PREFACE

"My project provides complete information

on the topic "Laser Security Alarm System "
and maximum efforts have been taken to
make the project more comprehensive and
lucid to understand. My project covers a
variety of sub topics like It's working, setup,
uses in life and different aspects of Laser
Security Alarm System. One may notice a
perceptible change in written in an easy
dialogue style engaging the readers constantly
and included with more informatics
comments. I assure you to go through this
project thoroughly to know a bit more and
facts about Laser Security Alarm System.
 INDEX

• Introduction.

• Components/Material Required.

• Circuit Diagram.

• Experimental Setup.

• Working.

• Uses of Laser Security Alarm System.

• Advantages of Laser Security Alarm System.

• Conclusion.

• BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Material Required
(1) Printed circuit board
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and
electrically connects electronic components using
conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from
copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
Components – capacitors, resistors or active devices – are
generally soldered on
the PCB. Advanced PCBs may contain components
embedded in the substrate.

2) LDR

A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor

(LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled variable
resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor
decreases with increasing incident light intensity;
in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity
 3)Resistor

A resistor is an electrical component that

limits or regulates the flow of electrical current
in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be
used to provide a specific voltage for an active
device such as a transistor.

4)NPN Transistor

NPN is one of the two types of bipolar

transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped
semiconductor (the "base") between two N-
doped layers. A small current entering the base
is amplified to produce a large collector and
emitter current.
`
5)Laser Pointer
A laser pointer or laser pen is a small
handheld device with a power source(usually
a battery) and a laser diode emitting a very
narrow coherent low-powered laser beam of
visible light ,intended to be used to highlight
something of interest by illuminating it with a
small bright spot of colored light.
6) LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a
semiconductor device that emits visible
light when an electric current passes
through it.

7) Battery
A container consisting of one or more cells,
in which chemical energy is converted into
electricity and used as a source of power.
8) Wire: Metal drawn out into the form of a
thin flexible thread rod. That connects
different components in a circuit.

9) Buzzer: An electrical device that makes a

buzzing noise and is used for signalling.

10) Battery Clip: It is the thing with two

studs on it, it provides an electrical connection
to the battery.
11) CAPACITOR : A device used to store an
electric charge, consisting of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.
INTRODUCTION
Security is a most important factor
today.Technology develops day by day in
the world.The crime gang also improves
their technology to perform their
operation.

So technology of security should be

modern with time to protect the crime
works. We decide to make a security
project as our project. In this project
we have used laser light to cover a large
area.

We know laser light goes through long

distance without scattering effect. It’s
also visible only at source and incident
point, otherwise invisible.
These two properties help us to build up a
modern security system ,which may
name as “laser security”.

When any person or object crossover the

laser line the security alarm will ring and
also the focus light will “on” to focus the
entrance of unauthorized person. We can
make a security boundary of single laser
light by using mirror at every corner for
reflection.
Circuit Diagram
Experimental Setup

1) Connect a photocell to a 5K resistor.

This will pick up the laser light and
enable the alarm.

2) Use a 2N7000 transistor to link the

resistor, a 1uF 63v capacitor, a
5v siren and a 9v battery clip. The
attached schematic should
demonstrate how the parts come
together. Use an breadboard to
hold them in place and make sure the
board is small enough to fit
into a project box. Do not connect
the battery yet.
3) Use tape, glue, or strips of velcro to
mount the two project boxes on either
side of the door you wish to protect.

4) Connect a 9v battery to the first

project box and replace it in the
exact position is was in.

5) Turn the laser on with the toggle

switch and make sure it lines up
perfectly with the photo cell. The
alarm is now activated. If anything
breaks the beam, the siren will go
off.
 WORKING
1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended
Resistor), a variable resistor in which the
resistance varies according to the light
intensity falling on it.
2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential
divider network, which is the main part of
our security alarm circuit.
3) We have already discussed about how
transistor acts as a switch, the same principle
is used here.
4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to
drive the transistor switch. When the voltage
drop is above cut in voltage (0.6V), the
transistor is turned ON.
5) LDR has low resistance (mΩ range) in the
presence of light and high resistance (MΩ
range) in the absence of light.
6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed
to fall on the LDR continuously using 3 mirrors
(see the project arrangement figure).
7) Light from other sources should not be allowed
to fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in a box
with a single hole to pass LASER.
8) In this situation, the resistance offered by
LDR is too low, since the LASER light is
continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also
low [V=IR (Ohm’s law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the
transistor remains in OFF state.
10) When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to
the continuous flow of LASER beam, then the
light falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its
resistance increases to a high value in the
order of MΩ range (According to Ohm’s law
V=IR).
11) While resistance increases the voltage drop
also increases, when this voltage drop exceeds
the cut in voltage of the silicon NPN transistor
(2N7000), it will turn ON.
12) Then current from Vcc starts flowing to
ground via the buzzer and transistor, which
makes the beep sound.
13) The beep sound from the security alarm gives
the indication of some security failures.
 Uses Of Laser
Security Alarm System
1) Laser Security System Locks
Working : Laser door alarm is based on
the interruption of Laser beam. The laser
pointer is used as the source of light
beam.
• If somebody tries to break the laser
path, then an alarm will be generated in a
few seconds. Normally laser door alarm
circuit will have two sections.
• First one, laser transmitter is a laser
pointer readily available. This is
powered with 3 volt DC supply and fixed
on one side of the door frame.
• The receiver will have a Photo transistor
at the front end. We use 2N7000
 NPN Darlington photo transistor as a
laser sensor.

• Here IC1 is used as a voltage comparator

with its inverting input tied to a potential
divider R2-R3. We use the inverting
input to keep at half supply voltage.

2) Laser System : Laser technology

products will calculate distance by
measuring the time of flight of very
short pulses of infrared light. It is
different from the traditional surveying
instrument method of measuring
 phase shifts by comparing the incoming
wavelength with the phase of the
outgoing light pulse.
• Solid objects will reflect back a certain
percentage of the emitted light energy.
It only needs to be a small percentage
for our sensitive detector to pick it. We
can measure the time it takes for a
laser pulse to travel to the target and
back with a reflection. By knowing the
constant speed of light

we can calculate the distance traveled.

It calculate accurate area of house and
protects it from thiefs .
3) Theft Detection by Laser Sytem:
It can be designed as a simple electronic
project for demonstration in science
exhibitions. It can also be made as a mini
or major project for electrical or
electronic students.
• When making this laser security system
one can know all about laser beams and
their installation. While preparing a
laser security system, we need to
concentrate on the microcontroller
program and installed with the laser
beam device.

•
When using traditional photo resistors for
preparing security systems one has to
consider the natural light phenomena.
Laser are strong in beam width and can
be focused on the perfect target.

• By using laser security system one can

be safe in the case of harmful effects
to the body. As the beam width used in
The laser security systems are not
strong beam widths. Which are used in the
cutting devices.

4)Other Uses Of Laser Security

Systems:
The Laser security systems are high tech
innovations that have gained popularity in
home and office
security systems. These are used to be
expensive solutions for security needs.
Depending on cost and fast technological
advancements laser security systems
becoming more adoptable.
Conclusion
• Home security is rapidly growing field
and there are new & improved burglar
alarms popping up everyday.

• With rapid advancement of

technology the filled is turning out to
be an area full of scope and new changes
can be made to make it’s more efficient.

• It has years to come, because

security is of prime importance to one
and all.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sources of information are

=> www.google.com

=> NCERT 12TH BOOK

=> www.wikipedia.com