WYMUN

Nuclear Disarmament and

International Peace and Security

General Assembly First Committee

Disarmament and International
Security Council
Study Guide

Janurary 22~25th
Chairs’ Letter:
Felix Lai
Hello delegates. I am Felix Lai from Chien Kuo Senior High. It will be my honor to
serve as your chair in DISEC. Upon thinking of meeting all of you and seeing your
extraordinary performance in the conference I cannot help recalling the first
conference I participated. Stepping into the room with a little excitement and a little
nervousness and delivering a speech with the stammer in front of almost 30 delegates.
If that is what you are afraid of I have to say it is completely normal for the first
MUNer. On the other hand, it actually indicates how much you care about your
performance.

What really matters is not how fluently you speak English or how native your accent
is, but how much your say is received. The only thing matters is efficient
communication. Thus, just go on the podium and express your opinion with no
hesitation.

During the unmoderated caucus, the negotiation with other delegates plays an
important role in achieving a consensus on this complicated issue. Let me remind you
of this most interesting part of MUN which is the perfect time to persuade people to
agree with your proposal.

Whether it is the first conference you join I hope you can enjoy the tensive debate and
protect your country's interest in the conference. See you soon!

Jean Tsai
Dear delegates,
I am Jean Tsai, the president of the Datong United Nations Club. It will be my honor
to serve as a member of the Dais team of GA1. Believe it or not, I am nervous as all
of you are since this is my first time engaging in MUN conference as the role of the
chair. Starting my MUN career just one and half a year ago, I was a complete stranger
to MUN like most of you are. Time has passed now and I am here to give all I have to
every single one of you. MUN is not an activity I felt in love with instantly, it takes
time to learn the pleasure of model United Nations. Winning awards and passing draft
resolutions are important, however, it is not the main goal you want to achieve in the
conference. I hope all of you can learn something inspiring and appreciate the people
you will meet in the upcoming event.

I am looking forward to a brand new experience from a different position in the

meeting. Wishing all of you the best at the conference and feel free to approach to me
about any questions regarding the conference.

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 Ethan Hsu
Greetings delegates, I am Ethan Hsu. I am currently a second-grade student at Chien
Kuo High School. It is an honor to serve you as a chair at this conference. I've been
MUNers for about six years. It's a truly meaningful and impactful event for me
throughout these years. For one thing, I can easily sharpen my skills during MUN
events. By researching and reading difficult English essays or, speaking regularly at a
conference. For another thing, I broadened my views when looking at the world. I am
forced to discuss and learn in-depth on different issues everything.

In this conference, I hope that every delegate is well-prepared. English is important is

important in MUN; however, it's not the key matters. It is more crucial and essential
for each of you to deliver constructive opinions and speak frequently. Nervousness
and shyness are common and forgivable, but not speaking are wrong. Communicating
is the most critical things to master in MUN; therefore, speak out and deliver your
positions and thoughts during the conference. I'm looking forward to meeting you all
and see an excellent performance given by each of you during the meeting.
Best wishes,
Ethan Hsu

Introduction to Committee
The Disarmament and International Security Committee, DISEC for short, was
established in 1993. As General Assembly First Committee, also known as GA1,
DISEC is the first and one of the main committees in General Assembly. The
committee deals with disarmament, international security, and threats that involve
with the global. In United Nation Charter Chapter IV, Article 11 states the role and
purpose of DISEC. DISEC has worked on the disarmament of weapons of mass
destruction, especially nuclear, for decades. Having deep cooperation and work with
UNODA (United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs), UNDC (United Nations
Disarmament Commission), ENDC (Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament),
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), UNIDIR (United Nations Institute for
Disarmament Research), CTBTO (Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive
Nuclear Treaty-Ban Treaty Organization), and UNSC, (United Nation Security
Council). Their contributions include Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
(CTBT), Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), International Convention for the
Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (Nuclear Terrorism Convention), Partial
Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), and
Convention of Nuclear Safety (CNS).

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 Although there were several progress and treaties developed in the past few decades,
this issues still need further discussion and improvements; however, General
Assembly is incapable to produce any legally binding resolutions. Therefore, it is
crucial for DISEC to cooperate with other committees to make up further progress and
ensure international peace and security.

Topic Introduction
After the WWII, people in different states initiated numerous movements against
nuclear weapons for the fear of the consequence Japan had encountered. Nevertheless,
governments did the opposite. Cold War began, a large amount of possession of
nuclear weapons making it a balance of terror, rendering public sink in affright.
According to the United Nations office for disarmament affairs(UNODA), “Nuclear
weapons are the most dangerous weapons on earth. One can destroy a whole city,
potentially killing millions, and jeopardizing the natural environment and lives of
future generations through its long-term catastrophic effects.”. Up to now,
Nuclear-related weapons using is still a controversial issue and able to result in the
international turmoil.

Over the decades, the term “nuclear disarmament” has been appealed by many nations
and NGOs, which comes to the definition “The act of reducing nuclear weapons or
the process leading to complete the elimination of nuclear power.” People making
endeavors to carry out the goal, many treaties were signed among states, among
which the most renowned and signed are Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons (NPT) and Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). NPT,
established in 1968, for the purpose of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and
weapons technology; CTBT, in 1996, a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear
explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. Both of them
will both be thoroughly introduced on the following part.

Several important organizations play in roles to promote the disarmament of nuclear

weapons. International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) was established in 1957,
seeking to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any
military purpose, including nuclear weapons. UNODA (United Nations office for
disarmament affairs), a part of the secretary generals’ programme in 1998, aims the
global norms of disarmament. Few treaties have been enacted and signed, and several
action have been taken through the assistance of these two organizations.

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 The establishment of nuclear-weapons-free-zone(NWFZ) is another regional approach
to strengthen global nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament norms and consolidate
international efforts towards peace and security. Signed with IAEA (International
Atomic Energy Agency), there are five treaties enacted to found regional NWFZs.
Simply said, NWFZs are a given area in which a group of states has freely established
by treaty or convention that bans the use, development, or deployment of nuclear
weapons.

Despite seemingly so smooth for the development of nuclear disarmament, the debate
never ends. Public are still sunk into the fear of nuclear weapons, particularly some
extreme using of them. Nuclear terrorism is one. Still rampant all over the globe,
there's no yet a feasible and effective solution triumphing over it. Plus, the
considerable force of nuclear weapons making the nuclear states unwilling to dispel
their existing advantage, “ the balance of terror” remains, still unsolved.

Involved different disputes regarding interests and other factors, nuclear disarmament
is a complicated issue, and it is hard to be fully solved. Rather than trying to
eliminating nuclear using, delegates are suggested to find a feasible solution that
corresponds to your countries stances, meanwhile securing international peace.

Case Study:

After the World War II

Brief Background
After the United States of America dropped two nuclear bombs separately on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders without condition immediately. The WWII
has officially ended since then; however, this does not mean international peace is
successfully achieved. The Soviet Union and the United States of America, each
represented the communist and the democratic, were still having multiple conflicts.
From Eastern Europe to Korea Peninsula, it soon became the wrestling between the
North America Treaty Organizations and the Warsaw Pacts.

Cold War
The term “cold war” is first used by a British writer George Orwell. It was used in the
book “You and the Atomic Bomb” to describe “a state which was at once

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 unconquerable and in a permanent state of 'cold war' with its neighbors". Basically,
it’s a status when two or more countries are in an argument but are afraid of a
potential world war three that can easily destroy the world. Therefore, they turn an
actual battle of weapons and army into all sorts of war such as cyberwar, information
war, armed race, or more. Those warfares focused on how to gain more advantage and
influence so they will have more chances to win when an actual war come.

Cause and Effect

Even though in cold war, no direct conflicts and war should happen, there are still
multiple indirect battles such as the Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuba Crisis, or more.
Some of those indirect conflicts hugely change the modern situations, take North
Korea as an example. Despite all those conflicts, the indirect conflicts change the
current world hugely as well. Most of the nuclear weapons now existed are produced
during the cold war, because of the armed race between US and USSR. Now, most of
our issues on nuclear weapons are mostly caused by the cold war.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Crisis is the most intense time when US and USSR nearly start a World War
III. The crisis started by a secret agreement between Cuba and the Soviet Union, they
agreed to place a nuclear missile base at Cuba. The missile is only 90 miles away from
Florida, which will be incredibly easy USSR to launch a missile and reached the
target. Therefore, US immediately set a blockade on the sea to prevent Soviet Union
navies reaching Cuba. The crisis brings the world 13 days of uncertain and anxiety, it
would be more like a nuclear trade (both nations shooting at each other) if there’s no
agreement between the two countries. Nuclear trade will cause an immense
irreversible impact on both countries and the Earth. The crisis ends out with a deal of
removal of the nuclear missiles in both Cuba and Turkey. The US also has to promise
that they will not invade Cuba. This crisis is the most intense one that is very close to
another world war.

A glance at the Democratic People Republic of Korea

Brief Background
North Korea was first a colonized by Japan during and before the World War II. After
WWII, Japan surrender without conditions; therefore, Japan has to give up all his
conquered regions. The trusteeship council decided that the Korean Peninsula should
be divided into two by the 38th parallel line. North region will be held by the Soviet
Union and the south will be the USA. However, causes the future conflict and
situation hugely.

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Korean War
The Korean War begins when the army of North Korea cross the 38th parallel line and
invade South Korea. With the help of USSR, they nearly forced South Korea out of
the Korean Peninsula by forcing them to defend at the very last part of the territory.
Soon, the United Nations Security Council passed several resolutions: S/RES/82,
S/RES/83, S/RES/84, S/RES 85. Those resolutions include contents such as invoke
military actions toward North Korea, or the US will be the united army commander.
The Soviet Union, one of the five permanent countries in Security Council, was
supposed and could easily veto all of those resolutions. However, they boycotted the
United Nations to demand a spot for the People Republic of China, and it clearly
proved that this action has backfired toward themselves. Soon after, the Korean
Peninsula return to its original status, divided into two countries by the 38th parallel
line.

After the Korean War

In 1985, North Korea had signed the Treaty of the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons and had become one of its members. Also, in 1994, North Korea and the
USA had entered an agreement framework that North Korea will shut down all
nuclear weapon-related buildings and reactors. However, those agreements and
peacefulness soon collapsed.

The withrawal from Non-Prliferation Treaty

In 2002, the United States of America president George W. Bush give a speech of
“Axis of Evil”. The agreement framework and the promise of shutting down all sorts
of nuclear reactors was out of the question. North Korea expelled the International
Atomic Energy Agency and quit the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

From Pawn to Playmaker

Since the withdrawal, North Korea had been developing Nuclear Warhead and had
done several missiles testing. From 2005-2017, North Korea had shot numerous
missiles. Some of the missiles flew through the boundaries of South Korea and Japan.
United Nations Security Council passed S/RES/1695, S/RES/1718, S/RES/1874,
S/RES/2087, S/RES/2094, S/RES/2270, S/RES/2321, S/RES/2356, S/RES/2371,
S/RES/2375, S/RES/2397, for the purpose of implementing and strengthened
sanctions to prevent North Korea developments on nuclear weapons and warhead.
However, the successful launch of Hwasong-15 has proved all previous resolutions
fail its purpose. North Korea is now a country that owns nuclear weapons. The
deterrent of nuclear from North Korea is huge, no countries can ignore this enormous
“bargaining chip”. Therefore, there are multiple negotiations and meetings due to the
fact that North Korea is now not a pawn that can be ignored anymore. Therefore, the
decisions by North Korea is successful to achieve their expectation to gain a spot
around the world.

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International Frameworks:

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

The treaty is signed on July 1, 1968, by a total of 189 member states, which is by far
the largest parties signed of any arms control agreement. All five “Nuclear Weapons
States,” (NWS) which are also the permanent members of the security council had
signed the agreement. The four countries that have not signed the NPT are India,
Pakistan, Israel, and South Sudan. The former two are openly recognized as countries
that possess nuclear arms. As for Israel, it is ambiguous if the country does possess
any nuclear weapons with the refusal of the Israeli government to confirm the status.
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea signed the agreement on December 12,
1985 but withdraw from the treaty in January 2003.

The objective of the agreement is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and
promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy with its long-term goal to achieve nuclear
disarmament. The agreement defines “Nuclear Weapons States” as countries that built
and tested nuclear devices prior to January, 1, 1967, these countries are United States,
United Kingdom, France, China, and Russian Federation. The importance of this
agreement can be seen as South Africa, whose country possess nuclear arms has
voluntarily dismantled the device after the signing of NPT.

Article I of NPT stated that nuclear weapon states must “not in any way to assist,
encourage, or induce any nuclear arms to non-nuclear countries. In addition,
non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS) are obliged not to acquire any nuclear weapons or
to "seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons,” as stated in
Article II. Another important part of the treaty is the recognition of the peaceful uses
of nuclear weapons. According to Article IV, the treaty advocates every state of their
freedom in researching and developing nuclear energy with peaceful purpose. In the
2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on NPT, the inequality between
nuclear weapon states and non-nuclear weapons that NWS has the right to carry
nuclear weapon whereas NWS are prohibited to developing such arms rise to the
surface as complaints on this matter emerged. The credibility of the agreement is also
challenged by India and Pakistan’s declaration of the possession of nuclear weapons
in 1998 without any serious penalty.

Comprehensive Nuclear Test -Ban Treaty (CTBT)

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty has its objective of banning all nuclear
explosions of any purposes. The treaty was adopted on September 10, 1996, but has
not yet come into force as eight states, including the People Republic of China,

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Democratic People Republic of Korea, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the
United States of America has not ratified the treaty. The Preparatory Commission for
the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is an
international organization based in Vienna, Austria. Established in 1997 after the
CTBT, the organization’s purposes it to construct a verification regime that detects all
nuclear tests. With several nuclear testing performed by the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea, the verification regime successfully detects all six of them. After
CTBT has come into force, the Comprehensive Nuclear- Test- Ban Treaty
Organization (CTBTO) will be established to operate a worldwide monitoring system
and conduct inspections on controversial areas.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (J​ CPOA)

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran Nuclear
deal is an agreement signed on July 14, 2015 by Iran, the Permanent 5 + 1 (USA, UK,
France, Russian Federation, China, Germany), and the European Union (EU). JCPOA
address the issue of the nuclear program of Iran that the country is intended to develop
nuclear arms. The treaty has a fifteen years term, and after the term has ended, the
restrictions of the treaty will no longer be enforced.

On May 8, 2018, the Trump administration declared that the United States of America
would withdraw from the agreement, stating the deal was “horrible.” President Trump
also issued a Presidential Memorandum ordering the ​reinstatement of the economic
sanction on Iran. Countries that signed the deal openly criticize USA’s withdrawal and
stated they will strive to maintain the treaty even after USA’s withdrawal. In
response, Iran filed a lawsuit to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) stating the
sanction the US implemented had violated the 1995 Treaty of Amity, Economic
Relations and Consular Rights between Iran and the US. The US had tried to throw
the case down by arguing that ICJ has no jurisdiction over the dispute; nevertheless,
ICJ has made its judgment that the US did violate the treaty and order the state to
lessen the sanction. To counter ICJ’s ruling, the Trump administration decided to
terminate the Amity treaty.

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

This is the first legally binding instrument that prohibits all nuclear weapons with its
prospective goal of total elimination. The treaty was passed on July 7, 2017. Dated to
September 2018, 69 countries had signed the agreement and 19 have ratified it.
Negotiations of drafting the treaty had two conferences that ran from March 27, 2017
to 31 and June 15 to July 7. During the vote for the draft, 122 were in favor, one,
which is the Netherlands voted against and one, which is Singapore abstained from
the vote. Among the 69 countries that didn’t vote, all of them were members of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and NWS. Immediately after the vote,

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 the US, the UK, and France released a joint statement stating they “ do not intend to
sign, ratify or ever become a party” to the treaty. Instead of showing support to the
treaty, the states are calling for more advanced implementation of the Article IV in the
NPT.

Resolutions passed by the United Nations

There are several resolutions passed in the effort of nuclear disarmament. For
example, passed resolution 14/1378 of the General Assembly in 1959, resolution
69/66 on the “Third Conference of State Parties and Signatories to Treaties that
establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia” (2014), which stressed the
importance of establishing nuclear-free zones, and resolution 70/40 during the 70th
Session of the General Assembly in 2015.

On October 27, 2016, The United Nations General Assembly First Committee
adopted resolution 71/L.41 stating to start negotiations in order to draft an agreement
calling for the total ban of nuclear weapons. Over 123 Member States voted in favor
of the resolution, while states with nuclear weapons and their allies voted against. All
these resolutions set a solid foundation for the United Nations in reaching its goal of
nuclear disarmament.

Important roles:

USA
USA is the first country to develop nuclear weapons and to use them on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki in World War II, making USA the only country using nuclear weapons.
USA possesses approximately 6,800 nuclear weapons. In 2010 there were about 200
tactical missiles deployed in five NATO countries, which are Belgium, Italy, Turkey,
Germany, and the Netherlands; for achieving extended deterrence.

In 1996 USA signed the ​Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)​ but the
senate voted against the ratification of this treaty three years later. Even now USA did
not participate in the negotiation of the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons(TPNW). It has claimed that it intends never to join the treaty.US has also
failed to fulfill its legally binding disarmament obligations under the NPT.

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On October 20,2018, US President Donald Trump issued a statement that US is going
to withdraw ​Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty(INF) because it considered
Russia has been breaking this treaty. On the other side, Russia denied this allegation and
countered that if US continued to do so, it would have no choice but to take retaliatory
measures.

Russian Federation
The second country to develop nuclear weapons. It has the largest arsenal of any
country and is investing heavily in the modernization of its warheads. Russia, which
possesses approximately 7,000 nuclear weapons, viewing nuclear weapons as a mean
of maintaining its superior status in the world. It is actively upgrading the delivery
system of nuclear weapons such as submarines, ballistic missiles. Thus, Russia has
been holding a negative attitude on negotiating TPNW which is thought of as a
counter against NPT.

Russia has been effectively implementing the reduction nuclear weapons and delivery
systems it inherited from Soviet Union. Russian Federation has made a lot of efforts
on dismantling nuclear warheads. However, since 2013 it has allowed many of the
cooperative agreements with either European countries or US expired owing to its
deteriorating relationship with US. Meanwhile,it firmly declared that it would not
support,sign or ratify TPNW.

The recent conflict between Russian Federation and Ukraine can worsen the situation.
Given the need for defense, it is likely to increase the difficulty that Russia can
achieve a consensus with other countries on nuclear weapons reduction.

India
India did not join NPT for all countries are required to be ​non-nuclear weapon states
under this treaty except for the five states---US, China, Russian Federation, France,
UK. There is no possibility India will sign NPT under the situation that India
perceived nuclear weapons as the key power to maintain its dominant status in South
East.

With US determined support, India has been trying to join Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) which can provide India with a better international market for exports and
imports of nuclear-related materials. Also, becoming a member of NSG makes India
have access to foreign advanced nuclear technologies. Most important of all, it means
India has a place on the global political stage.

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Nonetheless,with China and Pakistan’s objection, India failed to achieve its goal over
and over again. Another reason India is blocked is that India did not sign NPT or
CTBT, which is used as the most legitimate approach to keep India outside the door.

Pakistan
It is making substantial improvements to its nuclear arsenal and associated
infrastructure with a view to balancing India’s military superiority. It has increased
the size of its nuclear arsenal in recent years. ​Pakistan now possesses approximately
130 to 140 nuclear weapons. Although it regularly claims its support for the
prohibition of nuclear weapons, its determination to nuclear disarmament remains
questionable.

Pakistan is the minority country still increasing the number of nuclear weapons. In
September 2016, satellite imagery depicted Pakistan constructing a new uranium
enrichment facility. Even more, the fact that it signed neither CTBT nor NPT poses a
risk to the international community security.

The development of Pakistan’s nuclear power mainly relies on the assistance from
China and North Korea, which is inclusive of missiles, reactors as well as materials. It
resulted in the escalation of Pakistan’s force from convention to modernization.

Iran
Iran has been a non-nuclear weapon state in NPT since the 1970s. With the complete
and advanced nuclear program enabling Iran to produce highly enriched uranium for a
nuclear weapon, Iran has been the subject of international sanction until the Joint
Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA) signed in 2016. Nevertheless, due to the
withdrawal of USA from the JCPOA in 2018, the situation got more unexpectable and
complicated.

Israel should take some responsibility for the withdrawal of USA. On April 30,2018,
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced the evidence stolen from
Iran,which has not officially been confirmed by IAEA and some main European
countries yet,suggesting Iran has been developing nuclear weapons. Iran strongly
denied the accusation by Israel and reclaimed that creating mass destruction weapon
is against its position in NPT.

The statement, which happened to be made before the key moment USA has to decide
whether to extend JCPOA, eventually led to the fact that the USA vows to renounce
the 2015 agreement. Even though Donald Trump’s decision to exit the deal, Iran has
not restarted the nuclear fuel production. Nonetheless, if the USA economic sanctions
resumes, it is possible for Iran to ignore JCPOA.

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 North Korea
North Korea once signed NPT in 1985 but it constantly stopped the inspectors in
IAEA from entering its nuclear complex,which aroused international community’s
suspicion. In 2002 North Korea admitted the accusation from USA about its
under-table development of nuclear weapons. North Korea unilaterally withdrew from
NPT in January 2003 and has conducted six nuclear tests since 2006.

After the withdrawal from NPT, USA, China, Japan, Russian Federation, South Korea
sought another method,which is Six-Party Talks, to reach denuclearization in Korean
Peninsula. However, this way was blocked and there was no substantial measure
taken during this long-term negotiation. It is regarded as a failure on the path to
eliminate North Korea issue.

Not until the historic​ ​U.S.-North Korean summit​ was held did the situation turn
around. North Korea had shut down the only nuclear test site it owned to show its
determination to achieve a consensus of establishing a stable region in East Asia
before the summit started. On June 12, 2018 this summit drew worldwide attention to
Singapore where the leaders of the two countries met. Trump and Kim reaffirmed that
North Korea will commit to work toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean
Peninsula.

In spite of the fact that there isn’t any timetable or practical plan reached. Even more
it was criticized due to its ambiguity and generality, it is still a remarkable progress in
North Korea nuclear issue. For the realistic consideration, USA is still calling for
maintaining the maximum pressure on North Korea by economic sanctions although
Russia and China hold opposite opinions. Trump’s administration firmly believe that
sanctions will not end until North Korea shows a greater commitment.

Question to Answer:
1. How important and impactful nuclear weapon is?
2. Are those treaties and agreements executable and efficient?
3. What potential or incoming risk are if nuclear isn’t disarmed?
4. What is the reasons that nuclear disarmament is an incredibly struggling and difficult
issue solve?
5. What are the obstacles to execute a meaningful disarmament resolutions?

Question a Resolution Must Answer:

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 1. What are the resolutions to solve the potential nuclear hazards?
2. How to define and clarify the balance between safety nuclear development and
military purpose nuclear weapons?
3. Are the current treaties on nuclear disarmament perfect and flawless? If not, what will
be the resolutions to achieve a better treaties?
4. How can nations solve issues related to illegal nuclear development?

Further Discussion:
The nuclear disarmament and international security and peace is an extremely tough
and complicated issue that has been brought out on United Nations conferences
countless times. However, despite all these efforts and hardworking negotiation, we
still haven’t seen a huge progress so far. To be more accurate, we are still under the
threat and fear of tremendous nuclear power. There are numerous perspective on this
issue such as but not limited to: NWFZ, nuclear terrorism, treaties or agreements,
illegal nuclear weapons development. Delegates are expected to discuss widely on
different aspects, with a broad range of view. However, in a resolution, there should
be a focus point and specific solving matters.

Suggestions for further research:

● https://www.nti.org/learn/countries/
● https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2018
● https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33521655
● http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/
● http://www.nuclearfiles.org/

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