X2: Tension 0.010 225 0.000 0 0.035 508 0.010 50 0.035

Pier
PA1 Compr. 0.180 2475 0.268 2475 0.111 2475 0.195 2475 0.268
X2: Tension 0.003 50 0.000 0 0.020 225 0.006 50 0.020
Pier
PA2 Compr. 0.199 1350 0.228 1350 0.127 1350 0.152 1350 0.228
X2: Tension 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.025 195 0.028 125 0.028
Pier
PA3 Compr. 0.201 1350 0.201 1350 0.125 1350 0.126 1350 0.201
X2: Tension 0.009 50 0.000 0 0.018 225 0.022 150 0.022
Pier
PA4 Compr. 0.095 1725 0.085 1725 0.073 1725 0.063 1725 0.095
Vertical Stress S22 (max)

DL+LL+Eqy DL+LL-Eqy 0.7DL+Eqy 0.7DL-Eqy Max.
Wall Stress Stress
2 2
N/mm mm N/mm mm N/mm2 mm N/mm
2
mm N/mm
2
Y1 Tension 0.115 1500 0.090 1030 0.120 2025 0.095 1300 0.120
Compr. 0.385 5625 0.480 5625 0.260 5125 0.332 5110 0.480
Y2 Tension 0.290 1030 0.130 515 0.340 1550 0.145 515 0.340
Compr. 0.211 1030 0.550 3915 0.177 2575 0.500 3610 0.550
Compr
2 2 2 2 2
X1 600 0.098 0.426 0.126 c/c(Both face) 0.187 0.154
X2 850 0.035 0.268 0.000 c/c(Both face) 0.132 0.109
Y1 650 0.120 0.480 0.180 c/c(Both face) 0.172 0.142
Y2 500 0.340 0.550 0.250 c/c(Both face) 0.224 0.185
2 numbers of 8 mm diameter bars on both face of the walls Y1 and Y2 suffice for deficit stress.

Text Text Text KN
∑ -856.387
Shear stress induced in wall: X1
2
2
2
2
Shear resistance due to horizontal bars

in both face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia
mesh with spacing of 100mm c/c
Dowel action due to vertical bars in

both face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia
mortar
2
2
2

2
F3 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 118.592 kN

Ft = F1+ F2
Total shear resistance = + F3 = 953.007 kN
2

shear
Length Thk. Openings Area Shear force wall Shear stress in wall
Walls L t lo A Fv fvi F1 F4 F5 Ft fvr Remark
2 2
m mm m m
2 kN N/mm kN kN kN kN N/mm
Hence
X1 23.30 600 6.2 10.26 856.39 0.083 430.92 403.50 118.44 952.86 0.093 OK
Hence
X2 23.30 850 7.2 13.69 1084.32 0.079 574.77 403.50 111.56 1089.82 0.080 OK
Hence
Y1 5.63 650 0 3.66 345.99 0.095 153.56 403.50 39.94 597.00 0.163 OK
Hence
Y2 5.63 500 1.2 2.21 355.03 0.160 92.93 403.50 31.68 528.10 0.239 OK
N
a A
n

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.
• Vertical Band: 2 numbers of 8 mm tor-steel bars at the edge/ corner of the wall on both
faces.

jacketing.
jacketing.
• Vertical Band: 2 numbers of 8 mm tor-steel bars at the edge/ corner of the wall on both
faces.

Annex 3/5/17
ANNEX 3 /6: Sample Design Calculations for Shree Adinath Secondary School,
Chobhar, Kathmandu
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V

masonry building

Annex 3/6/1
Protected masonry
building

earthquake.
EQx X 0.05 0.3 1 4416.891 1325.067
EQy Y 0.05 0.3 1 4416.891 1325.067

Test 1:
Date: 15-Feb-12
Building: Adinath Secondary School
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 230 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 60 mm
Annex 3/6/2
Upper
Bed: 15 mm
Lower
Bed: 12 mm
Height of wall
k. Shear test:
S.N Dial Gauge Pressure Pressure (P), Force (F),N Shear Stress,
2
Gauge N/mm2 N/mm
Reading =P*Jack
2
Reading (Bar) 10 bar= 1 N/mm Area = F/Contact Area
1 3 40 4 4534.16 0.079
1 12 50 5 5667.7 0.099
1 20 60 6 6801.24 0.119
2 33 70 7 7934.78 0.139
3 48 80 8 9068.32 0.159
4 70 80 8 9068.32 0.159
5 80 90 9 10201.86 0.178
6 110 90 9 10201.86 0.178
2
l. Shear Strength for Sample 0.178 N/mm
3
2
2
as per FEMA
Test 2:
Date: 15-Feb-12
Building: Adinath Secondary School
Test
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
2
b. Area: 1133.54 mm
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 220 mm
Breadth: 105 mm
Height: 60 mm

Annex 3/6/3
Upper Bed: 15 mm
Lower Bed: 12 mm
Height of wall
k. Shear test:
Pressure Pressure (P), Shear Stress,
S.N Dial Gauge Gauge N/mm2 Force (F),N N/mm2
Reading
2
Reading (Bar) 10 bar= 1 N/mm =P*Jack Area = F/Contact Area
1 0 100 10 11335.4 0.216
1 3 120 12 13602.48 0.259
1 5 140 14 15869.56 0.302
2 8 160 16 18136.64 0.345
3 13 180 18 20403.72 0.389
4 16 190 19 21537.26 0.410
2 19 200 20 22670.8 0.432
3 22 220 22 24937.88 0.475
4 30 240 24 27204.96 0.518
2 42 270 27 30605.58 0.583
3 60 310 31 35139.74 0.669
4 68 320 32 36273.28 0.691
5 120 340 34 38540.36 0.734

as per FEMA

Annex 3/6/4
z
y
x
X and Y Wall ID

Annex 3/6/5
without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

2
Use = n = 7 Nos.
2
2
2
2
strip = T= 1.25 fta A = 35.663 KN
2
Annex 3/6/6

2
2

2 2
Option 1:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 150 350 35.663 29.460 0.102 0.084 14.265
mm c/c)
Option 2:
with Tor Steel
(4.75 mm @ 300 350 20.379 16.835 0.058 0.048 8.151
mm c/c)

Annex 3/6/7
2
2

mm KN KN KNm
225 33.997 28.085 9.349
8 and 1-4.75 mm
dia. in 300mm wide
350 33.997 28.085 13.599
band

Annex 3/6/8
X1 1 0.345 0.710 0.530 0.985 0.985
2 0.44 0.935 0.915 1.665 1.665
3 0.880 2.935 2.900 5.335 5.335
4 0.835 0.820 1.105 1.500 1.500
X2 1 0.610 0.565 0.615 0.620 0.620
2 0.505 0.5 0.495 0.480 0.505
3 1.072 1.075 1.060 1.060 1.075
4 0.270 0.265 0.270 0.280 0.280
X3 1 0.490 1.100 0.385 0.820 1.100
2 0.950 1.735 0.445 1.010 1.735
3 2.880 5.35 0.550 2.950 5.350
4 1.090 1.500 0.725 0.495 1.500

Y1 1 0.330 0.490 0.400 0.430 0.490
2 0.530 0.685 0.375 0.445 0.685
3 0.405 1.165 0.470 1.225 1.225
4 0.600 0.365 1.650 1.530 1.650
Y2 1 0.830 0.970 0.550 0.410 0.970
2 0.350 0.285 0.620 0.905 0.905
3 0.940 1.300 0.640 1.005 1.300
4 0.200 0.270 0.075 0.155 0.270
Y4 1 0.450 0.550 0.260 0.375 0.550
2 0.430 0.500 0.290 0.355 0.500
3 0.820 1.500 0.420 0.975 1.500
4 1.300 1.700 0.500 0.460 1.700


Annex 3/6/9




350mm thk. wall
capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall

Annex
Wall
X2 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
1 225 0.950 0.620 0.589 dia. in 300mm wide mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 1.225 0.505 0.619
capacities 9.35 kNm in moment capacities 9.35
3 225 1.175 1.075 1.263 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 225mm thk.
kNm in 350mm thk. wall wall and 13.6 kNm in
4 225 1.350 0.280 0.378 350mm thk. wall
Y1 1 225 0.950 0.490 0.466 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
wall with Tor Steel (4.75 mm mm dia. in 300mm wide
Y2 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
1 225 0.950 0.970 0.922 Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm mm dia. in 300mm wide
2 225 1.225 0.905 1.109 dia. in 300mm wide horizontal band with
horizontal band with moment moment capacities 9.35
3 225 1.175 1.300 1.528 capacities 9.35 kNm in kNm in 225mm thk.
225mm thk. wall and 13.6 wall and 13.6 kNm in
4 225 1.350 0.270 0.365 kNm in 350mm thk. wall 350mm thk. wall
Y4 Use Option 2: Retrofitting of Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75
5.604 kNm/m in 225mm thk. kNm in 225mm thk.
3 350 1.175 1.500 1.763

Also provide horizontal bands at floor levels.
Annex
Width
1 5.300 4.500 7.050 7.800 7.800 0.600 4.680
X1
2 2.750 2.050 3.700 4.300 4.300 1.125 4.838
3 2.000 3.650 3.250 4.300 4.300 1.300 5.590
4 1.900 2.300 3.600 5.000 5.000 1.300 6.500
5 1.900 2.150 3.670 5.150 5.150 1.300 6.695
6 2.000 3.800 3.250 4.200 4.200 1.300 5.460
7 2.850 2.450 3.900 4.500 4.500 1.188 5.346
8 6.650 6.000 7.515 9.300 9.300 0.663 6.166
9 6.800 6.250 8.570 8.900 8.900 0.663 5.901
10 3.300 3.350 3.700 3.450 3.700 1.188 4.396
11 2.650 2.400 2.700 2.900 2.900 1.300 3.770
12 2.550 2.800 3.000 4.350 4.350 1.300 5.655
13 2.550 4.550 3.000 4.350 4.550 1.300 5.915
14 2.600 4.350 2.800 4.500 4.500 1.300 5.850
15 3.100 2.950 3.300 3.600 3.600 1.125 4.050
16 5.500 4.750 7.000 7.850 7.850 0.600 4.710
X2 1 2.220 2.245 2.290 2.275 2.290 1.097 2.512
2 1.200 1.220 1.260 1.245 1.260 2.194 2.764
3 1.325 1.305 1.330 1.340 1.340 2.194 2.940
4 1.600 1.585 1.525 1.630 1.630 2.194 3.576
5 2.175 2.445 2.085 2.200 2.445 1.097 2.682
6 2.175 2.455 2.085 2.150 2.455 1.097 2.693
7 1.610 1.555 1.535 1.605 1.610 2.194 3.532
8 1.300 1.285 1.380 1.425 1.425 2.194 3.126
9 1.255 1.225 1.300 1.325 1.325 2.194 2.907
10 2.315 2.275 2.360 2.390 2.390 1.097 2.622
X3 1 7.040 7.770 5.350 4.650 7.770 0.600 4.662
2 3.710 4.335 2.800 2.200 4.335 1.125 4.877
3 3.210 4.235 2.000 3.650 4.235 1.300 5.506
4 3.650 4.950 1.900 3.550 4.950 1.300 6.435
5 3.670 5.100 1.900 3.650 5.100 1.300 6.630
6 3.295 4.375 2.000 3.800 4.375 1.300 5.688
7 3.695 4.375 2.800 2.200 4.375 1.188 5.198
8 8.220 8.970 6.600 5.950 8.970 0.663 5.947
9 8.400 9.075 6.750 6.150 9.075 0.663 6.017
10 3.850 4.450 3.000 2.450 4.450 1.188 5.287
11 3.250 4.250 2.100 2.600 4.250 1.300 5.525
12 3.650 4.950 2.000 3.150 4.950 1.300 6.435
13 3.660 5.000 2.000 3.100 5.000 1.300 6.500
14 3.325 4.350 2.050 4.900 4.900 1.300 6.370
15 3.740 4.300 2.750 2.150 4.300 1.125 4.838
16 7.105 7.200 5.350 4.700 7.200 0.600 4.320

Annex
Width
Y1 1 2.450 1.650 4.200 4.950 4.950 0.650 3.218
2 1.450 0.950 2.300 2.800 2.800 1.325 3.710
3 1.750 1.100 2.750 3.350 3.350 1.475 4.941
4 3.300 2.250 5.250 6.250 6.250 0.800 5.000
5 3.250 2.300 5.200 6.150 6.150 0.800 4.920
6 1.700 1.150 2.700 3.250 3.250 1.475 4.794
7 1.450 0.950 2.400 2.850 2.850 1.325 3.776
8 2.400 1.650 4.250 5.000 5.000 0.650 3.250
Y2 1 1.550 1.800 1.000 0.850 1.800 0.809 1.456
2 1.050 1.250 0.750 1.950 1.950 1.544 3.011
3 1.050 1.350 0.750 0.950 1.350 1.784 2.408
4 1.100 1.400 0.750 0.750 1.400 1.784 2.498
5 1.100 1.350 0.800 2.000 2.000 1.544 3.088
6 1.550 1.850 1.050 0.950 1.850 0.809 1.497
Y5 1 4.350 5.050 2.550 2.800 5.050 0.650 3.283
2 2.250 2.400 1.750 1.450 2.400 1.325 3.180
3 2.600 2.650 1.950 1.700 2.650 1.475 3.909
4 5.250 5.900 3.300 2.500 5.900 0.800 4.720
5 5.200 5.850 3.350 2.500 5.850 0.800 4.680
6 2.550 2.600 2.000 1.700 2.600 1.475 3.835
7 2.100 2.300 1.750 1.550 2.300 1.325 3.048
8 4.150 4.850 2.500 1.850 4.850 0.650 3.153



Annex
350mm thk. wall.
For inner face, Use 2-8mm and 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical band with moment
capacities 9.35 kNm in 225mm thk. wall and 13.6 kNm in 350mm thk. Wall.

Thk. M22 (max.)
mm kNm/m kNm
X1 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 9.300 6.695
X2 moment capacities 9.35 kNm in band with moment capacities
225 2.455 3.576
Wall
X3 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 9.075 6.630
Y1 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 6.250 5.000
Y2 300mm wide vertical band with dia. in 300mm wide vertical
225 2.000 3.088
Wall
Y4 with Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 dia. in 300mm wide vertical
350 5.900 4.720

Annex
bending):

2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.125 517 0.120 517 0.200 517 0.190 517 0.200 517
Comp. 0.210 1440 0.210 1440 0.290 1440 0.295 1440 0.295 1440
X2 Tension 0.140 960 0.136 865 0.065 385 0.055 385 0.140 960
Comp. 0.330 2190 0.320 2190 0.415 2190 0.400 2190 0.415 2190
X3 Tension 0.125 517 0.120 517 0.200 517 0.190 517 0.200 517
Comp. 0.200 1440 0.200 1440 0.270 1440 0.270 1440 0.270 1440

2 2 2 2 2
Y1 Tension 0.195 786 0.195 786 0.205 786 0.205 786 0.205 786
Comp. 0.275 1525 0.275 1525 0.350 1525 0.355 1525 0.355 1525
Y2 Tension 0.350 1265 0.350 1260 0.305 1265 0.310 1260 0.350 1265
Comp. 0.485 1625 0.490 1625 0.550 1625 0.565 1625 0.565 1625
Y4 Tension 0.180 786 0.185 786 0.170 786 0.180 786 0.185 786
Comp. 0.275 1525 0.275 1525 0.350 1525 0.365 1525 0.365 1525

Outer face:
2 2
2 2
350mm
Inner face:
• Walls Y2,Y3:

Annex
Check for Wall X1:
2
2
2

2
Hence OK
Check for Wall X2:

Splint is sufficient, hence OK
2
2
2
Comp. strength of two bands = 56.170 kN
Splints not sufficient, replace the splint with 2-10 and 1-8 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical
band with tensile strength 59.612 KN and compressive strength of 49.244KN near the door
Check for Wall X3:

2
2
2

Annex
2
Hence OK
Check for Wall Y1:

2
2
2
2
2
2
Check for Wall Y2:

Splints not sufficient, replace the splint with 2-10 and 1-8 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical
band with tensile strength 59.612 KN and compressive strength of 49.244KN near the door.
2
2
2
Hence OK
In walls Y3, use same retrofitting as in wall Y2.
Check for Wall Y4:

Annex
2
2
2
2
2

Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.115 1248 0.115 1248 0.125 1248 0.130 1248 0.130 1248
X3 Tension 0.115 1248 0.115 1248 0.130 1248 0.125 1248 0.130 1248

Stress Stress
2 2
2
mm
Y1 Tension 0.115 1248 0.115 1248 0.125 1248 0.130 1248 0.130 1248
Y4 Tension 0.115 1248 0.115 1248 0.130 1248 0.125 1248 0.130 1248

350mm wall:
2
2
2
225mm wall:
2
N/mm
2

Annex
Check for Wall X1:

Check for Wall X2:

Additional stress f' 0.013
Check for Wall Y1:

Check for Wall Y4:

Text Text Text KN
Annex
-390.909
Check for Wall X1:

2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 73.617 kN

2

Annex

of 150mm c/c:
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 57.917 kN

2

Annex

2 2
m mm m m
X1 19.900 350 7.500 4.340 390.909 0.090 247.901 73.617 101.992 61.136 57.845 542.490 0.125 Hence OK
X2 19.900 225 1.200 4.208 500.414 0.119 240.332 105.887 203.984 550.203 0.131 Hence OK
X3 19.900 350 7.500 4.340 388.72 0.090 247.901 73.617 101.992 61.136 57.845 542.490 0.125 Hence OK
Y1 9.200 350 2.400 2.380 359.057 0.151 135.946 36.808 101.992 61.136 31.677 367.559 0.154 Hence OK
Y2 9.200 225 1.800 1.665 249.332 0.150 95.105 69.079 203.984 368.167 0.221 Hence OK
Y3 9.200 225 1.800 1.665 249.478 0.150 95.105 69.079 203.984 368.167 0.221 Hence OK
Y4 9.200 350 2.400 2.380 367.678 0.154 135.946 36.808 101.992 61.136 31.677 367.559 0.154 Hence OK
N
a A
n
2
2
2
2
outer face,
2
2
2

2 2 2 2 2 2
X1 0.057 0.125 0.068 166 3870.44 803.117 19.900 350 0.115 Hence OK
X2 0.057 0.131 0.074 166 2437.88 505.859 19.900 225 0.113 Hence OK
X3 0.057 0.125 0.068 166 3870.44 803.117 19.900 350 0.115 Hence OK
Y1 0.057 0.154 0.097 166 1859.82 385.913 9.200 350 0.120 Hence OK
Y2 0.057 0.221 0.164 166 2035.75 422.419 9.200 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y3 0.057 0.221 0.164 166 2035.75 422.419 9.200 225 0.204 Hence OK
Y4 0.057 0.154 0.097 166 1859.82 385.913 9.200 350 0.120 Hence OK

Annex
outer face jacketing.
and at floor levels.
outer faces.
2-10 mm dia.+ 1-8 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical strips near doors in inner and outer
faces.
• Horizontal bands: 2-8 mm dia.+ 1-4.75 mm dia. in 300 mm lintel and sill bands in inner and
outer faces and at floor levels.
• Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm and 10mm dia. bars of splints through slab.

Annex
Wall Y1, Design summary Wall Y4, Design summary
Continue all 8mm dia. bars of splints through slab

Annex
Wall Y2, Y3 Design summary
and outer faces.
2-10 mm dia.+ 1-8 mm dia. in 300mm wide vertical strips near doors in inner and outer
faces.
and outer faces and at floor levels.
• Wall-slab connection: Continue all 8mm and 10mm dia. bars of splints through slab.

Annex
ANNEX 3 /7: Sample Design Calculations for Pashupati Mitra Secondary
School, Chabahil, Kathmandu
mesh on both faces of the walls of the building)
3
3
2
2
2

Seismic zone Zone V

masonry building


Annex 3/7/1
Seismic zone kathmandu valley

Protected masonry
building

earthquake.

EX X 0 0.3 1 3267.908 980.372
EY Y 0 0.3 1 3267.908 980.372

Test 1:
24-Feb-
Date: 12
Building: Pashupati Mitra Ma Vi
Test
Location: Ground floor North side wall of south wing
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:

Annex 3/7/2
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 235 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 60 mm
Upper Bed: 12 mm
Lower Bed: 15 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 0 100 10 11335.4 0.194
1 2 120 12 13602.48 0.233
1 4 130 13 14736.02 0.253
2 9 140 14 15869.56 0.272
3 13 150 15 17003.1 0.292
4 25 160 16 18136.64 0.311
1 80 170 17 19270.18 0.331
2 118 170 17 19270.18 0.331
3 125 180 18 20403.72 0.350
4 210 190 19 21537.26 0.369
2 255 200 20 22670.8 0.389
3 350 220 22 24937.88 0.428

as per FEMA
Test 2:
24-Feb-
Date: 12
Building: Pashupati Mitra Ma Vi
Test
Location: First Floor west wall
a. Jack dia: 38 mm
b. Area: 1133.54 mm2
c. Brick Type:
d. Size of Brick:
Length: 200 mm
Breadth: 110 mm
Height: 60 mm
Upper Bed: 12 mm
Lower Bed: 18 mm
Height of wall
Shear
k. test:
Dial Pressure
=P*Jack
1 0 40 4 4534.16 0.090
1 2 50 5 5667.7 0.112
1 5 60 6 6801.24 0.134
2 8 70 7 7934.78 0.157
3 15 80 8 9068.32 0.179
4 24 90 9 10201.86 0.202
1 30 100 10 11335.4 0.224
2 38 110 11 12468.94 0.246
3 52 120 12 13602.48 0.269
2 65 130 13 14736.02 0.291
3 80 140 14 15869.56 0.314
4 108 150 15 17003.1 0.336
1 140 160 16 18136.64 0.358
2 210 170 17 19270.18 0.381
3 240 180 18 20403.72 0.403
4 325 190 19 21537.26 0.426

as per FEMA
z
y
X and Y Wall ID
y
x
without collapse.
o DL
o LL
o EQ
o DL+LL
o 0.7DL+EQx
o 0.7DL-EQx
o 0.7DL+EQy
o 0.7DL-EQy
o DL+LL+EQx
o DL+LL-EQx
o DL+LL+EQy
o DL+LL-EQy

2
Use = n = 8 Nos.
2
2
2
2
T= 1.25 fta
Total allowable tensile force per m strip = A = 40.757 KN
2
C= 1.25 fca
Total allowable comp. force per m strip = A = 33.669 KN
b) Allowable tensile stress of 350 mm wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing:
2
c) Capacity of 350 mm wall with Tor

Steel mesh jacketing for out of plane

2
(in Both direction)
Allowable Moment
Tensile Comp. Allowable Comp. of
Wall Strength Strength Tensile stress stress Resistance
Thk. of of of wall of wall of wall
Jacketing Option jacketing jacketing with jacketing with with
jacketing jacketing
2
KN/m KN/m N/mm2/ N/mm /
mm KN-m/m
strip/face strip/face per face per face
Option 1: Retrofitting of wall with 225 35.663 29.460 0.159 0.131 9.807
Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 140 mm
c/c) 350 40.757 33.669 0.116 0.096 16.303
Option 2: Retrofitting of wall with 225 20.379 16.835 0.091 0.075 5.604
Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 250 mm
c/c) 350 25.473 21.043 0.073 0.060 10.189
of plane bending):
Walls Moments M11 in kNm/m (maximum)
DL+ LL+ DL+ LL- 0.7 DL+ 0.7 DL-
Y1: A 1 1.3 2.280 1.740 1.980 2.280
2 2.35 3.330 1.120 1.940 3.330
3 2.380 3.550 2.340 3.180 3.550
Y1: B 1 2.380 3.550 2.340 3.180 3.550
2 2.51 3.650 1.000 2.110 3.650
3 2.030 2.350 2.140 2.090 2.350
Y2 A 1 1.860 1.88 2.220 1.980 2.220

2 2.35 1.46 1.460 0.790 2.350
3 3.370 1.99 3.050 2.130 3.370
Y2: B 1 3.370 1.99 3.050 2.130 3.370
2 3.440 1.93 2.130 0.820 3.440
3 2.35 1.93 2.040 2.050 2.350
X1 1 1.860 1.820 1.240 1.490 1.860

2 0.860 0.920 0.605 0.700 0.920
3 1.670 1.990 1.180 1.590 1.990
X2 1 0.220 1.640 1.150 1.630 1.640

2 0.540 0.553 0.552 0.553 0.553
3 1.030 1.320 1.570 1.420 1.570
X3 1 1.880 1.950 1.170 1.290 1.950

2 0.925 0.894 0.720 0.604 0.925
3 2.250 1.620 1.624 1.300 2.250
Th. Retrofitting Option

Walls (mm) Outer Face Inner Face
Y1 350 c/c c/c
Y2 350 c/c c/c
X1 350 c/c c/c
X2 350 c/c c/c
X3 350 c/c c/c
G. Design of vertical bands for vertical bending moment (Out of
plane bending):
Moments M22 (max)

DL+ DL+
Walls LL 0.7 DL LL 0.7 DL
+ EQy M22 + EQy M22 M22max - EQy M22 - EQy M22 M22max
kNm/m KN/m kNm/m KN/m kNm/m KN/m kNm/m KN/m
Y1 PA1 4.355 4.355 5.130 5.130 5.130 7.755 7.755 6.975 6.975 7.755
PA2 6.515 6.515 3.700 3.700 6.515 6.840 6.840 3.835 3.835 6.840
PA3 6.255 6.255 3.800 3.800 6.255 6.755 6.755 4.365 4.365 6.755
PA4 5.300 5.300 6.120 6.120 6.120 8.725 8.725 7.940 7.940 8.725
PA5 6.385 6.385 3.880 3.880 6.385 7.085 7.085 4.950 4.950 7.085
PA6 7.500 7.500 3.910 3.910 7.500 6.750 6.750 4.380 4.380 6.750
PA7 5.920 5.920 6.495 6.495 6.495 8.560 8.560 7.985 7.985 8.560
Y2 PB1 6.910 6.910 6.875 6.875 6.910 5.345 5.345 5.880 5.880 5.880
PB2 7.135 7.135 4.745 4.745 7.135 4.070 4.070 1.850 1.850 4.070
PB3 6.730 6.730 4.455 4.455 6.730 3.765 3.765 1.610 1.610 3.765
PB4 8.900 8.900 8.140 8.140 8.900 5.830 5.830 6.555 6.555 6.555
PB5 6.765 6.765 4.485 4.485 6.765 4.480 4.480 2.355 2.355 4.480
PB6 9.940 9.940 8.595 8.595 9.940 4.690 4.690 6.070 6.070 6.070
X1 4.650 4.650 3.400 3.400 4.650 6.690 6.690 5.740 5.740 6.690
X2 4.875 4.875 4.695 4.695 4.875 4.130 4.130 4.320 4.320 4.320
X3 7.230 7.230 6.340 6.340 7.230 3.290 3.290 4.185 4.185 4.185

Provide full jacketing of Tor steel on both of walls.
Th. Retrofitting Option
Walls (mm) Outer Face Inner Face
Y1 350 c/c c/c
Y2 350 c/c c/c
X1 350 c/c c/c
X2 350 c/c c/c

Annex
X3 350 c/c c/c

bending):
VerticalStress S22
DL+LL+Eqy DL+LL-Eqy 0.7DL+Eqy 0.7DL-Eqy Max.
Wall Stress
Stress Stress Stress Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
Y1: Tension 0.050 0.052 0.073 0.050
PA1 0.073
Compression 0.165 0.185 0.144 0.158 0.185
Y1: Tension 0.189 0.144 0.134 0.095
PA2 0.189
Compression 0.215 0.228 0.186 0.195 0.228
Y1: Tension 0.165 0.193 0.114 0.137
PA3 0.193
Compression 0.230 0.230 0.193 0.199 0.230
Y1: Tension 0.089 0.095 0.087 0.090
PA4 0.095
Compression 0.232 0.234 0.198 0.193 0.234
Y1: Tension 0.173 0.186 0.124 0.134
PA5 0.186
Compression 0.222 0.230 0.192 0.197 0.230
Y1: Tension 0.145 0.194 0.094 0.135
PA6 0.194
Compression 0.240 0.205 0.205 0.177 0.240
Y1: Tension 0.055 0.057 0.043 0.066
PA7 0.066
Compression 0.194 0.155 0.162 0.134 0.194
Y2: Tension 0.020 0.076 0.050 0.088 0.088

PB1
Compression 0.252 0.172 0.211 0.138 0.252
Y2: Tension 0.084 0.175 0.083 0.133 0.175
PB2
Compression 0.295 0.280 0.238 0.215 0.295
Y2: Tension 0.198 0.163 0.165 0.125 0.198
PB3
Compression 0.117 0.120 0.088 0.143 0.143
Y2: Tension 0.093 0.052 0.148 0.074 0.148
PB4
Compression 0.283 0.375 0.225 0.320 0.375
Y2: Tension 0.230 0.132 0.186 0.109 0.230
PB5
Compression 0.298 0.274 0.258 0.222 0.298
Y2: Tension 0.177 0.165 0.184 0.128 0.184
PB6
Compression 0.206 0.292 0.360 0.285 0.360
Annex
VerticalStress S22 (max)
0.7DL-
DL+LL+EQx DL+LL-EQx 0.7DL+EQx Max.
Wall Stress EQx
Stress
Stress Stress Stress Stress
2 2 2 2 2
X1 Tension 0.152 0.152 0.164 0.168 0.168
Compression 0.255 0.229 0.237 0.228 0.255
X2 Tension 0.081 0.061 0.120 0.114 0.120

Compression 0.321 0.285 0.263 0.246 0.321
X3 Tension 0.185 0.170 0.196 0.187 0.196

Compression 0.265 0.260 0.248 0.249 0.265
Compr
2 2 2 2 2
Y1 350 0.194 0.240 0.000 c/c(Both face) 0.233 0.192
Y2 350 0.230 0.375 0.075 c/c(Both face) 0.233 0.192
X1 350 0.168 0.255 0.000 c/c(Both face) 0.233 0.192
X2 350 0.120 0.321 0.021 c/c(Both face) 0.233 0.192
X3 350 0.196 0.265 0.000 c/c(Both face) 0.233 0.192
Wall Y1, Ground storey
Text Text Text KN
1 EY LinStatic -9.107
23 EY LinStatic -6
Σ -448.443
Shear stress induced in wall: Y1

2
Average shear stress in wall = fvi= Fv * A = 0.112 N/m m2
2
2
{Ref, Miha Tomazevic, Earthquake
resistant design of masonry buildings}
mortar
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 N(n1 d1 + n2 d22 )√(fc fs)] = 0.000 kN
Shear resistance due to direct tension in the horizontal

band:
2
Shear resistance due to horizontal bars

in both face jacketing with 4.75 mm dia
kN/mstrip/fac
Shear resistance due to one face jacketing = Fvj = 50.940 e
Dowel action due to vertical bars in

both face
jacketing with 4.75 mm dia mesh with
spacing of 250mm c/c
mortar
2
2
2
2
F2 = 1.25[ 0.806 (n d )√(fc fs)] = 79.291 kN
Ft = F1+ F2
+ F3+
Total shear resistance = F4+F5 = 840.400 kN
2

shear
Shear force
Walls Remark
L t lo A Fv fvi F1 F4 F5 Ft fvr fvi
2 2 2
m mm m m
2 kN N/mm kN kN kN kN N/mm N/mm
Hence
Y1 17.73 350 6.3 4.00 448.44 0.112 602.93 157.91 79.88 840.73 0.210 0.112 OK
Hence
Y2 17.73 350 5.4 4.31 488.90 0.113 650.43 157.91 86.08 894.42 0.207 0.113 OK
Hence
X1 4.55 350 0 1.59 317.24 0.199 240.12 157.91 32.37 430.40 0.270 0.199 OK
Hence
X2 4.55 350 0 1.59 303.99 0.191 240.12 157.91 32.37 430.40 0.270 0.191 OK
Hence
X3 4.55 350 0 1.59 258.53 0.162 240.12 157.91 32.37 430.40 0.270 0.162 OK
N
a A
n
J. Check for the Diaphragm Action due to connectivity of slab and
wall
Check for the diaphragm action due to connectivity in slab and wall
The shear stress of wall and slab
interface
2
(from shear test) = fvt = 0.151 N/mm
Shear strength of the wall after
2
retrofitting = fv = 0.210 N/mm
As earthquake force can be higher than
the design level earthquake,
the interface must be stronger than the
wall for full load transfer from
diaphragm to wall.
2
2
2
2
2

Annex
fvt fv fvi fvs Ast Fvr L t A fvr Remark

Wall
2 2 2 2 2 2
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm mm kN m mm m
2 N/mm
Hence
Y1 0.151 0.210 0.059 166 4021.24 834.407 17.725 350 6.204 0.135 OK
Hence
Y2 0.151 0.207 0.057 166 4021.24 834.407 17.725 350 6.204 0.135 OK
Hence
X1 0.151 0.270 0.119 166 1105.84 229.462 4.550 350 1.593 0.144 OK
Hence
X2 0.151 0.270 0.119 166 1105.84 229.462 4.550 350 1.593 0.144 OK
Hence
X3 0.151 0.270 0.119 166 1105.84 229.462 4.550 350 1.593 0.144 OK

Annex
K. Conclusion and recommendations for retrofitting of walls

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

jacketing.
jacketing.

Annex

Annex3 Design Report of 7schoolsword

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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit Design of 7School Buildings in Kathmandu

B. Calculation of base shear

Seismic zone Zone V

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Hence the base shear coefficient is taken as 0.3

C. Shear Test & Result:

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

D. Numerical Modeling and outputs:

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

ii. Modeling features of Retrofitted Building:

a) Allowable Tensile capacity of Tor Steel (4.75 mm @ 150 mm c/c):

Total allowable comp. force per m strip = C= 1.25 fca A = 29.460 KN

b) Allowable tensile stress of 9” wall with Tor Steel mesh jacketing:

Jacketing Option Wall Tensile Comp. Allowable Allowable Moment of

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Splint and bandage Wall Tensile Strength Comp. Strength Moment of

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

F. Design for horizontal bending moment (Out of plane bending):

Walls Moments M11 in kNm/m (average)

Walls Moments M11 in kNm/m (average)

ii. Retrofit design of walls :

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Design output of all walls:

Y2 1 225 0.925 2.400 2.220

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

G. Design for vertical bending moment (Out of plane bending):

Walls Moments M22 in kNm/m (average)

Walls Moments M22 in kNm/m (average) M22

ii. Retrofit design of walls :

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Design output of all walls:

In walls Y3 , Y4 and Y5, use same retrofitting options as for Y2.

H. Design for tensile and compressive stress in wall (In plane

Wall Stress Vertical Stress S22 (average)

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Wall VerticalStress S22 (average)

ii. Retrofit design of walls :

• Walls Y2,Y3, Y4 and Y5:

Check for Wall X1:

Compressive stress = fc = 0.300 N/mm 2

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Check for Wall Y1:

Tensile stress = ft = 0.055 N/mm 2

In walls Y3, Y4 and Y5, use same retrofitting as in wall Y2.

iii. Design for Principal stress Smax:

Capacity of bandages in diagonal direction:

Tensile strength (horizontal) = fta,h = 33.997 kN

Check for Wall X1:

Check for Wall X2:

TABLE: Joint Reactions

iii. Retrofit design of walls :

Check for Wall X1:

Dowel action of bar in vertical band :

Shear resistance due to direct tension in the horizontal bar:

Nos of horizontal band = N = 0 nos.

Check for total shear capacity of wall:

Total shear resistance = Ft = F1+ F2+ F3+ F4+F5 = 1369.960 kN

Design output of all walls:

Walls Shear force in Remark

Design output of all walls:

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Wall X2, Design summary

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal

Wall Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 Design summary