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Chapter 15
Connecting LANs,
Backbone Networks,
and Virtual LANs
Based on
15.1 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
1
5/8/2010
Based on
15.3 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.4 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
2
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Based on
15.5 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.6 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
3
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Based on
15.7 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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Function of a repeater
A hierarchy of hubs
Based on
15.10 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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Based on
15.11 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Transparent Bridges
Based on
15.12 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
6
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Transparent Bridges
Learning:
early bridges had static forwarding table
manually administrated
simple,
simple but not practical
better solution
dynamic table management that maps addresses to
ports automatically
bridge gradually learns from the frame movement
Source address is used for adding entries to the table and for
updating purposes.
Based on
15.13 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.14 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
7
5/8/2010
Based on
15.15 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Spanning Tree
Based on
15.16 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
8
5/8/2010
Based on
15.17 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.18 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
9
5/8/2010
Based on
15.19 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.20 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
10
5/8/2010
Based on
15.21 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.22 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
11
5/8/2010
must visit.
visit
The addresses of these bridges are included in the
frame.
The frame contain the source and destination address,
and the address of all the bridges to be visited
Used with Token Ring LANs (not very common
today)
Based on
15.23 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
D t rate
Data t
each LAN type has its own data rate
difference
bit order, security, multimedia support (quality of
service), ….
Based on
15.24 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
12
5/8/2010
Two-Layer Switch
Performs at the physical and data link layers.
It is a bridge with many ports
Design that allows better (faster) performance
No collision
Filtering based on the MAC address of the frame it
received (like bridge)
More sophisticated( buffer, switching factory that
forward frames faster)
New two-layer switches (called cut-through switches)
They have been designed to forward the frame as soon as
they check the MAC addresses in the header of the frame.
Based on
15.25 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Routers
Three-layer devices that routes packets based on their
logical addresses (host-to-host addressing)
Connects LANs and WANs in the Internet.
Based on
15.26 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
13
5/8/2010
Three-layer Switch
Based on
15.27 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.28 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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5/8/2010
Gateway
Normally operates in all five layers of the Internet or
seven layers of OSI model.
It takes an application message,
message reads it,
it and interrupts
it.
It used as connecting device between two
internetworks that use different models.(OSI or
Internet)
Can p provide security(
y( filter unwanted application-layer
pp y
messages)
Based on
15.29 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.30 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
15
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Bus backbone
Based on
15.31 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Bus backbone
Based on
15.32 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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Star backbone
In a star backbone, the topology of the backbone is
a star; the backbone is just one switch.
sometimes called a collapsed or switched backbone.
Mostly used as a distribution
backbone inside
a multi-floor building
Based on
15.33 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
A point-to-point link
acts as a LAN in a
remote backbone
connected by remote
bridges
Based on
15.34 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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5/8/2010
Based on
15.35 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
VIRTUAL LANs
VLANs
each VLAN is a workgroup in the organization
Based on
15.36 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
18
5/8/2010
Based on
15.37 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.38 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
19
5/8/2010
VLAN characteristic
Any station can be logically moved to another VLAN
All members belonging to a VLAN can receive broadcast messages
sent to that particular VLAN
peoples in different buildings (LAN) could be in the same
workgroup
it groups stations belonging to one or more physical LANs into
broadcast domains
stations in a VLAN communicate with one another as though they
Based on
15.40 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
20
5/8/2010
Membership
Membership
p is characterized byy port
p numbers,, MAC
addresses, IP addresses, Multicast IP addresses, or a
combination of the above
Configuration
Based on
15.41 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
Based on
15.42 th
Data Communications and Networking, 4 Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan
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