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CIPP Corporation
Pipe Wall Thickness Design
ASTM F1216-07b - FULLY DETERIORATED GRAVITY FLOW
Using the Marston Formula and the Boussinesq Formula
Copyright October 3, 2001, PEC Inc., Helena, Montana

PROJECT:

Dead Load (Wc) = (Cd)(W)(Bc)(Bd) [Marston's formula, trench condition, flexible pipe, Equation 9.5, G.S.S.D.C., p. 171]

1 - e^[(-2)(ku')(H)/(Bd)]
Cd = loading coefficient =
(2)(ku')

H= Height of soil above crown of pipe (ft.) = 22 feet

Bd = Trench width (ft.) = 2.5 feet
ku' = Negative settlement ratio product = 0.13 [Ku' = 0.13 ditch condition, 0.19 projection condition]
W= Soil Density (lb/ft3) = 120 lb/ft3 [W - use 120 to 125 lb/cf if no data available]
Bc = Diameter of Pipe (in) = 21 inches
Cd = 3.456
Dead Load (Wc) = 1814.4 lb/ft

Live Load (Ws) = (Cs)(P)(F)/L [Boussinesq's Formula, integrated by Holl ]

Ws = Live Load on Conduit (/lf) [G.S.S.D.C.]
Cs = Live Load Coefficient = 0.01 [G.S.S.D.C.]
P= Wheel Load (lb) = 16,000 pounds
F= Impact Factor 1 see table Highways Railroads
L= Effective Length (assume 3') 3 Fill Ht. Impact Factor Fill Ht. Impact Factor
Live Load (Ws) = 53.3 lb/ft 0' -1' 1.3 0' cover 1.4
1' - 2' 1.2 10' cover 1.0
Total Load (Wtot = Wc+Ws) = 1867.7 lb/ft 2' - 3' 1.1 (Prorate for fill 0' to 10')
over 3' 1.0
External Pressure on Pipe

qa = External Pressure on Pipe = (Yw)(Hw) + (Rw)(Wc)/D + Ws/D [Hydraulic, Soil, and Live Load Pressures]

Wc = Vertical Soil Load (G.S.S.D.C. - Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design

= (Ys)(H)(D)/144 = 32.08 pounds and Construction - ASCE Manuals and
Yw = Specific Weight of Water (lb/in3) = 0.0361 lb/in3 Reports on Engineering Practice No. 60.
Hw = Height of Water above top of pipe (ft) = 11.0 feet WPCF Manual of Practice No. FD-5,
Rw = Water Buoyancy Factor Copyright 1982)
= 1-(0.33)(Hw/H) = 0.84
Ys = Soil Density (lb/ft3) = 120 lb/ft3 (F.P.P. - AWWA Standard for Fiberglass
Pressure Pipe, American National Std.
External Pressure on Pipe (qa) = 20.29 lb/in 2
ANSI/AWWA C950-88, Copyright 1989)

Thickness Required for Buckling Pressure

qa = (1/n)*[(32)(Rw)(B')(E')(EI)(C)/D3](1/2) [ ASTM F1216-07b eqn. X1.3, Fully Deteriorated Gravity Pipe Conditions]
[Sets Marston load equal to buckling strength of constrained, flexible
pipe, using modified Timoshenko, factored for ovality, buoyancy, and
EI = Pipe Wall Stiffness Factor elasticity, and assuming noncompressible pipe bedding (v=0.5)]
= (EL)(t3)/12
I= [(D3)((qa*N))2] / [32*(Rw)(B')(E')(EL)(C)]
t= (0.721) (D) [(qa*N)2 / (Rw)(B')(E')(EL)(C)](1/3)

N= Safety Factor = 2
O= Oval Deformation = 2.000% [O= (Mean Diameter-Min Diameter)/Mean Diameter]
C= Ovality Factor
= [(1-O)/(1+O)2]3 0.836
Rw = Water Buoyance Factor = 0.84
B' = Coefficient of elastic support
= 1/[1+(4)(e^(-.065H))] = 0.511
EL = Long-Term Modulus of Elasticity = 125,000psi [EL - 50% of Short Term Modulus]
E' = Modulus of Soil Reaction (psi) = 1,000 psi E' = 1,000 for soil meeting conditions in table: Soil Class % Compaction
SC1 Dumped
Minimum Wall Thickness (t) = 0.504 inches or 12.8 mm SC2 85%
Recommended Wall Thickness (t) = 0.53 inches or 13.5 mm SC3 90%
SC4 95%
Note: See ASTM 3839-94a.
Check Proposed Thickness for Allowable Deflection of Flexible Pipe

y= [(D1)(K)(Wc+Ws)(r3)]/[EI + (0.061)(E')(r3)] [Modified Iowa Formula, Equation 9.17, G.S.S.D.C., p. 210]

r = (D/2) SDR=D/t E I= EL(t )/12

3
Wtot=Wc+Ws

y= [D1)(K)(Wtot)]/[E1/(1.5)(SDR ) + (0.061)(E')]
3

D1 = deflection lag factor = 1.50

K= bedding factor = 0.11
Wtot = load on unit x-section of pipe = 155.64 lb/in
EL = Long-Term Modulus of Elasticity = 125,000 psi
SDR = calculated with Min. Wall Thickness = 41.7
SDR = proposed = 39.6 (used for deflection check)

y= deflection (inches) 0.4119 inches

y(%) = deflection divided by diameter = 1.96% Typically OK if less than 5%

Check Proposed Thickness for Minimum Thickness Requirement (ASTM 1216 Eqn X1.4 pp6)

E= Initial modulus of elasticity = 250,000

E/12(SDR3) > .093 in-lbs. 0.334910287 Okay if greater than 0.093
Updated 5-29-08 npl
Tabulation of Load Coefficients, Cs, for Concentrated and Distributed Superimposed Loads Vertically Centered Over Conduit

L/2H = 0.1
Bc/2H = 0
Lookup Value = 0.01 = Live Load Coeficient per Holl's Integration of Boussinesq's formula

Bc/2H L/2H (L = 3)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.0 0.005 0.010 0.019 0.027 0.034 0.040 0.045 0.049 0.052 0.054 0.056
0.1 0.010 0.019 0.037 0.053 0.067 0.079 0.089 0.097 0.103 0.108 0.112
0.2 0.019 0.037 0.072 0.103 0.131 0.155 0.174 0.189 0.202 0.211 0.219
0.3 0.027 0.053 0.103 0.149 0.190 0.224 0.252 0.274 0.292 0.306 0.318
0.4 0.034 0.067 0.131 0.190 0.241 0.284 0.320 0.349 0.373 0.391 0.405
0.5 0.040 0.079 0.155 0.224 0.284 0.336 0.379 0.414 0.441 0.463 0.481
0.6 0.045 0.089 0.174 0.252 0.320 0.379 0.428 0.467 0.499 0.524 0.544
0.7 0.049 0.097 0.189 0.274 0.349 0.414 0.467 0.511 0.546 0.584 0.597
0.8 0.052 0.103 0.202 0.292 0.373 0.441 0.499 0.546 0.584 0.615 0.639
0.9 0.054 0.108 0.211 0.306 0.391 0.463 0.524 0.574 0.615 0.647 0.673
1.0 0.056 0.112 0.219 0.318 0.405 0.481 0.544 0.597 0.639 0.673 0.701
1.1 0.058 0.115 0.224 0.326 0.415 0.493 0.558 0.613 0.657 0.692 0.721
1.2 0.059 0.117 0.229 0.333 0.425 0.505 0.572 0.628 0.674 0.711 0.740
1.3 0.059 0.118 0.232 0.337 0.430 0.512 0.580 0.635 0.684 0.721 0.751
1.4 0.060 0.120 0.235 0.341 0.435 0.518 0.588 0.643 0.693 0.732 0.763
1.5 0.061 0.121 0.238 0.345 0.440 0.525 0.596 0.650 0.703 0.742 0.774
1.6 0.061 0.122 0.239 0.347 0.443 0.528 0.599 0.655 0.707 0.747 0.779
1.7 0.061 0.122 0.240 0.349 0.446 0.531 0.603 0.660 0.712 0.752 0.784
1.8 0.062 0.123 0.242 0.351 0.448 0.534 0.606 0.664 0.716 0.756 0.790
1.9 0.062 0.123 0.243 0.353 0.451 0.537 0.610 0.669 0.721 0.761 0.795
2.0 0.062 0.124 0.244 0.355 0.454 0.540 0.613 0.674 0.725 0.766 0.800
 Shaded Areas are estimated from surrounding data

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 5.0
0.058 0.059 0.059 0.060 0.061 0.061 0.061 0.062 0.062 0.062 0.064
0.115 0.117 0.118 0.120 0.121 0.122 0.122 0.123 0.123 0.124 0.128
0.224 0.229 0.232 0.235 0.238 0.239 0.240 0.242 0.243 0.244 0.248
0.326 0.333 0.337 0.341 0.345 0.347 0.349 0.351 0.353 0.355 0.360
0.415 0.425 0.430 0.435 0.440 0.443 0.446 0.448 0.451 0.454 0.460
0.493 0.505 0.512 0.518 0.525 0.528 0.531 0.534 0.537 0.540 0.548
0.558 0.572 0.580 0.588 0.596 0.599 0.603 0.606 0.610 0.613 0.624
0.613 0.628 0.635 0.643 0.650 0.655 0.660 0.664 0.669 0.674 0.688
0.657 0.674 0.684 0.693 0.703 0.707 0.712 0.716 0.721 0.725 0.740
0.692 0.711 0.721 0.732 0.742 0.747 0.752 0.756 0.761 0.766 0.784
0.721 0.740 0.751 0.763 0.774 0.779 0.784 0.790 0.795 0.800 0.816
0.742 0.762 0.773 0.786 0.797 0.803 0.808 0.814 0.819 0.825 0.842
0.762 0.783 0.795 0.808 0.820 0.826 0.832 0.837 0.843 0.849 0.868
0.774 0.795 0.808 0.821 0.834 0.840 0.846 0.852 0.858 0.864 0.884
0.785 0.808 0.821 0.834 0.847 0.854 0.860 0.866 0.872 0.879 0.900
0.797 0.820 0.834 0.847 0.861 0.868 0.874 0.881 0.887 0.894 0.916
0.803 0.826 0.840 0.853 0.868 0.875 0.881 0.888 0.894 0.901 0.924
0.808 0.832 0.846 0.860 0.874 0.881 0.888 0.895 0.901 0.908 0.932
0.814 0.837 0.852 0.866 0.881 0.888 0.894 0.902 0.909 0.916 0.940
0.819 0.843 0.858 0.873 0.887 0.894 0.901 0.909 0.916 0.923 0.948
0.825 0.849 0.864 0.879 0.894 0.901 0.908 0.916 0.923 0.930 0.956
 4.5
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
19.5
21.0
22.5
24.0
25.5
27.0
28.5
30.0
31.5
33.0
34.5
36.0
37.5
39.0
40.5
42.0
43.5
45.0
46.5
48.0
49.5
51.0
52.5
54.0
55.5
57.0
58.5
60.0
61.5
63.0
64.5
66.0
67.5
69.0
70.5
72.0
73.5
75.0