Types of Numbers

1. Natural Numbers : Numbers starting from 1,2,3 and so on are called Natural Numbers.

2. Whole Numbers : Numbers starting from 0,1,2 and so on are called Whole Numbers.

3. Integers : All counting numbers and their negatives, including zero are called Integers.
For ex. -10, 89, 0 all are integers.

4. Fractions : A number in form of , where q≠0 is called a fraction. They are also called
Rational Numbers. Here, p is the numerator and q is denominator. For ex. , are
fractions.

5. Decimals : They have a decimal point in them. For ex. 2.34 , 9.989893 etc.

6. Prime Numbers : A number divisible by 1 and itself and not divisible by any other
number is called a prime number. For ex. 2,3,5,11,23 etc.
⓿ 2 is the only even prime number. Rest all prime numbers are odd.

7. Composite Numbers : Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime are called
Composite numbers. Ex. 4, 8, 10, 15 etc are non-prime(composite) numbers.

8. Co-Prime Numbers : Two numbers which have only 1 as common factor are called Co-
primes or relatively prime to each other. Ex. (2,3), (4,5), (8,9) etc.
Divisibility Test
Cyclicity of Numbers
Factors and Multiples

Factors of a number are the small numbers which completely divide it. Ex. Factors of 6 are 1,2,3
and 6. Factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12.
⓿Every number has atleast 2 factors as 1 and itself. Ex. 13 has factors 1 and 13.

Multiples of a number are those numbers which we get after multiplying something into that
number. Ex multiples of 10 are 10,20,30,100 etc. multiples of 6 are 6,12,18etc.
⓿ every number has smallest multiple as itself.

Q. Find the number of factors of 12.

Ans. For finding the number of factors, we do the following steps.
Step 1 : Prime factorize the number
Step 2 : Express the factors as powers
Step 3 : Add 1 in each power and multiply them to get the final answer.

12 = 2 X 2 X 3 = 22 X 31
So, we add 1 in each power and multiply. (2+1)X(1+1) = 3X2 = 6.
So, 12 has 6 factors, which are 1,2,3,4,6 and 12.

Q. Find the number of factors of 72. (12)

Q. Find the number of factors of 18. (6)
Q. Find the number of factors of 64. (7)
Q. Find the number of factors of 625. (5)
Q. Find the number of factors of 7. (2)

Number of Zeros at end of factorials

Factorial of a number is the product of that number and numbers less than itself upto 1.
For ex. Factorial of 5 is written as 5! = 5x4x3x2x1 = 120

Factorial of 10 is 10! = 10x9x8x…….x2x1 = 3628800

Q. Find the number of number of zeros at end of 5!.
Ans. For finding the number of zeros, we do the following steps.
Step 1 : Factorize the number only by 5 and neglect the remainders.
Step 2 : Add the quotients to get the final answer.

So, 5! has only one zero at the end. We can verify this result as
we know 5! = 120.

Q. Find the number of number of zeros at end of 10!

Ans.

So, 10! has 2 zeros at the end.

Q. Find the number of number of zeros at end of 27!

Ans.

here, answer is 5+1 = 6. When we divide 27 by 5, we take 5x5=25 and

ignore the remainder 2, and proceed further.

Q. Find the number of number of zeros at end of 100! (24)

Q. Find the number of number of zeros at end of 91! (21)

TRICKY QUESTIONS
Q. find the number of zeros at end of 101 + 102 + 103 + …. + 1010.
Q. find the number of zeros at end of 101 x102 x 103 x …. x 1010.
Sum of Special Series

1.

2. 12 + 22 + 32 + … + n2

3 3 3 3
3. 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n =

HCF and LCM

Finding LCM
To find LCM of numbers, we use the Prime Factorization method in following steps.
Step 1 : Prime factorize the numbers combinedly.
Step 2 : Multiply the prime factors to get the LCM.

Q. find the LCM of 3 and 4.

Ans.

= 2 x 2 x 3 = 12. So, LCM of 3 and 4 is 12.

Q. find the LCM of 5 and 12. (60)

Q. find the LCM of 10 and 13. (130)
Q. find the LCM of 18 and 15. (90)

Finding HCF
To find HCF of numbers, we can use the following two methods.

1. Prime Factorization Method

Step 1 : Prime factorize the numbers separately.
Step 2 : Express the numbers as product of powers of their factors.
Step 3 : Find only the common factors and take their lowest powers and multiply to get
the HCF.

Q. find the HCF of 5 and 12.

Ans.

5 = 51
12 = 22 x 31

As there is no common factor, we take HCF as 1. So, HCF of 5 and 12 is 1.

 Q. find the HCF of 15 and 18.
Ans.

15 = 31 x 51
18 = 21 x 32
Here, common factor is 3, we take least power of 3, which is 1. So, HCF of 15 and 18 is 31 = 3.

2. Long Division Method

Step 1 : Divide the larger number by smaller number
Step 2 : If remainder is 0, the smaller number is the HCF. Otherwise, divide the smaller
number by the remainder.
Step 3 : Keep on dividing like this until we get remainder 0. The number which gives
remainder 0 is the HCF.

Q. find the HCF of 5 and 12 by Long Division Method.

Ans.

Here, 1 is the number which gave remainder 0. So, 1 is HCF.

Q. find the HCF of 15 and 18 by Long Division Method.

Q. find the HCF of 25 and 120 by Long Division Method.
Q. find the HCF of 5 and 17 by Long Division Method.

Questions Based on LCM and HCF

Q. what is the smallest no. divisible by 25 and 15?
Q. what is the smallest no. which when increased by 3 is divisible by 25 and 15?
Q. what is the smallest no. which when decreased by 12 is divisible by 25 and 15?
Q. Find the least number which when divided by 6 & 10 leaves remainder 4 in each case.
Q. Find the least number which when divided by 5,6 and 8 leaves remainder 3 in each case.
Q. How many numbers between 300 and 700 are divisible by 2,3 and 7 together.
Q. Find the number which when divided by 10 leaves rem 9, by 9 leaves 8, by 8 leaves 7.
Q. find the largest number which divides 25 and 75.
Q. Find the largest number which divides 24 and 36 completely.
Q. If there are certain number of flower pots, such that they can be arranged in rows of 5 pots
or 6 pots, what is the minimum number of pots possible?
Q. If students in a class can be grouped into groups of 6,8 or 10 students, what is the minimum
number of students possible?
Q. A milkman has 15L, 20L and 35L buckets. What is the maximum capacity mug that can be
used to pour out milk, such that no milk remains in the buckets?
Q. 5 Alarm bells ring at intervals of 3 mins, 5 mins, 10 mins, 15 mins and 18 mins. If they start
ringing at 12pm, at what time will they ring together?