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Stresses in Beams

✓ Compute the flexural stress of the beam


✓ Compute the shear stress of the beam
✓ Determine the economical sections of the
beam due to flexural shear stresses
Flexural of Bending Stress:
Fb = My - at any fiber y–distance from the neutral axis
I
Fb = Mc - Max at the farthest fiber for any section
I
Fb = 6M - Max for rectangular beams only
bd2
1. A 100mm. X 200mm. X 6m. Simple beam has a
concentrated load of 4000N. At the center and
2000N. Load at 1meter from one end.
Determine the following:
a. Maximum Flexural stress at the 2000N.
Load
b. Maximum Flexural stress at the 4000N.
Load
c. Maximum Flexural stress on the beam
d. Flexural stress at the fiber 20mm. Below the
top at the section between the 2 concentrated
loads.
e. The maximum flexural stress between the 2
loads.
2000N 4000N

A B

1m 2m 3m
R1 = 366.67N R2 = 2333.33
3666.67
1666.67

0
V0

7000 -2333.33

3666.67

M0 0
a) Moment (M) @ 2000 load = 3666.67N.m
Fb = 6M Fb = 6(3666.67) Fb = 5.5MPa
bd2 (0.1)(0.2)2

b) Moment (M) @ 4000 load = 7000N.m


Fb = 6M Fb = 6(7000) Fb = 10.5MPa
bd2 (0.1)(0.2)2

c) Same as b since Maximum moment is also 7000N.m


3333.33
x

1 2

X = 3333.33 X = 1666.66
1 2 M = 3666.67 + 1666.66
M = 5333.34
d) Moment (M) between two loads = 5333.34N.m
Fb = My y = 0.10 – 0.02
0.02
I y = 0.08
0.10 I = 1/12 bd3
y =0.08
I = (1/12)(0.1)(0.2)3
I = 66.67(10)-6m4
0.10

Fb = 5333.34(0.08)
66.67(10)-6
0.10
Fb = 6.40MPa
e) Moment (M) between two loads = 5333.34N.m
Fb = Mc c = 0.10
I
0.10 I = 1/12 bd3
I = (1/12)(0.1)(0.2)3
I = 66.67(10)-6m4
0.10

Fb = 5333.34(0.10)
66.67(10)-6
0.10
Fb = 8MPa
e) Moment (M) between two loads = 5333.34N.m

Fb = 6M
bd2
0.10

Fb = 6(5333.34)
(0.1)(0.2)2
0.10

Fb = 8MPa
0.10
Shearing Stress:

Fv = VQ - at any fiber y–distance from the neutral axis


Ib

Fv = 3V - Max for rectangular section only


2bd
2. A 100mm. X 200mm. X 6m. Simple
beam is given below, solve the flexural
and shearing stresses at 1.5 m. from
the right support:

a. Maximum shearing stress (Fv)


b. Maximum bending stress (Fb)
c. Shearing stress at the fiber
80mm. below the top
d. Shearing stress at the fiber
60mm. above the bottom
4000N 8000N

A B

1m 1m 2m
R1 = 7000N R2 = 5000
7000
3000

0
V0

5000
10000
7000

M0 0
a) Max Shear (V) @ 1.5m from right support = 5000N

Fv = 3V
2bd

Fv = 3(5000)
2(0.1)(0.2)

Fv = 0.375MPa
10000 x

1.5
2
X = 10000 X = 7500
1.5 2
b) Max Moment (M) @ 1.5m from right support

M = 7500N.m

Fb = 6M
bd2 Fb = 11.25MPa

Fb = 6(7700)
(0.1)(0.2)2
c) Max Shear (V) @ 1.5m from right support = 5000N
Fv = VQ Fv = (5000)(0.0048) Fv = 0.36MPa
Ib 66.67(10)-6(0.1)
Q=Ay
0.08
0.10 Q = (0.1)(0.08)(0.06)
0.02 0.06 Q = 0.00048m3
I = 1/12 bd3
0.10
I = (1/12)(0.1)(0.2)3
I = 66.67(10)-6m4
0.10
c) Max Shear (V) @ 1.5m from right support = 5000N
Fv = VQ Fv = (5000)(0.0042) Fv = 0.31MPa
Ib 66.67(10)-6(0.1)
Q=Ay
0.10 Q = (0.06)(0.1)(0.07)
Q = 0.00042m3
0.04
0.07 I = 1/12 bd3
0.10
I = (1/12)(0.1)(0.2)3
0.06

I = 66.67(10)-6m4
0.10
3. A 120mm. X 240mm. X 6m. Simple beam is supported at the
right end at 2m. from the left end. The beam is uniformly loaded.
At the right section 1.5m. from the right support, the bending
stress at the fiber 20mm. above the bottom is 5MPa.

a. Solve the value of the uniform load.


b. Solve the value of the maximum bending stress.
c. Solve the value of the maximum shearing stress.
d. Solve the shearing stress at the fiber 100mm. above the
bottom midway between supports.
PLATE. A 150mm. X 250mm. X 5m. beam is supported at the
left end and at 2m. From the right end. The beam has
concentrated load of 3P in midway between supports and
another load P at the right end. At the section between
supports the shearing stress at the fiber 90mm. below the
top is 350KPa.

a. Solve the value of P.


b. Solve the value of the maximum bending stress.
c. Solve the value of the maximum shearing stress.
d. Solve the bending stress at the section 1.5m. From the
left end at the finer 20mm. above the bottom.
4. A 150mm. X 250mm. X 5m. Beam is supported at the left
and at 2m. From the right support end. The beam has
concentrated load of 3P in midway between supports and
another load P at the right end. At the section midway
between supports, the shearing stress at the fiber 90mm
below the top is 350KPa.

a. Solve the value of P


b. Solve the maximum bending stress
c. Solve the maximum shearing stress
d. Solve the bending stress at the section 1.5m. From the left
end at the fiber 20mm. above the bottom.
PLATE. A simply supported beam, 60mm. wide by
100m. high and 4m. long is subjected to a
concentrated load of 800N. at a point 1m. from one of
the supports. Determine the maximum fiber stress
and the stress in a fiber located 10mm. from the top
of the beam at midspan.
W - BEAM
S - BEAM
CHANNEL BEAM
ANGLE BAR
7. Given:
4 unequal angles – 100 x 90 x 10
12mm x 600mm steel plate
Fb = 1.25MPa
WLL = 10 000N/m

10000 N/m
Beams of Different Materials
Composite Beams
Solve for the safe load W:
Fs = 120MPa
w
Fw = 10MPa
n = 10 ratio of modulus of
10m.
elasticity of steel to that of
wood/ concrete
M = 1/8wL2 M = 1/8w(10)2 M = 12.5w N.m
a. Transformed Section (wood equivalent):

0.01(n) = 0.10 0.10 0.01(n) = 0.10

STEEL
STEEL

0.20 WOOD 0.20

0.10 0.30
0.01 0.01
0.10 0.01(n) = 0.10
0.01(n) = 0.10
For Wood:
Fw = 6M
bd2
10(10)6= 6(12.5w) = 1600 N/m
(0.3)(0.2)2
0.30
For Steel:
Fb = 6M Fs = 6M
bd2 n bd2
120(10)6 = 6(12.5w) = 1920 N/m
Safe Load = 1600N/m 10 (0.3)(0.2)2
b. Transformed Section (wood equivalent):
0.1(n) = 1m
0.01 STEEL

0.10 Fb = Mc
0.20 WOOD I
0.10

0.10

0.01 STEEL
0.1(n) = 1m
0.10
0.1(n) = 1m
0.01
For Wood:
FW = Mc
0.10 0.2 I
10(10)6= 12.5w(0.1)
0.10 0.000287
0.10 0.9
= 2296 N/m
0.01 For Steel:
0.1(n) = 1m
FS = Mc
I = 1/12 bd3 n I
I = 1/12 (1)(0.22)3 - 1/12 (0.9)(0.2)3 120(10)6= 12.5w(0.11)
I = 0.000287m4 10 0.000287
= 2504.73 N/m
Safe Load = 2296N/m
2. Solve the maximum stresses in each material (n=12)

0.10
20000 N/m 0.01
6m.

0.25
M = 1/8wL2
M = 1/8(20000)(6)2
0.01
M = 90 000 N.m
0.10
0.1(n) = 0.1(12) = 1.2m
0.01
For Wood:
FW = Mc
0.125 0.25 I
FW = 90000(0.125)
0.125 0.000536
0.10 1.1 = 20.99MPa
0.01 For Steel:
1.2m
FS = Mc
I = 1/12 bd3 n I
I = 1/12 (1.2)(0.27)3 - 1/12 (1.1)(0.25)3 Fs = 90000(0.135)
12 0.000536
I = 0.000536m4
= 272.01MPa
Deflection in Beams

1. ꙋ = -5wL4 W N/m

384EI ꙋ

P
2. ꙋ = -PL3 L/2 L/2

48EI ꙋ
3. ꙋ = -wL4 W N/m

8EI ꙋ

P
4. ꙋ = -PL3
3EI ꙋ
1. A 100mm. X 300mm. X 4m. Simple beam has a uniform load throughout it’s
length.
E = 12GPa
I = 95(10)-6 m4
If the allowable deflection is 1/250 of the span, compute the maximum value
of the uniform load.
ꙋ = 5wL4
384EI
W N/m

4m
4_ = ______5w(4)4______
250 384(12)(10)995(10)-6

W = 87552 N/m
2. A 6m. Simple beam has a uniform load of 2000N/m. The allowable
deflection is 1/250 of the span. 4
Fv = 400KPa ꙋ = -5wL
Fb = 10MPa 384EI
6_ = ______5(2000)(6) 4______
E = 12GPa
Design the beam. 250 384(12)(10)9I

I = 0.000117mm4
2000 N/m I = 117(10-6)m4
6m Try 0.10 x 0.15 Check Actual Fv and Fb
Try 0.10 x 0.30
Try 0.10 x 0.25

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