IEEE Std 1584™.2002 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations Sponsor Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee of the Industry Applications Society Abstract: This guido provides techniques for designers and facility operators to apply in determining the arc‘flash hazard distance and the incident energy to which employees could be exposed during their work on or near electrical equipment. Keywords: arc fault currents, arc‘lash hazard, arc-flash hazard analysis, arc-lash hazard ‘marking, are in enclosures, arc in open air, bolted fault currents, electrical hazard, flash protection boundary, incident energy, personal protective equipment, protective device coordination study, short-circuit study, working distances ‘The Inte of Eletca and Electronic Engineers, Ic ‘Park Avenue, New York, NY 100166007, USA Copyright © 2002 bythe Istituto of Eccl ad Electonics Enginoos nc [Arh reserved, Publshed 23 September 2002. Printed inthe Untod States of America. 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Permision to photocopy potions of any ind ‘idl standard fo educational classroom use can aso be obisined through the Copyright Clearance Center -Auered lensed ue ned to: Laan Rabat Dayle on Feta 242010 21:9%46 EST fom EEE Xplore, Recton® apeIntroduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 184-2002, I E Guide for Performing Are-Flash Hazard Calcultions) ‘A technical paper by Lee, “The other electrical hazard: electric are blast burns" [B19] provided insight that clectical are burns make up a substantial portion of the injuries ftom electrical malfunctions. He identified that electrical arcing is the term applied to current passing through vapor of the arc terminal conductive ‘metal or carbon material. The extremely high temperatures of these ares ean cause fatal burns at up to about 5 feand major burns at up to about 10 t distance from the are. Additionally, electrical ares expel droplets of ‘molten terminal material that shower the immediate vicinity, similar to, but more extensive than that from clectical are welding. These findings started to fil a vold created by early works that identified electrical shock as the major electrical hazard. Mr. Lee's work also helped establish.a relationship between time to ‘human tissue coll death and temperature, as well asa curable skin burn time-temperature relationship. Once forensic analysis of electrical incidents focused on the arc-flash hazard, experience over a period of time indicated that Ralph Lee's formulas for ealculatng the distance-energy relationship from source of are id not serve to reconcile the greater thermal effect on persons positioned in front of opened doors or removed covers, from arcs inside electrical equipment enclosures. A technical paper by Doughty, Neal, and Floyd, "Predicting incident energy to better manage the eletrie are hazard on 600 v power distibution systems” (B4] presented the findings from many structured tests using ‘both “ares in open ais” and “aes ina eubic box." These three phase tests were performed athe 600 V rating and are applicable forthe range of 16000 1 $0 000A short-circuit fault current. twas established that the contribution of heat efeted from surfaces near the a intensifies the heat directed toward the opening of the enclosure ‘The focus of industry on electrical safety and recognition of arc-flash burns as having great significance highlighted the need for protecting employees from all arc-lash hazards. The limitations on applying the known “best available” formulas for calculating the “curable” and “incurable” burn injuries have been ‘overcome. This guide does that with new, empirically derived models based on statistical analysis and curve ‘iting ofthe overall test data available. ‘Conducting an are-flash hazard analysis has been difficult. Not enough are-flash incident energy testing had been done from which to develop models that accurately represent all the real applications. The available algorithms are difficult for engineers in offices to solve and near impossible for people in the field to apply. Tis working group has overseen a significant amount of testing and has developed new models of incident energy. The ate-lash hazard calculations included in this guide will enable quick and comprehensive solutions for acs in single- or thrce- phase clctrieal systems either of which may be in open ar or ina box, regardless ofthe low or medium voltage availabe. Warranty ‘THE IEEE DOES NOT WARRANT OR REPRESENT THE ACCURACY OR CONTENT OF THE WORK AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE WORK IS FREE FROM PATENT INFRINGEMENT. THE WORK IS ‘SUPPLIED ONLY “AS IS" USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. "The numbers in brackets carepond to thos of te iblogaphy in Annex F Copyright © 2002 EEE. Al rights rosorved. iit ‘Autre canta ue ted: Leane Robe, Doweeeded on Fabry 21,2010 at 213646 EST rom EEE Xplore. Resictons 2p.