CWNA (PW0-104)

Contents
Chapter 1 Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals ( 2
Hours )
History of WLAN
Standards Organizations
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
International Telecommunication Union
Radio communication Sector (ITU-R)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Wi-Fi Alliance
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Core, Distribution, and Access
Communications Fundamentals
Understanding Carrier Signals
Understanding Keying Methods

Chapter 2 Radio Frequency Fundamentals ( 4 Hours )

What Is a Radio Frequency (RF) Signal?
Radio Frequency Characteristics
Wavelength
Frequency
Amplitude
Phase
Radio Frequency Behaviors
Wave Propagation
Absorption
Reflection
Scattering
Refraction
Diffraction
Loss (Attenuation)
Free Space Path Loss
Multipath
Gain (Amplification)

Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Components, Measurements and Mathematics ( 6 )

RF Components
Transmitter
Antenna
Receiver
Intentional Radiator (IR)
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)
Units of Power and Comparison
Watt
Milliwatt (mW)
Decibel (dB)
dBi
dBd
dBm
Inverse Square Law
RF Mathematics
Rule of 10s and 3s
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
Link Budget
Fade Margin/System Operating Margin

Chapter 4 Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts ( 6 Hours )

Active and Passive Gain
Azimuth and Elevation Charts (Antenna Radiation Envelopes)
Interpreting Polar Charts
Beamwidth
Antenna Types
Omni directional Antennas
Semi directional Antennas
Highly Directional Antennas
Phased Array Antennas
Sector Antennas
Visual Line of Sight
RF Line of Sight
Fresnel Zone
Earth Bulge
Antenna Polarization
Antenna Diversity
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Antenna Connection and Installation
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Signal Loss
Antenna Mounting
Antenna Accessories
Cables
Connectors
Splitters
Amplifiers
Attenuators
Lightning Arrestors
Grounding Rods and Wires

Chapter 5 IEEE 802.11 Standards ( 4 Hours )

Overview of the IEEE 802.11 Standard
IEEE 802.11 Ratified Amendments
802.11b
802.11a
802.11g
802.11d
802.11F
802.11h
802.11i
802.11j
802.11e
802.11k
802.11r
IEEE 802.11 Draft Amendments
802.11m
802.11n
802.11p
802.11s
802.11T
802.11u
802.11v
802.11w
802.11y
802.11z
802.11aa

Chapter 6 Wireless Networks and Spread Spectrum Technologies ( 4 Hours )

Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Bands
900 MHz ISM Band
2.4 GHz ISM Band
5.8 GHz ISM Band
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) Bands
UNII-1 (Lower Band)
UNII-2 (Middle Band)
UNII-2 Extended
UNII-3 (Upper Band)
Narrowband and Spread Spectrum
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Hopping Sequence
Dwell Time
Hop Time
Modulation
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
DSSS Data Encoding
Modulation
Packet Binary Convolutional Code (PBCC)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Convolutional Coding
Modulation
2.4 GHz Channels
5 GHz Channels
Adjacent, Nonadjacent, and Overlapping Channels
Throughput vs. Bandwidth
Communication Resilience

Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Topologies ( 2 Hours )

Wireless Networking Topologies
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
802.11 Topologies
Access Point
Client Station
Integration Service (IS)
Distribution System (DS)
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
Basic Service Set (BSS)
Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID)
Basic Service Area (BSA)
Extended Service Set (ESS)
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
Nonstandard 802.11 Topologies
802.11 Configuration Modes
Access Point Modes
Client Station Modes

Chapter 8 802.11 Medium Access ( 2 Hours )

CSMA/CA vs. CSMA/CD
Collision Detection
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
Interframe Space (IFS)
Duration/ID Field
Carrier Sense
Random Back-off Timer
Point Coordination Function (PCF)
Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF)
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA)
Block Acknowledgment (BA)
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

Chapter 9 802.11 MAC Architecture ( 6 Hours )

Packets, Frames, and Bits
Data-Link Layer
MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU)
MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)
Physical Layer
PLCP Service Data Unit (PSDU)
PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU)
802.11 and 802.3 Interoperability
Three 802.11 Frame Types
Management Frames
Control Frames
Data Frames
Beacon Management Frame (Beacon)
Passive Scanning
Active Scanning
Authentication
Open System Authentication
Shared Key Authentication
Association
Authentication and Association States
Basic and Supported Rates
Roaming
Re association
Disassociation
De authentication
ACK Frame
Fragmentation
Protection Mechanism
RTS/CTS
CTS-to-Self
Data Frames
Power Management
Active Mode
Power Save Mode
Traffic Indication Map (TIM)
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM)
Announcement Traffic Indication Message (ATIM)
WMM Power Save (WMM-PS) and U-APSD
802.11n Power Management

Chapter 10 Wireless Devices ( 6 Hours )

Wireless LAN Client Devices
Radio Card Formats
Radio Card Chipsets
Client Utilities
Progression of WLAN Architecture
Autonomous Access Point—Intelligent Edge Architecture
Wireless Network Management System (WNMS)
Centralized WLAN Architecture
Lightweight AP
WLAN Controller
Split MAC
Remote Office WLAN Controller
Distributed WLAN Architecture
Distributed WLAN Hybrid
Unified WLAN Architecture
Specialty WLAN Infrastructure
Wireless Workgroup Bridge
Wireless LAN Bridges
Enterprise Wireless Gateway
Residential Wireless Gateway
VPN Wireless Router
Wireless LAN Mesh Access Points
Enterprise Encryption Gateway
WLAN Array
Cooperative Control
Virtual AP System
Real-Time Location Systems
Vo Wi-Fi

Chapter 11 WLAN Deployment and Vertical Markets ( 2 Hours )

Corporate Data Access and End-User Mobility
Network Extension to Remote Areas
Bridging—Building-to-Building Connectivity
Wireless ISP (WISP)—Last-Mile Data Delivery
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile Office Networking
Educational/Classroom Use
Industrial—Warehousing and Manufacturing
Healthcare—Hospitals and Offices
Municipal Networks
Hotspots—Public Network Access
Transportation Networks
Law-Enforcement Networks
First-Responder Networks
Fixed Mobile Convergence
WLAN and Health
WLAN Vendors
WLAN Infrastructure
WLAN Mesh Infrastructure
WLAN Troubleshooting and Design Solutions
WLAN Management
WLAN Security Solutions
Vo Wi-Fi Solutions
WLAN Fixed Mobile Convergence
WLAN RTLS Solutions
WLAN SOHO Vendors

Chapter 12 WLAN Troubleshooting ( 6 )

Layer 2 Retransmissions
RF Interference
Multipath
Adjacent Cell Interference
Low SNR
Mismatched Power Settings
Near/Far
Hidden Node
802.11 Coverage Considerations
Dynamic Rate Switching
Roaming
Layer 3 Roaming
Co-channel Interference
Channel Reuse/Multiple Channel Architecture
Single Channel Architecture
Capacity vs. Coverage
Oversized Coverage Cells
Physical Environment
Voice vs. Data
Performance
Weather

Chapter 13 802.11 Network Security Architecture ( 6 )

802.11 Security Basics
Data Privacy
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
Segmentation
Monitoring and Policy
Legacy 802.11 Security
Legacy Authentication
Static WEP Encryption
MAC Filters
SSID Cloaking
Robust Security
Robust Security Network (RSN)
Authentication and Authorization
802.1X/EAP Framework
EAP Types
Dynamic Encryption-Key Generation
4-Way Handshake
WPA/WPA2-Personal
TKIP Encryption
CCMP Encryption
Segmentation
VLANs
RBAC
Infrastructure Security
Physical Security
Interface Security
VPN Wireless Security
Layer 3 VPNs

Chapter 14 Wireless Attacks, Intrusion Monitoring, and Policy ( 4 Hours )

Wireless Attacks
Rogue Wireless Devices
Peer-to-Peer Attacks
Eavesdropping
Encryption Cracking
Authentication Attacks
MAC Spoofing
Management Interface Exploits
Wireless Hijacking
Denial of Service (DoS)
Vendor-Specific Attacks
Social Engineering
Intrusion Monitoring
Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS)
Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS)
Mobile WIDS
Spectrum Analyzer
Wireless Security Policy
General Security Policy
Functional Security Policy
Legislative Compliance
802.11 Wireless Policy Recommendations

Chapter 15 Radio Frequency Site Survey Fundamentals ( 2 Hours )

WLAN Site Survey Interview
Customer Briefing
Business Requirements
Capacity and Coverage Requirements
Existing Wireless Network
Infrastructure Connectivity
Security Expectations
Guest Access
Documents and Reports
Forms and Customer Documentation
Deliverables
Additional Reports
Vertical Market Considerations
Outdoor Surveys
Aesthetics
Government
Education
Healthcare
Hotspots
Retail
Warehouses
Manufacturing
Multitenant Buildings

Chapter 16 Site Survey Systems and Devices ( 2 Hours )

Site Survey Defined
Mandatory Spectrum Analysis
Mandatory Coverage Analysis
AP Placement and Configuration
Optional Application Analysis
Site Survey Tools
Indoor Site Survey Tools
Outdoor Site Survey Tools
Coverage Analysis
Manual
Assisted
Predictive
Self-Organizing Wireless LANs

Chapter 17 Power over Ethernet (PoE) ( 2 Hours )

History of PoE
Nonstandard PoE
IEEE 802.3af
IEEE Std. 802.3-2005, Clause 33
IEEE 802.3at
PoE Devices (Overview)
Powered Device (PD)
Power-Sourcing Equipment (PSE)
Endpoint PSE
Midspan PSE
Power-Sourcing Equipment Pin Assignments
Planning and Deploying PoE
Power Planning
Redundancy

Chapter 18 High Throughput (HT) and 802.11n ( 4 Hours )

802.11n History
802.11n Draft Amendment
Wi-Fi Alliance Certification
MIMO
Radio Chains
Spatial Multiplexing (SM)
MIMO Diversity
Transmit Beam forming (TxBF)
HT Channels
20 MHz Non-HT and HT Channels
40 MHz Channels
Guard Interval (GI)
Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)
HT PHY
Non-HT Legacy
HT Mixed
HT Greenfield
HT MAC
A-MSDU
A-MPDU
MTBA
RIFS
HT Power Management
HT Operation
20/40 Channel Operation
HT Protection Modes (0–3)
Dual-CTS Protection
Phased Coexistence Operation (PCO)
Chapter 1 Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations and Fundamentals

Chapter 2 Radio Frequency Fundamentals

Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Components, Measurements and Mathematics

Chapter 4 Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts

Chapter 5 IEEE 802.11 Standards

Chapter 6 Wireless Networks and Spread Spectrum Technologies

Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Topologies

Chapter 8 802.11 Medium Access

Chapter 9 802.11 MAC Architecture

Chapter 10 Wireless Devices

Chapter 11 WLAN Deployment and Vertical Markets

Chapter 12 WLAN Troubleshooting

Chapter 13 802.11 Network Security Architecture

Chapter 14 Wireless Attacks, Intrusion Monitoring, and Policy

Chapter 15 Radio Frequency Site Survey Fundamentals

Chapter 16 Site Survey Systems and Devices

Chapter 18 High Throughput (HT) and 802.11n