ETYMOLOGICAL

GEOGRAPHY: j

BEING A 1
i

CLASSIFIED LIST i

OF TERMS OF...

T.A.Gibson ^

IP
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Google
DiQitiz^v Google
ETYMOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY

CLASSIFIED LIST
OF

TERMS OF MOST FREQUENT OCCURRENCE,

SVTBBlirOy AS

PREFIXES OR POSTFIXES,
IITTO THE

COMPOSITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

nmuTDBD Fom thb osb or TSAcaxms. amo AmrAMcsD RODBiTt or •ooBAriT,

AMD AS A RSVnSMCS-aogK W ABOGmAVBICAI. STTMOMOm*

By T. A. QIBSON,
If ASTSB or cAinrnf^ aotmAiw avo aotbor or *' a ruM€B»
HOUtMf AMD &ATIM irOGABUIAmT.**

EDINBURGH
OLIVER & BOYD STIRLING ; ft K£NN£Y ; aitd

ALEXANDER MACREDIE
8IMPKIN4 MAKSUALL, &. CO.; WiillXAKEH &. CO., LONDON; AND
JOHN CUICMINO, DUBLIN*

MDCCCXXXV.

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 *

EDINBURGH
PRINTED BY H. & J. PILLANS, ^. JA3IES*S COURT.

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 TO

THE RIGHT HONOUKABL£

SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, OF ULBSTER, Bart.

WHOSB GBNIUS ORIGINATED^

AND

TO THE CLERGY OF SCOTLAND,

BT WHOSB PATRIOTIC COOPERATION HB WAS

BNABLBD TO COMPLBTB^

" THE STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND/'

A Work> which has established the hterary and scientific^ as

well as the religious and moral, diameter of that Venerable Body^

beyond all competition ; and which daims, in a peculiar manner^

the gratitude of every lover of his species, from the comprehensive

Ysriety of its important practical suggestions, with a view to

improve the moral and physical condition of the people ;

THIS ETYMOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY,

In consideration of the many useful Hints derived from that Work,

in the department of Scottish Etymologies,

IS I^SCaiB£D, WITH MUCH RESPECT,

BY THE AUTHOR.

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 PREFACE.

This Manual is intended to supply what the Author

Iw long cpnsidered a d08ideratum iu all (Ktmpilation^ of

Geography ; it does not in the least Bupeiaede^ but is sup*

plementary to them.
All Geograj^bical.naniesy however obscure^ ambiguoust
9Dd in many cases unattainable the knowledge of t^eir.
eomponent parts may ti/ow be, conveyed oiisii^aUy a meao-
ing, arising from some peeuliarity of appearance, 8itaation»
or other circumstance. Much has, of late years, been done
towards facilitating to the youthful muid th§ IqiQwjedge of
the etymol<^ies of words, by which a spirit of enquiry into
their original import has been very successfully engeadered.
This process, from which undoubted advantages have re-
sulted to other branches of knowledge, has been but par-
tially applied to Geography, though this seems (o b^ tjhc;

department upon which the light of Etymology can be

brought to shed its strongest rays. . .

Throughout the work, the Auth<Nr has j^ed to givA

to Geographical Names in the British Islands thiit decided
prominence, which their relative importance to tjie Y^^tfe.
of these countries seems to claim. In inviestigating .thqfe.
Names, many Continental ones, identically the same in.

meaning, but differing slightly in orthography and pro-.

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VI PREFACE.

nunciatioii, were brought under his notice. Though he

^had a particular view to the classification of Terms of
British and Continental etymology, yet, to impart a geiiC'
ral character to the work, he has incorporated a few, not
ranking under this description, but recommended by their
frequent occurrence in Systems of Geography. To aid
the student in remembering etymologies, historical, de-
scriptive, or other explanatory information has been fre-
quently given in the form of notes.
In analyzing the component parts of names of Towns,
the enquirer is forcibly struck by the similarity of circum-
stances that have detennined infant sodeties in the choice
of their situation. A variety of situations, as holding
out inducements to nascent communities for the formation
of a settlement, might be pointed out ; and not unfre-
quently the name itself indicates the degree of advance-
ment in civilization, to which the original founders had
attained. A preference was given to an eminence, from
die feudlities of defence it afforded ; to the confluence of
rivers ; or to the junction of one with the sea, where,
besides other advantages, fishing in both might be enjoyed.
A site was settled upon in favour of the fordable part
of a river, whose adjoining pastures might be available for
the herds, and whose waters might serve for culinary and
other purposes. Here, at first, the precarious footing of
stepping-stones, and afterwards a bridge, which, in a less ad-
vanced age, was composed of wood, and, as the place rose in
importance, of stone, successively connected the opposite
banks. The erection of a place of worship has often, in a
religious age, congregated to its neighbouxfaood, as a centre,
the scattered population of a district, and imparted its name
to the rising village. Places have frequently, too, derived

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 F&EIACK. Vii

their Dames horn having been the theatre of signal erent%

as, a great victory, the death or interment of a king, or
other illustrious individualy &c*
Wherever the human spedies has been collected to any
considerable amount, there names were attached to the
different physical objects of the surrounding country. For
obvious reasons, the names of Cities, Towns, Villages,
Hamlets, &c« preponderate in all countries where the
population bears a due proportion to their extent^ and the
most important generally gives its name to the district,
I»ovince, county, &c. in which it lies. Such conyen-
tional divisions are, therefore, to be considered of a date
somewhat posterior to that of the towns themselves. An
examination of the Shires of Great Britain will serve to
illustrate this remark : and from the Appendix, at page 74,
&c. it will be perceived that their partition arose from
causes quite different from those advanced in the following
passage.
The territorial divisions of England are not the con-
sequence of a legislative act of any single governing body
they are the effect of the ancient partition of the country
among powerful chiefe. The counties were their shires or
shares (forit is the same word,) of territory. Thus Berk-
a corruption of Beroc's share^ the share of Beroc,
shire is
a powerful chieftain. These shares, of course, varied ac-
cording to the accidents of warfare and aggrandisement." *
It is well known that Alfred the Great divided England
into 32 counties. This number has since been augmente4

* See Coutin's Report on Public Tnetnictioii in. PnMds; tnmilatedby

Sanh Attftiii. Explanatory Notes, page 26.

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Vlll PREFACE.

to 4O9 audi including Wales, to 52« Each Couuiy was on-

ginaily ^ovtoi^
a Coiiii^^
faywho, on his dignity and tide
becoming hereditary, appointed a deputy, called the Shire-
r^eoe^ Shrieve^ or Sheriffs that is, the manager of the
-
Shire or Share. .

In using this recommended that the

Manual, it is

Teacher, as the occurrence of one or more of the Terms

inay occasionally suggest to him, prescribe a portion, upon
which the pupil may undergo examination in the following
manner. Question^ The town at the mouth of the Dee ?
Answer, Aberdeen. Of the Don? Aberdon, now Old
Aberdeen. Of the Brothoek ? Aberbrothock. Into what
is it corrupted? Arbroath. Do you know any other
terms of similar import ? Inver, Mouth, Monde," &c.
During this cross examination, in addition to the infor-
mation affotded in the notes, the Teacher can easily impart
an interest to the subject, by directing the pupil's atten-
tion to the &ct, that certain Terms are peculiar to Certain
countries and districts of countries ; as, that Caster, with
its forms of Cester and Chesterj Ford, Minster^ &c. are
alifl^st exclusively confined to England 5 LUm, to Wales

BdU Inver, Kil, Inch, Ben, Glen, and Strath, &c. to

Scotland. The rare exemplification of a few Terms in
some countries might also be alluded to; as, of Burgh,
though of frequent occurrence in England, being in Scot-
laiid chiefly confined to the names, Edin-d«r^A, Erasers*
kurgh, Helens-iMrr^A, Jed-burgh, Mussel-6iir<^A, &c. ;
Ham, to the county of Roxburgh, &c.

Cavtih*s Hospital, March 1835.

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I
ETYMOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. *

L PKEFIXES.
I.-^HIKFLT APPLICABLS TO ToWHS,

Abbr, (Brit. ; Aavre, French ; ap&rturOf Latin ?) —the

Mottdi of a Rim; aa,

AbeK' Avon, Glamorgan^slure. Avon, (f. into the Bristol Chan*)

^^r-brothwick, (corruBtiQiiiiil9 BnOkmidt, (£ into ik» Creima
^-broathj) Angug-an. Ocean,)
Aher^ oonmy, Ca^marroii-aL Conwajf, (£ into the Irish Sea.)
«. v^i. u fCom. •rComjf (£into the
.<6«r- com, Linlithgow^
j Pirth of Forth.)
deen^ co. town of do. slu* J>e«> (f« into the German Ocean.)
Aber^ don, or Old -^^r-deen. Don, (f. into do.)
Aher^ dour, Fife-sh. Dowr, (f. intothe Firth of Forth.)
Aber^ gavenny, Monmouth-sh. Gavenny, (confl. with the Usk.)
Aber- gwilly, Carmarthen-sh. Gwilly, (confl. with the Towey.)
Aber~ nethy, Moray-sh. t NetAy, (confl* with the Spey.)

T«-^.(f. into St G«>r^-s Chan.)

^*Ca,^':)ilto^^BL'}
Aber<^ ystwith» Camd^-eh. YthMh (f» into the Irudi Sea.)

• P«r-wick, (for y^5er-wick,) Northumberland-sh.-^^'^he town

{mc) at the mouth (of the Tweed.)

* Tbeie were anciently wrftM Ain* dene, Abre* ntAy, Ac

<|* netby, Perth^h. i. e. the wkof iVeofM or Nethan, It if
ft corruption for Ohair Neachtain (opuf-eris, Lftt.), a Pictiali King, wha

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 XnifOLOOICAL GSOOBArat*

Foeh.4i6er», Moray-sh,* t. €• the gnm plain at the mou^t.

HumAeTp the humvoing numA, is ao named, according to Som^
ner^ from die great hum of its waters at the flowing and ebbingai"
Loch-a6er^ a district of Inyeroess-sh., so called^ according to
sorne, from being, as it were, the mbuth of the locki, thsft, by ineai#
of the Caledonian Canal, now connect the Atlantic and Geitnah
Oceans. J
Aher is a parish in Caernarvon -sh. To the same may be re-
ferred the Art-oM and Cant-^i^'y nations of ancient Spain*

AucuiN, (achadbf Gael.) —a Field; as,

^«cAm. caim,Kirkcudbright-8h, ^i^^^^fktAA

^2/d&»«. Ayr-sh.
cloitih, •
ut.r^^
.
m^i^m^, (daeh.J1
Auckin^^u, parish, Abe- c^x. w
of the ;>wr^i/. H
deen^h.
AwMn^ leck> parish, Ayr-sfa. 0f roet or time, (kae*) %
Auehin^ leith, Aberdeen-sh. i. e, yroy field, Cliatk.J.
.

Auehin* taunter, Sutherland-sh. oF the cAonfer, or singer; IT

Atukuu tieasurich, do; of the treasurer.

AucHTBR, (Gael.) —a Height; as, .

.

Auditer^ aider, Perth -sh. i. e. the summit of the height.*^

* Foich properly means a plain for rendecvous of weapon-shaw, which

was frequently practised here ; and the two waters, the Spey and Focbabeiii
unite here. In the vicinity it is generally called Foch*aber.
•f The estuary separating the shires of York and Lincoln, and formed
by the waters of the Yorkshire Ouse, Trent, &.c Hence the modem
county of Nordi'»il«iii^4aiid, wliidi ooeiiidet but i snuill pdMen of the
sadflOt divUiltoii'df duit atme under the HcpCaiciiji i.
. Die kukt noHh nf
ihe Humber, whi<^ eiti^ded to. the Fifth of Vadk. Aecordiii^ toiilfaci%.

hoirever, it is supposed to have derived its name from a noted piiste of Ae

Mune of Humherj who was drowned between Hull and Barton.
$ According to others, however, from a little loch lying in the midst of
• large shaking moss, called Loch-na-eabar, i. e. the loch in the mire or bog«
n According to Buchanan, Luthlac, son to the usurper Macbeth, was
^rsued by Malcolm through the ' valley of this parish, and afterwards slain
in the valley of Bogie. *-
'
•
Jt* Roduydhiefly
of /r^tf-tlone, appew in iiKMl places In die
^ Both are in the vicinity of die Cathedral of BonMMU.
The Chiiidi ifjflseed apon

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 rBBFIXJBS*.

Auektet^ hon0d$ pombj Angus* .Le. the houu

*
or kirk m tha
. fhixe* . ,
height.

>*«r. .1 pansh, Fife^.

A t^, tool, • . 1 f on the 2Ve/, (f. into Firth of
^ Forth.) for Auditar4eet .

Bal; Ball; &c. (Sailef Gael.) —a Village or

Township; as,

£a/- chottie^ Fife^. ef the CkruHet, (an anc fiunuly.)

(aneienMeofTam)1loei^ >
2>a<»«»i«, or Duu^us. t
'
^a/-inadellan,Kirkudhri|^kt-8t% of ike MacMlans. ^
bal- maghie, do. of the Maghies. \\

BaU merino, Fife-sh. on the sea, or Firth (of Tay.) §

BaL na- gown, Hoss-sh. i. e. of the smiths. IT

Bal' quhidder^ Perth-ah* , in the centre offive glens,

IW: TOird-Cartk, d«. ' " *^

;

{^"l^J^^f**
^a//- an- trac, Ayr-sh.
BaU. Ba^tmA,iom^i
\ •

• ' '^'^ ^
^, l l\
-

i^'^V^)
BalU^gany, Angm-ih. «f King Edgar. . .

JBatL ingr>', Fifelalu' qn. of the Cnw, or imH. *T

BMn. Co. Mayo.

"^Mtk.)^'
— -f
. - - » w

* The Tillage is built on the ridge of an eminence in the middle of

jBtmilMrn^ wkA command i oa ^ N. and £« aa ezteaaive proipect of the

f He«MAMlBt» tiMwalbflfwIiMciMpdiBdieiiriahboiiilmklef Ae
lovn an ttill
•lindlog. His ntfiie Is modernised into Duthus,
X Onve ft powerful ftmUx htni * considerable biandi 0t which has till
lately, for seFeral centuriea» possessed the lands contiguous to the churcK
—
and village. In names of places, / and m
are often silent ; as, Ba/maclellan*
Ba^maghie ; C«Mbua«kenii«|b» Cnwhumrthan ; Colxmif Outas; Pa/kdth,
Da/ry, dec.
I For about six centuries before 1786, the family of Maghie of BaU
yis y an nB * iMasife esMssIa dilsp«$ of the coimtif, ai»4 Msided hfre.
i The oia abbsy Is called bjr Leslie MtO^mtumtum^ and by Fotdiui^
BabUaeuhuD ^.iHFarf.
% Such names of plaasa laeal to mlod Iba domestic economy of the
ftudal Barons^ wlu> aeem to have paid the wages of their menials and trades-
men in land. UsMS wa find ibe Smiikt^ Ifaa Boar-nakm*, the Fipcn:
(GM^
dec dec
These initials, which are frequently found inscribed on cro»»et erected
Im honour of Qimuwaxty, repr^ot J$sus Natfar^wi^ iU^ J udu€Qr%m^ foe
^» N« ft*

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 XTTMOLOaiOAIi aSOBBAFHT.

£elL adr^, lavanwes-sh. V"^^^ Sd)^' ^^"^^

^'"^'^ ^""^
Tor. iotf, Sutherland^ ^
\ Tt^^'ST"^'

Bbait; Bbl; &c, (Ft. tim belbtgf Lal^)— Fine^ Fkasant^

BiBirtifiil ; as^ '
^ -
.

Beau** fyn, VtkM, ht. &e. i e. plMHOity ter^irt

JfewrfL fey, ttron»rter^ / do-iAice, (/^, Fr, Lat

JBSmii. daiert, (or B«&-^1
«ert, corrupted into ^uz^ > pleasant r^^r^at
zard,) Warwick-sh,
j
HM^ tnttif
JitfiMM^ tnftri«
,
AndlMM^
Allgt«M. / fnarsk or fen, (^etfiw osa,
mct^, Lat.)
-J
Beau^ mont, F^rahce, &c. i. e. on a fine mount
%
BeL haven, Haddington-sh, do. haven or harbour* ||
Bel- vodere palace, Rome, and do. to behold, (v§der€, ItaL aii4
BeLroix castle, Leicester-sh. tmr, Fn) $

^"(^tJSt) «• tte>«^.» rf fine

^^f^}
'liEiSi?'
^* } ao. fine jwrt or harbour.

2?«^ Ay«^ (Spui.) do. ^^^^ ^^'^ ^*

{ *^u^:,eO^
* So JDiMn i« aiM to this day in the Itkh kagnage, fVoib the
hiM^dUs or #MH teMI^ iladcd fetf Ibo aaHvo Iiiab ia tho to MMt
«fttch fish.
.
t So Tof-iy) Fife^li« i. e. the King*s height.
± It commaodB a pleasant view of
*^
the plain extending on the riirht bank
eftkeOile.
I Uh * tMb
•

of DttnlNir^ pleasantly ttfoiied oa a

•

lotr M at M
I The former is one of the Pope*! palaces, and the tatter a seal of the
Duke of Rutland. Bel'Vedere, OntoOy ii in a delightful sitnation.
^ A palace of the Kings of France. The name of Fon$ Sliaiidi seems
to confirm the common opinion concerning the discovery of a spring. A
dog, named Bliaud^ belonging to Louis VII. was missed in the chase, and
after a long search was found bj the king, quenching his thirst at a stream
befote that time unknown* Thia place was afterwardt chosen as (he site of

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 0

Bl.Ai% (Jflar^ Gael.)-^ Field, or Plain clear of Woods^

^
fireqaently abounding in Mair ; as,

*,» •
A 1 •
u T> -xi. -I. /of Athde, fa subdiviBion of
Btoir. Aihole, parish, Perdi^
^ Perth-sh.)
J of Gotenrie, (a subcbTlsioa'. of
XJ perUi^)*
•
r.
Blair. Gowne, do.

BJUr. Lope, Stirling.^ of L^ttf-poriflh*

Ard- Bbtfv P«th-th, L e. dlie Aeiy^ in tbe plainj &ct!-
*

Sai- Bbfr^ ,Boig-ah> ,

. L e. township^ dp*

Cabr; Cab; &c. (Brit, castrum^ Lat.)-^-^ Fort or

Fortress, a Town; as,

Caer. leon, or Car-Ieon, Monmouth-sh. of Lieon* %

CcLer- marthen, or Car-marthen, co. \
townofdo.8L(ifar».4tefil»Oftbe > of M<^^ *

Ronuns,) J
iif^er. narvoD, or Cor-narroBji ee« town at or. arm agnast
«fdo.8h. orJlofi.$

CW- wye, or Car. wya. Flinty | ®^ a ^SS) ^/'^^

Cor- diff, CO. town of Glamorgan^sb. on the Tmf, or T<Mfe,

Car- di|Bn.«o. town rf do. th. •

{ "'^t^, ^^t.)

^ post.

Cor- lisle, oo. town of Cumberiand^. ll^^ j"^ ^ y^^^ii\jLJL

beside a ^re«c// f ppau.)TT
Car^ low, (aac Catker^on^^,) oo. town on the lotigk, or lafco (o^
of do. tbe.Panow.)

* A muir alHMindiDg with motiy it In the nmx seii^bonriuiod of Ao

viHage.
i> From Ihe dicuixiitance of the Celtic and Gaelic chiefs gmmHf
making choice of such plainn £br their Held of battle^ the icnn ftc^pMBtljr
denotes a buttle, or the site of OQ^-(^oous fngaa€*)
X An anderit British king.
II
Baxter read« Margi-dunum, from Teut. Afaerg^ (o^^) Mil dutiy
(town), because marl abounds in tbe neighbourhood,
g if ona it tbe tndeot otnit of Anglesey.
% The coonty cm^jtm an regularly held bwt. ** DtaM-tan.
ft Ctw4jd^ BtK. md nB«ni» huL H«i a Bmnimdi Mf
JTK bo SCOT.
A2

uiyui^cu Ly GoOglc
 6 STTMOLOCMMUb WeiAPHY.
Cir- lidc0> JjsaukJL of St Luke.
Carr^ iden, (coir. fiarCflwr-e^,) Lin- 1 . ^ v ^
|aiittieiwi^out.warLt
lithgow-8h.
Caf^> cart, (for Caer^caxi,) Renfrew-sh. on the Cart.
Cr- amond, (for Car-amond^) Linlith- on the Amend ot AU
.^w*ah4 mond^X
Caer* candoek, Shl»p4hii^-«<|Qie fort of Cafoetoett«.||
JEM. bean, (fitf (W^ Im^) KirkcadM^t-di. t. the high
ftvt, of ih6 fbri oil iho iMilpf^fto^. §
^LiVA- in- tulloch, Dufnbaftofi-^h. (for Caer* pen- tulach,)-^
the fort on the head or end of a MIL

Cambus^ (coMf crooked, and uisge, water, Gael.) — the

eurve or hend of a River ; aa^

Cambtis^ kenneth, Stirling-ah« in honour of Kenneth, %

CamhtLS- lang, Lanark -sh. of St Lan or Launui*

CoL^ Cul; &c. (pUj GaeL)-^tbe Back^ or Hinder

Part; afl»

Col~ leSsie, Pife-sh. of a den or hollow, }J

Coh vend, parish^ Kirkcud- i. e. of the hill^ (beann) viz. of

bright-sh* Criffel.

* andent chilicb ixrfta dedicated to that Evangelist.

Its
1"It it understood that the fiMt of the chain of Kotttilk IbfU «it lituatwl
licre. ^ This was an impoftant Roman station.
II
Here are the vestiges of the fortifications erected by that famous Bntisli
king) who defended them against Ostorius and the Koman legions.
§ About a mile and a half to the S. E. of the Church, there is a high
rising ground, called Borrow-hill, upon which has stood a Castle or Forti
sdn kwiwik by the name of the Owile-liiU, or M<Ctt]lodi*s GsMte.
•
ir A Ming of Sooibiid* The IViHh makes a hend lonnd Ois Abbey.
** The present kirk, which occupies the very spot where the old kirk
stood, is situated on the bank of a remarkably rapid and winding rivulet^
here called the Kirk-bum. St Lan was the founder of many monasteries*
'f *t* The old church was situated near a fine bending of (he Cljds*
'

%i The village is situated at the bottom of one.

Digitized by
CmL ter> pariah in Kineaidme^l . .
/a.* \ «

i
f

Dun; Du.m; &c« (Celtic; (kmumf Lat.) Drum; {Gaisl^

dhite; and dhfM»^ the
Fort on a Hill ; as«

Dmh- boTj Haddington^ .

the towa on the Aiil or height.

Dun. barton, co. town of do. ah,

(DinuWwi^-
|
Dun* fenmline> FifiMdu by the minding HmUt.
Dun. Mi, Perth-du
«f ^"
^i^^^''
^^n-rtal&age-Ca.tie, Argyle-
i.e.rf5«^(ai«ttate^).
Dwn- 83rre, Lanark-sh, i.e. the steephxW, (Dunsyath.)**^

Dun^ wich, Suffolk. the to?rn (wic) on a hill

Dum^liBne, Ferth-sh. o{ Si Blaan or Blane Af
* This fsaedy ^bioibM llie dtaatioo of the ptriihci. The Jlrsi end
marnd ate diitiognlahed ftooi the third by the tmmes of MaryJsnka, and
Mer-cete) the iHbili to whom ehapeli* wen dedicated la lie -MipeeCiTe
parishes, when Popery became the established religion.
t It has awarm expeniie to the South, and U iheltdBed bjr a hiU htbiiidf
firom the N. and N. £.
^ Because the adjoining district was the residence of a tribe of BrU0ni,
called Attacotti, till the reign of Malcolm IV.
11
Dunum Deiy the name ii said to have been givoi by David, £arl of
HttBtingdon, king WiQIani'e lNNidier» viMs ae he waa n^oniog ftem the
Rety Wer, fint dieilTed eomfiirt fiom the aii^ of thie hiU In a gieat eteim
hf vfaidi he wae ofeMakeo. la token of his gratitude he eneted a qdendid
churdu Hill seems to account aatisfactorily for the etymology, allhoilgfa
Buchanan lenders.it Tao^dunum ( ihe hUl <m lA« Ta^J, which it equally
applicable to many as conspicuous hills. Boetius names it Donum Deiy
^ 9^f^ of ^ody and accofdif^ljr in old wxitiagii and charteit it it i|>eUed
JJon-de and Don-dit.
^ It occupies the site of an aadent palace and burying-place of the
Scottish Kiogt«
•* TheroieaiemaAahtobfflin thetomedlalBficiaity ef diefiliafa> i

tt The •epwdtotef.e eciwt ef Ouidni thtw>

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jDttw- or anc. Dnim-1
«^
'
fries, . » »

fries, CO. town of do. sh. /-

DqwHt patrick, *
qo. Down. , of St Patrick, (its founder.)

Chateau- dun, France. i» e. the CMtle on the hill, t

ChaL- (fofi-piriflhy Suney. . itbimnding in chalk. %

Elinu ti£tHi.parish» Biaesoo* COYmd^witli€lm»it
6ien.€bfi, Bucks. oiiajryie0i»hill.§

Hunting.<^,cp.U.wnafdo.sh.
{•"'i^^ttJ^ir^
Snow- don, Carnarvon- sh. covered with snow, *•
Ven- dome, France. covered with vines, ft
Dunse, Berwick-sh. the old town fonnerly fttood on the top oi'
the hill ihmC'Jj^iw, (see post. Law.)
D^une, a village of Perth-&^* near Which are the pmB of
Daune Castle.'
DawM, anc kUloek$ <j£ sand near Deal oa- the Kentish coast,
now covered by the sea.
.i)Miii-pQcis, tm.artffioai -Mirer moncb of eerlih em the west
ade of the Canm4ii Stirling-sh. made by the Remans as monu*
ments of the peace concluded here between them and the Caledo-
nians ; whence the house of Dunipace derives its name. Sioth-
dhun is equivalent to Duni-pace.
CmeW'dofi parish, Essex, is supposed to be derived firom
Canuti domns, Canute, the Dane, having kept his court here.
Dun or Down, a remarkahlft MU in the pariah of j^^intry. Stir-
ling.sh.
I)ron.parish, Perth-sh. so named from the ridf^ ground ct-

which the church and manse standf

,
• •

'
Dffmen or Drumm, StiiUng-sL rid^ or emineneei,
peealiazly descriptive ofconsidemUe part of the parish^ which
fiequently intersected by deep ravines, with rising grounds U.
'

tween them.
* He was and interred here,
tutelar saint of Ireland,
•f on a rock commanding the river Loire.
It risea

^ Great quantities of chalk are found in the neighbourhood.

The church stands on a rising ground, on which a number of
11

formerly grew.
'
S There is a V9fiaM emhi—ce in dteparfah.^
% It was originslly boUton an wnfawHui in a ftietty fioni ita

** Snow lies upon this moaatsin the greater part of the jmaw
ft It standi below a hill oorend with frttitful frimju^

Digitized by Google
 The Mowing respectively Mpretent thft affix ehm»m in the
Latiit names ; viz;

Autun^ Burgundji '

Augaito-iftfii-itm.
Ley-deiy H<jilaii4 JA^ihdmiMmu
]U>u-dun> or Lo-dun, PoitoU* Juliow/un^um*
Ly-ons^ Lyonnais* Lug^dun-um.
Mal-don, Essex. Camalo-^u/i-um* .

Mel-un, Isle of Prance* . Melo-i/tt/i-um.

Noy-on^ Isle of France. Novio-^tMi«um« .

'
Ver»diia^ Lorrsin. Yetfhdtnhvm*
YTep-dmiy Sivitaeriand. Bfare-AiiHiiiii.* .

EccLvs ; Eons, fte. (eofflaUf OaieL ^iqAmi^ Fr. €oc&m^-

Lat. from Gr.)-^ Church or place of wondup ; as,
£ceieit» grei^ and
eraig panrfi, ourr* for JSe* > i« e. of St Gregory &p Cyrui.
eiift- tjm, Bacwdhio A> J
£M9t* haH, 8tiflMMi«
•
; Loathe thuadi-iaBii'a Mb
o 1

Eccles" ton. Lanes. &c, Kirk- ton ; Kirk^ by, &c«

i. e.

EgliB" breck, Stirling-sh. the speckled church. %

i. e.

EgliS" maol-Luach, Lanark«8h. of the baJd (St) Luke, \\

EagleS' ham, Renfrew-sh, the hamlet with the church.
Terr* egles - porishj iiirkcttdr Terre d' Eglise Kirk- ~ . kmd,
.
biight-«h« Terra Eooiesiae.
To «Moona atait l»rafeR«d .fi^^ Berwidc^sih..
hi-wfakii thmarwfta aaoa-auttiery of great ttaffmhide and mate, ^

MofwUchfinfr TiMigeB Aowimo^ andafewparabeawthat^

name in England^ Beecki, iii Suffolk, has an elegant Oothk
church ; and the ruins of another, called Ingrate churchy are yet
visible. ...
* It may be remarked, that this ijUable in the oompotitioo of ibieign
names is generally used as an ajffig,

t Hm tbe Wihopt gf IiiiMM Ittd Imnndy a pilaee.

^
X The original name cf FaBdAi ftom the mhnf >f dig
The ancient name of the parish oC CarJuke, (tee pr. Car.) Maol,
I]

bald, from being applied to a monk with m shaved head, has been given in
a genera] sense to a Saint or St. It is very probable that a St Cynis resided^
here, as there u a .s|^BQg of Mlubii^us wat»» caUnd St C|mi«*f W§Uf Afi*

Digitized by Google
10 STTVOIMnSAt<;«M»AFHT.

'
Imv£&;^ corr. Inner ; (Gael.) —the Mouth o;

Biver; as,

Incer* aiy« co.towiiof Argyle-sh* Aiy, (£ into Loch Fyne.)

Inoer^h&rne, Meams. Bervie, (f. into German Ocean.)/
Inoer^ esk, Edinbwj^-ah* Esk, (f. into Firth of Forth.)
/noer- lochy> lavemepandu Lochy, (£ into Lodi Limdie.)
town of do* ah.
Inioer^ ness, co. Ne$i, (£ itito Moray Fiirtli.)
Inverm nochti^ AberdeoMli* > NoekHe, (confl. witi^ the Don.)f
Ifwerm ugie, f£ into German Ocean).
*
dp.
InveT" urie, do. (near confl. with the Don.).
Inner'' kip, Renfirew-sh. - Kipy (f. into Firth of Clyde.)
Inner'- lei then, Peebles^sh. Leithen, (confl. with the Tweed.)

Itwer is the name of some irillageB; as in the ferish of Tain^

BOBB-Sh. &iB*

Kil; (ceOOf taken. for a cborcE among the ane. Scots;

ciUj Gael, a Church-yard, a Burying-ground,)—
Chapel or f^lace of Worship; also a Barying-ground ;
as.
•

KiU ha^, Claekmannan.^ of St Be^a, X

KiL brsndon, Argyle-sh. of St Brandam*
J»L bande, Bate^ f£&t Brkle^st Bridget. -

*
budio^ PeebleB-dlu of^StJB^a^ i .

kiL chuiman, the Gadie name L e. buml-ground of the Cum^

of Fort-Augu8tu8. mins,
Kil^ kenny, co. town of do. co. of St Kenny or Canice, ||

^ /mwr it oompounded of Ian, dewrHog nf, sad Ar, to tiD, (arare,*

mdijr of tiBage,
Iiia.)'i. e. (lon-v.) It It prabaUA Aat agiiculloifi was
intsMen^toCsamlttetllo wftftt, ss dia platiof giomid ittiiatid ai die
OMmdi of a mer gcomlly are.
f The andeot name df the pariih of Stn^b^doB* II received tbf nane
fkom the sitaation of the Church.
A female SeottUh Saint of early times.
This city oooiists of two parts, the Kilkenny properly to caU^^
n and'
the borough of St Canioe, or Irigh.town, a separate jurisdiction.
g I^tfae^eeiMof tbetomtbeiimtantswlilef ctfe^

Digitized by Google
Kit' lAadoc, Perth-8h. of St Madoc, (Madocus.)^ .
-

KiL malie, Invemess-^lu • of St Malie,

JTt/. inamock, Ayr^h. -
gf St Martwc, (Mamochus.)
iiii^ mory parish, Bute-sh. f
Kirrie^ muir parish^ (commonly •< of St Mary, (Mhuiie.)
pnm. Kella^xuTy) Angui-alu (
KiL mun parish, RosmL of St Mun, (Mumiut, Lat)
Xt/. patrids, Dumhaiton-jlv of St Patridh
KiLnamj, l^iSMiL of St /nmomM* t
KU^ wmniDfl^ Ayr-ah* , of St Wmmn*
jKm- loiBy Homy-ah* (eovn I
for ana KUXon, or iTti- >- on the water* %
floss.)
J
C/- osebuTD^ Dumfiies-sL of Osbumj, (ceila OsburnL)

The aboye were oriipnally spelled thus ; CeLnttonoc ; CeL

Patrick; &c
l^colm-kill, or T-colmb-^tV/, (for I-columb-kill,) the chapel or
cell {kill,) of St Colm, or Columb^W in the island^ (/ pron. ee.)
To the saine may he referred iC«i^^ iiCej- ton^ KM, KiU tim.

KiL^ (coUk, Gael.)~frequently denotes a Wood ; as,

KiL dm, eo. town of do. L e. the wood Q{4>ak9, (darach.)^

cnsciSde,tesrQijAu tremltUng, (from its awful
^ihrioth-nuidii iSad.) ^AP^iiance.)

,
• This Malie must have been a person eminent for piety, or for some
edier extraordinary quality, as even the modern Highlanders, when their
oidty is suspected, will use the following phrase : Air Halie tha,** i» tf
I fwev by Jlfa/i^.libat it ii at. J iay.
^ AMyinaii irlioieddedheie. HewBS Whop of Lyons, lnSeol]«id
|m was usually styled 8t Imie, which has been oomipted into St Reimy*
Eennie-hill, the name of a contiguous estate, was once called Imie-hill.
X The town stands at the N. £• extiemity of a coniidcrahle lake formed
by the river Findhora.
tl
A contraction for Columba, the Latin name of Colon, the saint* Xhe
more anc. name is I-ona, i. e. Uie island of waves, {pnde, Fr.)
in the neighbourhood, which oontaina neaflf
I The coniinoii or hiwn
1600 imt of the Mftm torf, ofkee a/bfiM <M
Digitized by Googfe
 XTmoLOMOJA'apemAVHT.

wotd, ilu>im.
Eden- keUHe-jmiA, Mo»y^ ;
{^^^f^^
Ordi- y^wA/iZ-parishjAberdeen-fihi the wood beside the hei^.
To thiA is re&mble

KinK^ {kircbet Teut. ; kuriake^ Gr. ; rfomiw, Lafc.) —Loid's

house, a Church or Tmple^ a KiriL«Tovxi ; a%

Kirh. aldy, Pife-st ^ of the CuUees, (calentes Deum.)

JCw*- cohn, WigtonJi. of St Columbus.
ij[tr*-cudbright,c6.townofdo.sli. of St CwfAierf.
Kirk^ gunzeon, (corr. for anc. 1 -» ^ . . , . ^
^^^^ l^fllW?^)
Kirk, winnyn,) do. / ^

Kir- kinner, Wijfou,^ of St KenneirA

Kirk, mahoe, Dumfries-ah. i ^^'^ * C*^^) »^
t the water.
*
Kirk^ maiden, Wigton-sh. of St Medan. \\
*
iCtVi:- michael, or iLtrib.4m.l ^c. Ti.f
.
r r
of St MichaeL
ch«l, Ayr-sh, | .

Kirk^ Oswald, (vulgarly caUed 1 .

^
^^^^
Cumberland./
iTtrit-uzzald,)
JTM. urd, Peebles^. on ibe height, (urd, ord, or afd.)
JTtrft^ Orbiey, tiie^a/kirk. §
JTiVifc- by-Kondal, Westmore. 1 *
*u j /
in the fltefo
i
or wife of the iCe».
.i. ^
]gnc[. . . j:
Kirk^ by-Lonsdale, do. in do. do. Lune.
Jftrife- by-Moonid^, Ye*^ '1^^^^^ ^
Lawrenee- kirk, Meams. of St LawrenpBp

• The remains of natural wood, and the great quantities of oak and
ftrfound in the mosses of this parish, prove thftt the vboie /(ue of the
eountrv was formerly covered with wood.
+ Tbe Mident chjurch was dedicated to that virgin and mmrtyr, who
wlfered death st Colopie, along with many others, in 450.
$ Hence County Ma$o in Irdjmd ; ilfos^-parish^ Jnyumm^ and
^0j^iial«nd, in the month of the Firth of Forth.
II
Hear, land o' cakes, and brither Soot«,
"**

Frae Maiden-kirk to John o' Groats. '*««JBiin»..

§ When under the rule of the Danes, it was Kirk-vaa or Klxk^waaf
in allusion to the Cathedral of St Magnusy or Great.
\ aA afebey of Ci8tercia|i nuns fori^ierly ftgod at Keldiho)o» ^aboota
%
mile firam the town. - • • .
« « ^ - ^
Digitized by Google
 PBBFIXBS* yd

Dun- kirk, France. near the Downs, •

Fal- kirk, Stirling-jdi. at or near the (^alium.) t
Lawrence- kirk, Meatiuk of St Lawrence.
Omis* Uri^ XiSiics. in honour of the Ormes.

Sel- kirk, co. town of do. ah.

diiic.)

Llan, (Brit.) —a Church, or Town with a Church ; as,

Xinn- amon, D^bigh-du of St Armon. %

Uan- asaph, Flint-di. of St Ataph*
Zisn- baoarn^ Cai^gan-8h. ofPotemtM.]!
Uan- beder, or Llam- peter, do. of do.
Llan- daff, Glamorgan-sh. on the Taaf or Taafe.

elian. Anglesey, of St Elian Gannaid, If . .

Uan- rhaiadr, Denbigh-sh. on the Rhaictdr*

Uan- Btephan, Cannarthen-sh. of St Stephen.
Uan~ tbony, Monmouth-sh. on the Hondey, (tr. of the Usk,)**
Uan^ trissant, Glamorgan-sh. of the three saint». ft
JUtm- viUingy Montgomeiy-ah. of JUewdl^.
,
'
n
* So called from ihe downs or tmuUhtmkt on the coast.
^ The toatl of Antoninus passed very near the church. In the Gaeh'c
language k is Rometimes called Eglis-Arw, i. e. broken church, which,
f«OTne think, is not improperly rendered Fal-kirk^ i. e. fallen kirk.
Near Falkirk," Aays Lithgow, * remain the ruins and marks of
a town, &c. swallowed up into the earth by an earthquake.*^ Britannia
Baeamoa, p. 179. (See pr. Eccles, &c.)
$ It was formerly noted for the pilgrimages to his shtine.
H Aking of Nonhnmberlandf wiio founded a monastery hare, end in
honour of whom a church was afterwards erected.
§ It was remarkable for his wooden image> about which the Welsh
had a prophecy, that it would set a whole forest on fire ; to accomplish
which, it was brought to London in 1538, and used as part of the fuel
which consumed Forest the friar, for denying the Pope's supremacy.
^ In the church are the portraits of the founder, as well as of several •
*
of the Apostles.
The Chapel was erseted by St Da^d, who led ihe life of a reclase .

at this village in the reign of Henry 1. It is generally odled liaa-dlfimir. .

ff Viz. St Ilhog, St Denny, and St Monow.

was first incorporated by JUtweUpn ap Gryffyd in the resgn of'
Sdward II« -

Digitized by G(5?)gle
14 STTtfoLOGtcjUi maanAVBt.

SCRIPTURE TERMS.
Beer, (•>io) —a Well; as,

Be* erJahairoi^ S. of Judab-tr. of LahoMraL*

Be* er^heba> S. of Skiieon.tr. of the oolil, or eevenA'
Be-er mentioned as a stage in tho marches of the Israelites
is

in the wilderness,and as a town in the tribe of Simeon. The

ancient Michmash is now known by the name of Beer. %

Beih^ aboia, tc of Gad and

of passcige* |)
Reuben.
Beit* axafaah, tr* of Benjamin, of Arabah or the pUdn.

* i. e. of him thai lives mnd sees me. And Hagar called the name of
the liord that spake unto her, Thoii, God, seest me ; for she said, Have I
aUu) here looked after h>m that seeth me ?**— -Geo. xW. 13. Isaac dwel(
—
by the well Lahai-roi.'''' Gen. xxv. 11.
•* And Abraham said (to Abimelech, king of Gerar,) Seven ewe-
•f
lambs shalt thoa take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto me
tlMt I have digged tUavdUL Wheraine he called thai ]daoe AMr-aMo,
became there tiiey won bodi of theM.**...43eii> zzi. 90, 31*
X " And (ffom thenoe they went to Beer i that is, the well whereof the
Ijord spake unto Heaea, Gather the people togttliert and I will give tkem
water/* &.C. —
Numb. 'xx'i. 16. " And Jotham ran away, and fled, and
went to Beer, and dwelt there^ §vt lear of Abimelech hit bvotber.**.
Judges ix. 21.
II
And the men pursued after the spies the way to Jordan unto the
/ar!B(s.**--Joshua ii- 7* " And tbey went down after Ehud, and took the
/iud$ «f Joidaa teirwde Ifeah*<L-Jndgea iii. 2a And iheGiMHe» .

took the jMMfl^ of Jordan htfyn tte Bphrahidtaa.**.—Jttiget zii 5.

^VAsd CMdooii lent messengers throughout all Mount Ephfanif aayhiif.
Come down against the Midianites^ and take before them the watert Vita
B€th-bttrtth and Jordan.'*—Judges vii 24.

uigiii^ca by Google
 of Benjamin.
el> tr. CM. *
flrti- esda, of Benjamin.
tr. ofwicrcy. t
Betk- hoglah, tr. of Benjamin, of Hoglah,
jesimoth^ tr. of Reuben, of Jeshimon or the wilderness,

i ou the Mn,raA, (tiib. of the

'Ai«Unimndi,tr.or
'
G«L Jordan.)
^
£eth~ shemesh, tr. of Judah. of the ifi^n.
J
Beth^ tappuah* tr. if Simeon. of TafpuaL

(d..) —a Fountain, a Well; as, 1

,£n- of Benjamin.
rogel^ tr« of Ropel, i. e. the /tUler'$ well, ||

En^ shemesh^ do. of the sun.

To the same is referable Aenon or Enan, a city of Galilee. § *

KiEjATH, (Ueb.) —a City ; as,

•
Kirfa^ aim. i. e. the dmMe eUy. %

. * ^ iOkiJmoi^b wat aAraid, and taid. Haw draadftd it tUt piaoa I (fatal
in none other bat the houte of Gad, and thit it tha gate of lieafan. And
he called the name of that place Gen. xxviii. 17. j?/ means
Ood thus J?/-]'jah means, ' God is my Lord J?/-izabeth, ' the oath of
—
God ;* Ishma-W, God shall hear,* Gen. xvi. ] 1. Isra-e/, prince wha
'

prerails with God^ Qea* xxxii. 28 ; Peni-tf/, < the face of God^' Qesu
xxxii. 30. &c. &,c. . .
/

. Because the erection of a public bath here was an act of kindness

tciillif people, who^ in a hot dliniatey require4 frequaat iMMhing ; or /ai^r^
lieGiaie God had gradoatly bettowed a baaliag Vlrtoe upon iu wateirm
for at a certain season, probably at the pattover* an angeLwe^t down
into the pool, and moved it in so sensible a manner, that whoerer~Ytept
first into it after the troublin^r of the iiratert} wat^mado whale aC wiut-
ever disease he had. See John v. 4. - ..1
*

$ This is the Arabic modern name of On or HeliopolU in Bgypt.

« II ^ Then said the liord unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz,
tlimi, and 8liear*Jailuib thy son, at the end of the-eondnit of the upper
IMmI themhiglLway of Oia Fiifl^*t;l0W.''_It. vu^
% *^ And Joha wat baptising in Aenon^ near to SaCm, becaute thera
veas muok
9fMt§r {many waters, Gr.) there." John iiu 23. —
5[ Mahan-atwi, tribe of Gad, i. e. the two hosts or camps. Jacob
gave it this name, because here he had a vision of angeli^ of whan% .he
aaid, « This is God*s host."
.
^
**And the name of Heshbou before was Kirjath^arba } which Arba
was a great man among the Analbims.'^^ Joshua xir. 15. ** And tbe^
MMre them (the LeHtes) the eiiff ef ^tfr6a» the ftthev of Aoiak, wbidi e)ty
S HehnnL''i-^oiitua zati. U.

Digitized by Gd^jgle
16 BTTM0L06ICAL GEOOBAPUT.

ILkMAH^ && (Heb.) —aa elevated situatioiiy or enaneace ;

Ttamahf or Ramathm aim^ tr. of i. e. the eminence, or the ^tsu^

Benjamin. hills.*

i i- e. of Mt^^e^, (i. e. a ^«»coii

JZamo^ mizpeh, *^
in of Gad.
' or watch-tower,) t

There was a Rarnah in Naphtali, a Ramath in Simeon^

a i2ej9se^ or Jarmutk in Issachar.

II.—CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO MOUNTAINS,

Bbh^ ; Bjbin ; Pek ; &c. (Aaonn, Gad.)—« Hill or
Mountain ; as>

JBen- cleurfi, or Beii-cLochj 1 . . , , x •

/ i u mj
.. '•«'*5"»o««>tain,(doch.)||
ciaeki2miaiMh. /
ri. e. the devaied mountaui,
Benm emadmii^ Argyle-eh. -| (cniaehan^ Gael a ming,

Jtoi- etterick, or Etterick- \ -

-E«enc*.pan8h.
• . • v
Pe«», Selkirk-sh. /
£e9i«> ledi> Perth-sh. i e. of God, (Ben-le-dia.)

* II if add to hftve tt6od upon Moimt Ephraim, and it ihouglit to have

eaUed Jtoiialil-alm, because it waa imilt upon two hUi$j which made
it appear as a doubk ei^. Vrom haviDg a wakk^mit Inult in it, it htA
the name of ZofiAtm added to it.
•t* And Mizpah ; for Laban said, The Lord watch between me aod
thee, when we are absent one from another.*' Gen. xxxi. 49. —
^ And Laban said, This heap is a uritness between me and thee this
day therefore was the name of it called Galeed," Gen. zxxi. 48.
: —
^
II
The summits of the central Ochils, particularly Beu-deughi tii^
higheat of the range^ are oomposed of granitca. * * *

uigiii^ca by GoOgl(
 17

the bare preen hill. ^ - -

*
Ben* lomond, Dumbartoa-sh. i. e. .

Ben^ more, Perth-sh. i. e, the yreo/ or bip mountftiiu .>

nevis, Invemess-sh. i. e. snowy mountain. +

Bert' venue, Perth^h. i, e« the tmaU mountain. ^ '
Ben^ wyvifl. or JScii-uaish^ 1
>
. . _ *
snowy mountam.
•
u

^
1. e. or ||
RoflP-MU
mountain. (d«ig[
Stin. d^irs. Perth.8h.
{
J3««. glo, Aberdeen-A. i i-

^ \ vus. of douds and snow.

lands^ Edinburgh^ i. e. the kUfy or Ai(^ konds. • ^
Penny^ cuick-House. i, e. of the cuckoo,
Pena delas Enainoiados, Gre-\
nada, Spain. | u ^e. the j-.^^-
.

I«« H^i
ir^4 x

Gram, ^
jpwiw, Scotland.
^' ^"^^ mountains, (a
-f
' ^ corr. for gi-and-boann,) *
^

Mor- ven, Aberdeen-sh. and L e. the bi^ mountain^ (mor«

Caithnesa-sh. bean.)

* According to othen, it is a oODtnctioB for Bea-]oA«lonlB> i. ^ the-

hill of the lake full of islands*
.
-f In the fissures of its preciiMtous sides, the snow remains unmelted
even in the warmest weather. Around its southern base flows the strei^n*
let of the NevUy through the glen of the same name
—
(Glen-nevis.)
*

X So called, from being less than Beu.ledi or fien-lomond. '

*

i This mountain wia imor kamm to lia^ Wm

eatirely free of smw
till the dngutwly hot Summer of ISSd. It i* the property ot •Sir Hoetoif
Monro, of Footts who holds it from one of the khigs of 8flodand»- ufon
the singular condition that he shall furnish his MsjMly with a SBOW*Wb
|Uiy day of the year, if required.
§ It rises in the vicinity of Antegiiera, and has been celebrated by arf
act of heroism not unexampled in the history of Spain during the middle
ages, or even in modern times. AChristian knight, having been taken
prisoner by a Bloorish prince, during hit captivity^ fell in love with th«
daoghtorof theinfideL Besohned tooslciiffato thiir aaknimmChiMaa
country, and at the foot of the altar, they had pfoeeeded to the isoatiefd#
wheai being overtaken by the prince and his trosfs* th^ sought a hldiag-
plaoe in the caves of the mountain. The enraged father ordered the soU'
dfers to seize the fugitives, and though his daughter remonstrated that
she was a Christian, that she had married, and threatened to destroy
herself if he approached, he yet remained inexorable, and the two lovers
rushed headlong from tlie summit of a precipice. A cro&i indicate;! the
plaeOy and ismi still to oommemorate the event. <,

b2

Digitized by
18 STTHOIiOaXCAL GEOOEAFHr.

Scara* bifus, Caithnessw^h. * i. e. the scarry hills.

Codu jiw-peiiahj £dmbiirc^-4di* L e. the redf (Brit.) heif^t.^

Pen &vam II10 affix xa the Mowing iiames of towns ss, ;

/ ^'
town^
demiis Casile,' Gomwall CO. r>^%il^
{atnas, Cam. Br.)?
Pen- rhyn, Cornwall co* andl . • xi.
'
• »^

End. do. j («« Fst.

P<iw« fannit, Kent co. tbe $»o$d on the emtnefie^,

P«A»- " *^
viUe. Middleaex eo. Z^'
^ "^^l^
emtnenee^
To the same source may be referred the Penine or Pennine
Alps, i. e. the highest Alps ; the Pew^-land Firth, i, e. the Firth
at the height or extremity of the larld ; the town of Penn, Bucks
and the Vann, or Brecknock^Beacon^ reckoned the loftiest moun-
tain in South Wales.
* * • «
. • •

r
Bkae ; {brigay bricajbriaj Celt hre, briy brigh, Gael.)—-
a high land, a Hill ; as,

Brae- mar, Aberdeen-sh. i. e. the hilly part of Mar. \

Braes of Athole, Perth-sh. i. e. the hilly district of Athole.

Braid- albin, or jBre^zrf-albane, i. e. the hilly district of Alhain,
(a district of Perth-sh.) or Albifn. §

* Fiom the chufdi being placed on an dSnMrfarf sitnatioii^ and the soil
*
being of a reddish appearanoe^
•f"
Viz. of Falmouth. —
This castle, one of the largest in the kingdom*
and standing on a hill of the same name, was erected by Henry VIII.
X It is situated on an eminence,^ and is extremely well watered by dif-
ferent streams running through the streets. Rhyn, Brit, or Rinn, Gael,
means a cape or a peninsula. The two insulated points of M^igton-shire,
tIi. Banow-Head, and Mull of GaOowsfy an frequently called the
JtAffi* or JUfifM of Galloway*
II
It is one of the three subdiviiioiis of Bfanr, wUdi h one of the foui'
^ief divisions of Aberdeen-shire.
§ Albany, &c. an ancient name of Scotland, still used by the High*
landers as the designation of their peculiar district. Bread-albane is sup-
posed to be so designated from its being the highest part of Albyn or
Sootland. This term has been referred, by some, to Albion^ the first name
by which the whole island of Great Britain was known, being so named
from the fvAHf (4Um ) appearanoe of the diflii near Dover ; and it aeemt
pfobaUe that it was carrM by theabodginal Gdts into the Northy as they

uigiii^ca by Google
Broul- hilK Edmburji^-^ qu.tlie iltlbalx)undiiiginifi8«ii*

^Tze, ^ebirpe, betweea Bohe-l

Mountain^ («.)
^ ^
mia and Saxony. J
Euler- do. of Owk^ (eule.) '
' •
>
Fichtel- do. of Pines, (fichte.) J
'
^

Mittel- do* PruBsia. i. e. Middle Mouiitains« «

Riesen- do. do. Gigantic do*

Sieben^ do. Germiuiy* *i. e. the Seven do.
Several ancient tribes were called Briffnies ; as^ of Galim iu
Spain^ in Ireland, and particularly in Yorkshire and the border
counties. Such always inhabited a mountainom district. To
the same are referable Bregenz, in Bavaria, and Brianeon, % in
Dauphiny, both anc. Brigantium ; Brie, in Lorraine ; Brizen, in
Tyrol ; Brescia and Bres-^eUo in Piedmont ; and Brisofih^ ia
Alsaoe.

Cairn, (carUj Gael ; properly a Heap of Stones throwi\

togeUier in a conical foriii,)~a Roclqr Mountain ; as^
Cairn* eilar, Aberdeen-sh. ? ? .
•

Cairu' gonn, Invemess-sh. the bliie mountain.

Cairn- harrah, Kircudbright-sh. ? ?

Cairn- moneam^ Aberdeen-sh. the nmsy and keathy mountt ,

Cairnie. mount, Kincardine- 1

sn. (anc. the Mountn.) J
^ ^
Caime^ mair, Kirkcudbnght-iaiu.ihe ImAjf mount.
Cdim^ naple^ Linlithgpw-4sh* ? ?
Cdtnt- saigh^ Ayr-ah. tfpeaee.
Caimm tMe, Ayr-sh. . ? ? . . .
r

Cam- wath, Lanark-shire, i. e. the cairn of the batlle^ so called

from a sepulchral tumulus near the church. To this we Jcfer
Keam parish^ Aberdeen-shire.
latterly became As an evidence of the height of
ooivfined to that district.
this country, it may be observed, that at
Carn-drom, in the west end of
the parish of Killin, the waters divide and nm
partly into the Geniuuit
and partly into the Atlantic, Ocean.
* They are a continuation of the Pentland range.
*f After enterinif the town from the West, there it a gradual 4ecliviig
le the South Btk, which bounds the saborba on'the South*
t It iKhe town in Europe. ^ .

Digitized by Google
80 ItmiOLOOICAIi filCOBAraT*

•
• • •
; ^ *
. . -*

CaAiGf (creag, Gael, a Rock))r-ra Craggy or Rocky

Hill df Moantain ; as,

Craig" owl, Forfar-sh* ? ? ^

'
Craig- phadriOy InyemesMii. *
. if '

This prefix is frec[uently applied to Towns, &c. built on a rockjf

' •
site; as,

C on the rock promontory ofor

i7mir. nedmCkustlej Lanarl^ the Nethan, (tr. of tha
I Clyde.).

Carrick^ fergus, co. Antrim. ^^"^"^ ^"^^

{ ^^^^T'
Cfgrriekm on«Sliannon> co.Leitrini. on the oraij of tbe Shannon^ -

Carriek- on-Suir, eo. Tipperary. do. * of tlie Sutr.

(anc, Gag.*
Cr^e*. howell, Brecon-sh.
{^""iViif^'^
Crfc^ lade, Wilts. at the mouth (fievig-wlad.) f
^
To this may be referred the ancient Ctagtti, a p^fet^pitpus rook; *

in Ciliciay on the margin of. the, sea ; ahd Carrqdb, a stupendous

moimtain in Cumberland, S409^ feet high, and entirely composed
of a ridge of horrid precipices, abound^g with unfitbomabl^
chasms. ...
-J
* ' ' ' • •

Djbbel ; ; (Arab.)—a Mmmtain, or Mountain- '

Ran^e; as,

DjeheU Hauran, Palestine. of ifatfran^ (anc. AurmiiiB^^

Djebel- Moosa, Arabia. of Moies, (viz. Mount Horeb.)
DfebeL Nimrod, Armenia. of Nimrod.
DjebA Tour, or Tor, Syria. of Tofor.
'

Jebd^ Komnh, or Kumri, Africa, of the Moon.

* He was a prince of South Wal«i. The town is pleaaantly sitoaled

on a dedidty, and in the neighbourhood are the ruins of an ancunit cattle
and encampment, which Leland calls the Cragus ffoclinvs of the Romans^
t From its raeky situation, where the Clkum discharges itself iaio the
Thames.

Digitized by Google
 PBCFIZE8.

Cibr^ al-tar, Spain, (corr. for., i, e. the mountain or fortress of

GtW-al-Tarif.) Tarif or Tarik.
To the same source is to be refeixed the modem name of
Aetna in Sicily ; viz. Honte-GiMb.

MoMT ; MoMTS ; &c. {mcnit Fr. mafUe^ ItaL) —a Mount

or Mpuutain ; as,

Mont' Auban, (France.) abounding in wiUows, t

MonU Blanc, (Fr.) Switzerland, the white mountain. %
MonU Real, (Fr.) Canada, N. the roycd or great mountain, (a
America. corr. for Mont- Royal,) \\

Mont- Serrat, Catalonia, Spain, the MiTa/Aif<ur/Ma^mountain.

Monte^ NuoVo, Naples, Italy, thenmmountain, (naoii«,Lat.)4
Santo,Macedonia,Tur.
^^^^
I
JfoMte. Video^ (Sp.) LaHata^ 1 with a niew arproipecLff
S. America. j
Mounts Laiids-crone, Silesia. the crown of the country, W
f the district at the foot of the
*
r%' % Tx 1 ^
Pied-mon/, Italy. '
<
I
_ ,
mountains, / •

(viz. the Alps.)

a i \

Bemire. monU, France. of Romaric.

* He was general of the Saracens, who settled in that part of .Spaia

about 712.
-t* It is affirmed that the name of Albtmm was derived from the great
quantities of willows in the vicinity, which the oountrv people call Ai6a$»
t Ffom the perpetual mm
with whieh it ia eoveiea*
I Iiiisettoa^MlAs^lA^ eentre oC the island in tfaeSt JUhr*
renoSy to which it gives name, and near it stands tiM modem town of
Mont-fM^ anciently called Hochelaga by the natives.
§ It is called by the Catalonisns Monte S^rradif i. e^ a aed —
tain.
If It is so called from its being thrown up in by a convulsion oC
nature.
** It has received the name from the numerous monasteries, in which
neaily am
moaks lead a life of sedusioa and fadolenee.
The ItehtAonse on this mountain commands an sKtensive visis-
tt
tt The new from this mountain, in dear weather^ extends over a ho*
rizon of seventy flsiles.

nil
It derives its name from a mountain above the aooieat sltOt on wldcll
Count Aomaric built the Castl^ of Romarimsal

uigiii^ca by Google
S8 WtYUOimtOLL OS06BAPBT.

V«r- mont, (Fr.) one of the i. e. (the chain oi)^reen moiin-

United States* tains.
*
t

SiBRBA, (Sp.) —a Chain- of MomtaiBS, whoM oontintioas

peaks present, from a distance, the appearance of a Saw»
(serra^ Lat) ; as.

Sierra Blanca, Spain. i. e. White or Snow^ chain.

Sierra Calderona, do. 5. e. the Caldron do, t
Sierra Leone^ Western AMca. i.'O. of the Lions, t
Sierra Memja> Spain. i. e. the Fertnilion do. ||

'Sierra Moremiy (Mens Maria- i. e. the Brown or Biack Moun.

nus^) da tains. $
Sierra N^evada, do. e. the Snowy do.

IIL—APPLICABLE TO VALLEYS*
;Glbn, {jgleafMj GaeL)~a Small Valley, or Vale, gene-
. . rally taking its name from a river flowing through it ^

Glen- bervie, Meams. of the Bervie, (f. into Germ..Q^)

Obii- bucket, Aberdeen-sh. Bucket, (tr. of the Don.) .

Glen* caim> Dumfriea-8h» Cairn, (tr. of the Nith.)

Gle9^ ep^ Aigyk-flh« Cam, (fb into Lodii^Awe.)
* Its name is derived from the mountftins, whieh diride It nearly in
Iba middie, and which, froni being dothed with ener^greem^ «t% tDuM
the Green Mountains*
"f-
Lava, and other subRtances of this sort, appear on this chain ; hence
the name is not inapplicable to »uch volcanic products, for the craters stiU
retain their forms and the characters that mark their origin.
^ They are infested by lions, and near them is situated the British
Mtdmtnt of tiist name. It ww
eaUed by tiM original Pofrtngneaa settlers
* Sierra Leona,* or the < Mountaitt of the Lian^jt.*

g <Wali known for their mines of phmikiffOi a ndneral «ed fiir pan*
cils, &C.

§ These mountains, which were inhabited and cultivated daring the

time of the Moors, were, after their expulsion, covered with forestS| which
'
afforded shelter to robbers and wild beaats.- *

uiyiii^ca by Google'
 33

Glev- finally or Glen -fii lin, Finan or JPtfintfij (f. into Loch-
fnvemesB-di.
Gfefi- ida, Forfiir-sh. Jab, (tr. of the Tay.)
G%fi. fivet^ BanCUL lAvety (tr. of the Aren.)
Gfen- luce, Wigton-sh. into GlenJuoe Bay.)
Xrtirf, (f.

G/en- lyon, Perth-sh. Lyon, (tr. of the Tay.)

*
Orchay or Urchay^ (f. into
G/ei?- ordiay> Afgyla-du
i Loch-Awe.)
G/ew- tilt, Perth-sh. J"dty (tr. of the Garry.)
G/en. jskote, . Ib vemesMb* i. e. the big glen,
C i. e. the great glen of Albin os
Gfen- nan.Albm> dat.
\ Caledonia. *

Strath, (srath^ Gael.) —a Large and Broad Valley,

generally taking its name from a Biver flowing tfanmgh
it; aa.

Strath- hogie, Aberdeen-sh. of the Bogie, (tr. of the Deverca.)

Strath- dee^ do. Dee, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
Straths don^ do. Don, do. do.
Straths erne J Perth-sh. Erne, (f. into the Firth of Tay.J
Strath- errick, Invcmess-sh. Errick, (f. into Loch Ness.)
Stratlt^ glass, do. Glass, (f. into the Beauly.)
StraHu gry£&^ Een^w-sb* Gryffe, (f.intotheFirthofClyde,)t
(Migio, (which, taking the
Straths miglo^ Fife-sh. < name of £den> f. into the
( German Ocean.)
Sirath- naver, Sutherland-ah. Naner, (f. into Northern Oc)
Strath- peffer, RosB-sh. Teffer, (f. into Cromarty Firth.)
Siraih- spey, Moray-A. Spey, (f. into Germ. Oc.)

Strath- more. i. e. the great strath, \

Strich- en parish, Abcrdeen-sh. i. e. Johns Strath, (<S^ra^^-ion.) §
7*ra-quair par. corr.for^S'^ra^/-
Qtnair, (€ into the Tweed.)
quair, Peebles-sh. ^ «

* It fonntthcbaiinof UMOaMoaianCaiial
+ Renfrew-ihire formerly went ¥7 the name of StfoA^frpjfe.
X It crosses Scotland from fl elMl f f%
in Meams, to the diftnotoC
CowaU in Argyle-shire : also a romantic vale in- 8nthecia»>d«ih.
§ The River Ugie nearly divides the parisU

Digitized by Google
S% ETYMOLOGICAL O20GAAPUT.

IV.—APPLICABLE TO RIVERS.
Bahab ; Bahs ; &c. (Arab.) —a River, &c. ; as,

Bakar. belame, or ^o^r-bela- 1 . ^ nr^^t^^ •

maich, tigypt. J
jSakar- loth, Palestine. i. e. Sea of Lot, t

Bahr. el- Abiad, Abyssinia. i. e. White river.

%
l^a^r- el- Nil, or J^o^^.el-l 7,7 /i. . •
xt i \
^ ^"^^ N''^->
Aziek. AbyMinia. /
jBo^^- yu8e( or Yousef^ ^gypt* Jowif^% river. ||
To the same is referable Bahar^ a wdUwatered province of
Hindostan. § .
.

QuADA, (Arab.) —a Running Water ; a Brook ; a River

as,

or Gr«rt River.
Ameri™ J«
Gttorf- al-quivcr, Spain, (corr. 1 .
,_^u„„ or
xv.
the^nver.
^
i.e. IT
for G««</-al-kebcr.) J-

G««d- alvin, do. Arab, name 1 ^

ot Gwfla-iara. J
Guadu ansL, do. of the (modem il»a.)

• " and has all the appearance of water having been

It is a dry river,
in the banks and bottom bein^ quite full of stones and sand.
it, The
most remarkable circumstance is, that, at a certain height upon the bank^
there is a mark, evidently m
if the water had leeehed so high,'*
B^MonL
The Arabs
•f"
so denominate the Dead Sea*
4: a canal about 120 miles in length, ^Drming a eommunieatioa
It is
between Lake Moeris and the Nile.
It is the principal branch of the Nile.
|]

§ Besides the main body of the Ganges, which divides it into two
portions, it has several rivers, as the Sone^ the Gunduck> &c. and a great
number of smaller streams.
f When the Arahians made themselves masters of the Peninsula, they
Were struck with the ffreat titte of the Boetis, and gave it this name.
•• This or rather torrent, which falls into the sea hetween Gib-
river,,
raltar and Estepona, divides the town of Ronda into two parts. fright* A
fdl precipice reaches from the summit to the base of the height, on whidk
the town is built ; and the chasm may be about 600 or 600 feet in depth,
helow which the torrent flows.

Digitized by Google
Jam. ^tM, Brasil, S. America, i. e. Yellow water, (JaldO!» Sp.)*
Nicaia-^ita,Mffltieo»N. Amerinu i. e. the Dark water.

Panu^^ay, S America,, (tr. of J „U,„«^theco«iuyabom5:

the Rio de la Plata.)
"^^^^^ ^^^^ Sp ^ ^
Vera-<,««, Guatimala, North \
i.e.theC««.water,(Teide,Sp.);
* r /t
America. J
Guadalette is the name of the small river on which the town
of Xeiesy Spaint itandi.

BiOy (Sp. rtvo, ItaL nou«, Lat) —a Biver; asy

Bi9Colonido,Mexioo,N.Aiiieriea. L e. CeUmred river. ||

jBto Desaguadcro, Peru. i. e. the canal or c/ram.§

Dolce, Tucuman, S.America,
i. e. the Fresh River. IT

Rio de la Plata, America, 1 .

S.
(f. into Atlaniic Ocean.) ')>••. of
^0*1 /o \ «*
(Sp.) «
/??o del Nort6^ or Bm
Bravo^ i. e. of the Narth, or Brave or
Mexico, N. America. ^/rofi^ river* tf
£io Grande, Braaii^S.Ameriea9 1 . .

and W. Africa.
1 e. the Gr.o^, nver.

J2tloSaIado,Tueiiman, S.America. Le. the

* It has long been famous for its ffokU
The American tiger, is chiefly known in Pararfvay^ and
or jaguar,
•f
tbe forests to the north. Thus^ also, Parima, i. e. White River, a tr. of
the Amazons. ^ It is remarkable for the greenish hue of its waters. It
gives name to the province so called. From the ruddy colour of its waters.
|l

§ It it the only outlet of Lake TitiGaca* oonnecUng it with Lake Paria.

% In refemoe to Bio Salado, of which ii it a trflmtarf.
^ It wat to called bf SebottiaiiCaboty from hit hariog takenaeooaider*
able booty in gold and dUntr from a body of Indiana that ht defeated on
itt banks.

+t It flows from the North West, after a course of 1767 milaty into the
Oulf of Mexico, and has a strong rapid current.
XX 1^ fto named on a4XX)unt of the dark colour of its waters, which
are of an amber hue wherever it it shallow, aud dorir-brown wherever
the depth is gieat.
IIU The Ind in many placet la hnpregnated with i2Diiil«all^ and
water of ofory pool or river la WMA y
and dfai oiahh to the taotOb. The
cattle deroor cafetly the lab enthcheriMfi^ whkhlaiadeed
'
to their

uigiii^ca by Google
26 ETYMOLOGICAL 0£06BAPHT.

V.~APPLICABLE TO HEIGHTS.
Aw, AiRD ; &c. (Gael arduw^ Lat.) High, Lofity
» Heigfal I a Prormontary ; a Peninsula; as,

^tW- du, Invemess-ah. the Black (dubh) Promontory.

Ard~ kcith, pron. Ard-qui, Banff- i. e. high windy (Ard-ghaith,
sh. and Ross-sh. Gael.) *
Ard^ clach parish, Naim-sh. i. e. the aUmy height, (cloch.)
Ard- iiainurchan, Argyle-sh. for L e. point of the greai seas,
^2V(3^.4ia-inor-chuan. (cuai|.) t
Ard~ Fossan parish^ Ayr^^ qu. the elevated prmmmtofy* t
Arr^ an ialaad^ Bute-sh. i. e. of heights or mountains.
||

Arro^ qubar par. Bumbarton-sh. L e. a hi^ or hilly eofun^» §

Doll- at par. Clackniaiman-ah. l e. the ^afe among the hills, if

Hog- art par. Sutherland- sli. i. e. very high, (Rogh-ard.) t+

To the same are to be referred Aird-ne, Lanark-shire^ and
ilirf^House^ Stirling-shire, &c.
•
•
•

Kin, &c. {ceanrij Gael.)-^ Cape or ir?a(I-(Iand) ; as.

Kin-' craig-point, Fife-sh. i. e. the head of the craig, J J

Kiti- ghora, Fife-fih. (pron. Kin- the blue head, (cean gorn or
gom.) gorm.)

• The high lands near these villages are exposed to violent gusts of trlndL
From stretching out into the Atlantic Ocean.
its
It has the sea on one side, and flat fields on the other.
'11 It is difltinguished 1»y its motmlffiiioiif features.

§ is genenlly pron. Aff'Sse^ a omt. of ^rcl-ttr. The name if yery

deseriptive of the place, which is high and moontainmis, and contains
Tery little flat or arable ground.
^ The principal part lies along the foot of the Ochils { and, fxom its
low situation, is not seen at any great distance.
•* In allusion to the church in an elevated situation.

•f>*|-
The name seems to be taken from the peculiar situation of the
manse, which is near the top of a high hill.
, It lies ittflwdiately cast of Itffgo Bay* .

uigiii^ca by Google
 <7
giaflrie, Fiie-di* of iihe grey moor. *

Kin- TOSS, CO. of. of the pmimstda (of Fife.) X

Kin^ tail, Argyle-sh. of the two (dha) salt water-lakes.
JCin- tire, or Caw-tyre, do. of the land (of Argyle.) ||
Kin- tore par. Aberdeen-sh. of the wood, (doire.) §
Kinn- aird, ALerdeen-sh. the high head (land.) IT ; .

Kinn- eil-House, Linlithgow-sh. of the wall.**

Ceanti" loch, Argyle-ah. . of the loch or arm of tlie sea* ft
Km^ move, Perth-sb. i. the i^eal head.
e. H
I . ^ r 4 f i. e. the head or tap ai the de»
lire- cntn, co. to. oi
'
Angus-sh. < j- j /d •
\
I dtvtti/, (pv2A-cean,)
Branif. «ftffi*noch> Morton paxish, i, e. the huM (noch) at the head
Dumfiriefl^ah. * or eiu/ of the ridge {drum*)
To the same source is referable Kent co. in the South East
extremity of England, the anci^t name of which was Cantium,
* • —

• The on the Lochty, and its name points

village of Kxn-glassie stands
out the former condition of the now arable vale through which it flows.
f Cean.ghinbhsaSdie.»It seems eyideat tiiat a laise tract of the hmdi
adjaoeat to the cfaureh had beea formerly covered >EMMr.
j: It originally formed part of the ancient diTisioii<cf Rotiy the name
by which Fife wae called till 840, when it was given to Duff, Lord
by Kenneth TI. in consideration of his senrioea against the Picts« It was
disjoined from Fife-shire in 1426.
II
Can-tire, i. e. Cean-tir, (terra, Lat.) Blan-/yr« parish, Lanark-shire,
denotes a vmrm or sheltered residence^ or retreat, from its being chiefly
sui rounded by rising grounds. Fin-^ parish, Stirling.^ihire, i. e. fair
land. Its grassy hUls and fortile valleys entitle It to this ap|wUadciu
DoMgal^ Iselaiid, a com for fVM^ell, i- Ob Terra Conetti, Corndiu
7iyr-one» Ireland, anc. Ttr-oen, i. e» Terra Eugenii. According to some,
TMr-ee, one of the Hebrides, is Tir»i, i. e. the land of / or lona. It for-
tnerly belonged to the religious establishment of that celebrated island.
§ Anciently this part of the country was covered with a forest^ a part
of which, with a castle, King Robert Bruce gave to Robert de Keith,
ilklarischal of Scotland, after the battle of Bannockburn. The district
atUl remains in the hands of his descendants,—4he family of Kmtore*
f Also a mmaaticaeat in Pertluahire^ whece a stopeDdona fodc ahnott
overhangs the mansioa4Miiga»
** In allusion to the wall of Antoninus, which terminates in its vicinfty.
Pen-val is suppoccd to be a varioua deiignalioB'ef the places signifying the
same thing.
•1^The ancient name of Campbell-town before 1701, in which year it
'
was made a borough.
j:} It is so called from a head-land projecting into the east end of Loch
Tay, on which the village and cbnteh of Kemme
ave built.

Digitized by Google
Emnis ; Inis ; (in Ireland.) ImA ; laidi ; (in 8eoi>
land|) —an Island ; as>.

Ennis- killen, co. Fermana^ i. e. the ifctV^-town on the islandJ^

Inch- aber, Loch-lomond* at the mouth (of the £ndrick»)

Inch' cailleach, do. of old women or nuns.
Inch' oohn^ Firth of Forth. of St Cobn or CotumboB t
Ine^^ finan^ InyemesB-sh. of St Finan*
IndU galbndth^ Dumharton-sh. of the Gaihrailh (finnily.)
Tneh. keith. Firth of Forlih* of the Keith (family.) %
Inch- maree, Ross-sh. of St Maree,
Inch- mamoch, Ayr-sh. -
of St Marnoch, \\

Inch- ture parish, Perth-sh. i. e. the tower (tur) in the inch.

§
Jnis^ beg, off co. Donegal. the little (beag) island*
Jnis^ bosine^ off co. Mayo. of Bosine.
Inis. curcy, or Ennis.conhy,
Wexford.
\ ^ r^rcv
^^""^^ IT
^'
CO.
f
Inis~ tory, oif co. Donegal^ the high island*
Inish^ ail^ Loch*Awe* the bimH/ul (aiUe) ida/iuL
Inish. eraith, do. of EraUh*
Inish. fraoch, do. of heath or heather.

There are several islands simply designated the *

Inch ;* as in
Lough Swilly> Irelan4»

* It Is i^towantlj situated on an isUmi in the narrow strait that cod*

neets the two expanses of Lough Erne.
'

+ There are rains of a large monastery dedicated to him*

t It was given by Malcolm II. to tlie fint of the noble family of that
name.
II
There are the ruins of a chapel, dedicated to him, in the island.
§ The Carse of Gowrie, in which the parish lies, and which evidently
occupies the ancient bed of the Tay and Earn, formerly abounded with
such islands, which are now only rising grounds. Hence the name of
/m;A-Martin, /AcA-Michael, &c. in this district.
% A fanums warrior who endowed a monastery here.
** It is supposed that this IrolMr beguiled Buara to this iskad*

uigiii^ca by Google
 II. POSTFIXES.

I. —CaiBPLY APPLICABLE TO TOWNB, &e»

Abai>9 (Eastern))-^ City^ a Town ; as.

Abbas- ikbad, division of Ispa* founded by Shah Abbaa the

ban.* Gieat
Ahmed- o^euf. or Amed-oicK/, 1 al ^ ^
m honour ofr
• i
j- t
Hinaoostan.
Akher - oJjad, do. improved by .4X'Aer. J -
•

Allah- abad,

Aster. M do.

Persia.
of Allah or Alia.

i
||

or Esler,
the Caspian bea.)
Aureng-a^a6(,orAiirung-aiiu/^do* oi Aurengzebe or Aurungzebe.^
(f. into

Dowlat- oAdk/f do. i. e. the Fortnnate dty. 4

* Formerly the capital of Penia| and one of the most splendid cities of
the East.
t ItisliiecspitsIofthePnMiioeof Giiamti of wUeh Sahni jtfAm!
was king.
X The name which this ea^ewpr gave to ibe dty of Agf% and whioh it
•tillretained by the Mohammedans. Among the few remaining monu*
ments of its ancient tpleiidottri la the palace of Akbtr^ one of the finatt
buildings in Asia.
(I
It is the name by which the Supreme Being is addressed by the fol-
lowers of Mahomet, and is derived from the Arabic verb a/aA, to adore*
It It dtiitinguished by the name of ^ the king of worshipped places** and it
the great retort of pilgrims for about two numtht each nunmer.
§
Empire.
Aaott toooettfiu eonqueratv and otlebrated torereign) of Mogul ^
^ It is the name which Mohammed III. gave to ]>eo^ire, the capital
of the ancient kingdom of the Deccan, when he removed his court and
residence for a time thither from Delhi. It it in the province of Aurung*
"
abad.
OS

uigiii^ca by Google
80 artTKOIiOaiGAIi OMtaAFHT.

Battlx, &e. (em*, finr ftoM, <Nr to^fe, Angl. Sax.)—-ft

Dwelling-Place^ a Residence; bb,

Mixs^ batik, Eoxburgh-ah. for the residence at the morM (of

anc. More-^o^. the Kaile.)

widl, Lanark-sh. beade the wafer (of Cljde.)

i. e*

Bow-'dm, Boxburgh^* anc. the residence in the dean or low

BoAd'dmB or B<mMene. situation.

To the same we may refer Buittk^CsAHe, Kirkcudhright-sh.

m

Berg, (Germ.) —a Hill, a Mount, a Mountain ; as,

Ahens- berg, Bavaria. on the Ahens, (tr. of the Danube.)

Ar- berg, Switzerland. on the Aar, (tr. of the Rhine.)
Bobers- berg, Prussia. '
on the Bober, (tr. of the Oder.)
Copper- ber£f, Sweden. abounding in copper. X
«i , . c
Bister- berg, Saxony.
Jon the White EUUr, (tr. of the
<^ Saale.)
Enz- bergj Wurtemberg* • on the Enz, (tr. of the Neckar.)
Hayel.,^ef^, Prussia. on the Howl, (tr. of the Elbe.)
jJaxt- bery, Bavaria. on the Jaxt, (tr. of the Neckar.)
Kayser- berg, Colniar, France, i. e. of the Emperar.\\
JCocnigs- berg, Prussia. i. e. the Royal mountain. §

* By the inhabitants of the district it in generally styled Minmbole^

(Minnifz^ Briu a miry place.)
' MUmOnle^M a dirty hole,
It aits aboon » mire.*
f In oontiadistiiiction to Eld-holle or Old-hnik in Haddingtoo-sliirti
X The 0opf»0r-iiiines in the neighbourhood are very productive.
II
This was formerly an imperial city, (Iceyser, Caes-ar, Czar, &c.)
§ By the advice of Pnmilas I.^ King (koenig) of Bohemia, a strong;
castle was built here in 1255 by the Teutonic knights, then his allies.
% The ancient Noricum comprehended great part of Barariai dtc

Digitized by Google
 POSTFIZSt. *
31.

Rhein- hergetiy do. on the Rhine, (f. into Germ. Oc.)

Sprem- berg, Prussia* on the Spree, (tr. of the Oder.)
Weners- berg, ussyimmok'iei/g^ on the Wener nx Wenner, (S. of
Sweden* the lake.)

^«y«,.op.Z(K,m, Holland. { '""^^^

^
To the same we refer Bergen, in Norway, t as well as the
capital i of Jiugea island*

Bib ; By ; (Saz.)-—a Habitation, a Station, a Caatie ; at|

Middle- bie, Damfries-sh. the middle station* ||

Auld-^^ York-sh. also Al-^

by and Alde-^ parish^ > L e. the oi!i habitation* §
Norfolk. J
Battle- by, Ferth-sh* e. of the battle (of Loncarty.) -

Dtoj^, (for Denwnt^,) co.

| ^theIW«i, (tr.of theTr«t.)
Caithness-sh. j
Fem- by or Fcrra-by, York- 1 ^ '

^tytown.
^
sh. and Lmcoln-sh.
J
Kirk- Lanes. &c. &c. i. e. the /t/rXr-town.

Rug- Warwick-sh. on a rock, (anc. Roche-6y,)

Dea- co* town of do. sh* in a den or hollow, ttj
. I
I
II .1 I I I 4

* Known better by the name of HmMofu

f Seven momUaku rise In a lemidiole behind the toir% whieh it do- .

teded in front by batteries facing the sea*

t It ia aitoated on e heightt and oommanda a yiew of needy ihp whole
ialand.
I)
Between Netherbie (the nether or lower station) in Cumberland, and
Over-bie, (the upper station) in Eskdale-muir, Dumfries-ahire* At aU
these places there are plain vestiges of a Roman work.
§ Here are lome nunmmenta of antiquity*
IT It ia the name of the ancient yiilage. from which the North Eaat
point of Scotland ia called < Duncansby-head.'
•* They lie on opposite sides of the HumbeTf and the former ia called
Korth-Ferriby, to distinguish it from the other.
ft stands at the foo^ of a craggy hiMi near the middle of the beaati*
ful vak of Ciwyd.

Digitized by Google
32 ETYMOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY.

Bobotoh; Bueo; Buwh; Bubt; fcc. (purg^ Sax.;

a Tower ; ^ Castle
porate Toiimi or any Large YiUage ; ai,

Bam« ^oroa<^/t^ Northumbedand erected by Bebba* (Bebban^

CO. burgh. Sax.)
Flam- borough, York-sh. with the flame or lij^t. t
Giuns- borough, Lincoln-sh. of the Ganii, |
Lough- borough, Ldeester-sh* onthefet^<&orriyer,(viz.theSoar.)
Marl* borough, Wflts. on a Mor^ or chalky soil.

L L r\ /in honour of Mary (Queen of

mxy.
Tur
borough, QumiB *

England.)
-J
Peter- borough, Northampton-sh. of St Peter. \\

Scaiw borough. Yorlwh. °" °' **^P

| ^^''^
WeTlbg- W<,«i,A, Northamp.
|^ ^„ ,

Augs- burg, Bavaria. enlavged by Augnstus.

W
Cajan*

Gotten- ^ry,
bu/rg, Rusiia.

^r,. Lxvonia.
(for 6othen->
of Cajania, (or £• Bothnia.)

{"°G?JofS^)
on the Goiha, (f. into the Cat.
*^

burg,) Sweden- tegat.)

Lune- burg, Hanover. of the Moon, {Lwia, hat.) ft

* ASasmqiieeii* Thtetown wMonofttheooimof the Nortlmiiibrian

king.
*!* The name seems to have been derived froiii a Jhme or light set up
for mariners. Most of the inhabitants of the parish are either fishermeiiy
or employed in the sea-faring? line.
X In early times, John of Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln, resided here.
H From a monastery erected about 6G0, and dedicated to him.
ilt it almost inaooessible* except towards the West.
One of them, called fLtdneeU, was in gieat repute in the ITth centarv.
** An image of him is supposed to have stood here,
tt An Im^
«f the Moom continacd hen till the dayi of Charles the
Qreau

Digitized by Google
 {of the maids or vii^pDS^ O^utgd,
Gem.) ^
Mar- hurg, Hesse Cassel. of Mars, t
Regens- 6wr^, Bavaria* on the Regen, (tr. of the Danube.)
Salts- burg, Austria. on the Saltza, (tr. of the Inn.)
/of IVilliam (and Mary) of
Williains. hurg, Virginia.
\ England,
Wurtz- hurg, Bavana. of herbs. %
Aide- burgh, or Aif^Jbomug^, on the Aide, (£ into the £n|^isii
Suffolk. Channel.)
Edin« bufjgh. Gap. <^ Scodand. built by Edin or Edwm. \\

FiBsen- burgh, Aberdeen^ of the FraMT9 fofPhilorth.)

Jed. hwrgh, Kaxlmrgh^h. on the Jed, (tr. of the Teviot.)
Peters- hurgh^ Cap. of Russia. founded by FeUr the Great,
Sonnen- burgh, Germany. of the Sun.
Adder- hur^, Oxford-sh. having serpent stones* §
Almonds- burg, Gloucester-sh. of AUmond, IT
Ames^ burg, (corr, for Am-| of Ambrose.
hte^ur^f,) Wilts. j
of the Cantii, (CSant
€mtsr^burg, co. town of Kent.
{ Birig,** Sax.)
Cis- bury, Sussex. of Cissa, tt
Congers, bury, Somerset-du of St Canyer.Xt
Edmunds- bury, Suffolk. of St Edmund.
Glaston- bury, Somerset-sh. in Glaston, (a hundred.) §§
• Prom the worship of Venus — From her statue, and those of ihe
three Graces, it was called Parlheno-polisj L e. the city of the Virgiiuk
From the worship of Mars tliere.
^ The neighbouring hills abound with a variety of plants.
!A Northumbruui king.
Such stonet, or petrified thellt, luiTiiig the fonn of a serpsniar
odder, are found In teferal pwtt of England ; as, Whitby, Adder^saOf
York-shire, &c.'
% A West Saxon prince, Egbert's father* who was buried in the church.
•• They occupied the ancient kingdom of Cantium, of which the modem
Kent forms part. Brit. Caer-Medway, (Sax. Medwa^e) i. e. on the river
holding the mid'toay or middle of the country. During the Heptarchy*
the Saxon kings held their court here.
ft A king of the Britons, who waa dain there.
A pious hermity who lived there.
He snffsfed martyrdom dieie under the Danes.
11 II

§§ The spot on which the town stands was onoe called Ynys-wytryn^
(Inis-witrin) i. e. Glass (wUnmf Lat.) ialaad, from iu being eutiiel/
aorrounded by mar9hes»

Digitized by Google
91 STTKOLOOICAL MOOBAFHT. .

Led- tefy> H^refi>id4h. <m the Lecfen^ (tr^of the Severn.)

'^''^"} -f^-**^^ (Maldulphu^I^t.).
""tr;,) wlitS""
New- bury, Berks. the new town.
/ encompassed with MkrvLb9,
Shrem- hwnf^ Shrop^
\
(Scrybes-h\iTy.)f
'""'^
Sud.' fcfty, Suffolk.
^ I'":
( tradistinction*7"i^
to Norwich.)7;
Tewks- bury, Gloucester-sh. •
of St Tewk. J
Wednes- bwy, Stafford.sh. of fVoden. ||
Potters, puty, (f<» Pottera- 1 .
2,0^.^^. 5
6iif3f,) Northampton-sh. ^^^-P^"^^*^- §
J
Aal« &irg, Denmark. aboimdmg in eA, (aa( Oerm.)
Lauen- tea^ r^^ do. m honour of Henry the Ltbu. IF
Stxa8-iot0y>LowerRKme^France. on the ttreet, {strata, sc.via.)**
"''^
Baur.de»»x, Guyeime, Pnuice. l''

To the same may be referred several towns in England^ &c.

havmg the names of Burgh, Bury, Burrough, or Burrcw, Brough,
Brougham, ; Bourg, in Burgundy ; Baurges,- {Biiuriges of
the Romans) in Berri ; Burg, in Odderknd; and Burgo$, in
Old Gastile.

• The son of an Eastern emperor, who, retiring hither from the per-
secution of his father's court, founded a cell for 12 canons. Afterwards
mskiiig a pilgrimage to Jentsalesiy lie 4icd thecei but hit body was
brought back and buried here.
i* Many, particularly alders, grow in the noghbourhood. From this
cironmstance the Britons called it Pen-guenie» i. the hill of alders. So
the river Nairn, in the county of the same namet is called in Gael.
Uisge-nearne, i. e. the water of Alders.
$ AScottish nionk, who erected a hermitage here.
II
Thus we have Wednesday^ instead of Wodnesd&Yi on which he was
chiefly honoured by our Anglo-Saxon ancestors.
^ There are several in IM neighbourhood.
% It derives its name from an old castlot of which the remains are still
seen, built by Henry the Lion, and named in honour of him Loeweum\mwg»
When Julian defeated the Germans under the walls of this town, and
took their king (Chrodomaire) prisoner, it was much frequented as a
station between Gaul and Germany ; thus it was called iS^/ra/a*Burgus in
the fifth century, and hence the origin ot" its present name.
*t**)-
The quays are four miles in length, and the Garonne, whose waters
rise smr yards at lull tidot it here considerably broader than the Thames
M London Bridge.

Digitized by Google
 P0STFIXX9. 35

Bou&N ; fiu&N ; &c. (Sax. buruj GaeL Water» a Foun-

taiDy a Spring,) — a Brook, a Rimlet as. ;'

Bannock- burn, Stirling-sh. of Bannock, (tr. of the Forth.)

Black- burn. Lanes. i, e. the blacL' water.
*
Brink- ^wr?2,Northumberland-8h. on the/vr/wX;or edg^(oftheCoquet.)
Cran- bourn, Dorset-sh, of cranes,
Pader- bom, Fruaaia* of the Pader, (tr. of the Lippe.)
tJ'^<*»'-(8eir,Sax.)i»ater,
Sher- bourn, Dorset-sh.. &c. |

J i- on tl»
ham parish, Essex, &c
Do, Norfolk-sh. do. on the Bum, (f. into Germ. Oc)

To the same may be referred Bimrne, Lmcoln-ahire ; Bcmr^tm,

BsuDOs; (prigge^ Sax.) —a Passage of Wood or Stoue

made over a River; as,

'' ^"^"^
Ax- bridge, Somei-set-ah.
{ 'l^J^''
T)
Bandon-
1 ,
W^«,
.
/
CO.
^1
Cork.
j over the Bandon, (f. into
Kinsale Harbour.) |
Cam- bridge, co. town of do. sh. over the Cam, (tr. of the Ouse.):^
•Cor- bridge, Northumberlfflid. at the (kurt, (over the Tyne.) ||

* It is supposed to have received its name from the blackness of the

.waters ot the Derwent here.
•f It was once a small village to the North-west of Ixindon, and was
anciently called Ty ^bom, from it« situation near a rivulet formerly called
Aye-bmk er Eye-brook,' and now « Ty^^^urii brook.* It the place wu
of OMoatlon for London and Middlesex till 1788.
t Formerly Oranuu^rtz/^e, i. e. over the Crania.
It was fonnerly called Cwria Otlodinorum» or the Court of the
II

>NertkiMn)irieiii»

Digitized by Google
36 ETTMOLOOICAL OEOGBAFHT.

Cow- bridge, Glamorgan-sh. where the cow took shelter.

*

^ rSC?*' " } i. e. JW bridge.t

Stodu brufyet Hanttj York-ah.^ u e.the woodem bridge (^ftMie^

&e. Sax.) I

bridged. J
Tun- bridge, Kent-sh. overthe Tun, (tr. ofthe Med way.)
Wey- bridge, co. SuiTey. overthe (tr. of the Thames.)
'
Wood- bridge, co. Suffolk. i. e. the wooden bridge.

To the same an» to be referred several places with BridM or

Brig as a prefix ; aSj Bridge^cxth, Bridge-mAer, Br^g, Brig^
bamj &c
&€• »

Bbogk ; Bboke ; &c. (broca^ Sax.) —a Small Current of

Water, a Bivulet ; as,

(the store-house (hinne, Sax.)

Bin brook, Lincoln sh. I on a hrook^ (i. e. the Ank-
lam.)
Boiling- 6ro^^, do. ontheBo//m^,(tr-o^theWitham.)
Coin- brook, Middlesex & Bucks, on the Colne, (tr. of the Thames.)
Cran- brook, Kent-sh. ahounding with cranes.
T> 7 7 . rJ f L ft. on the ^tV/ over the brook,
Pem.6roie,co.townofdo.
(^e pr. Ben, &a) |1
^ ••

To the same aic to be referred several places beginning with

Brock or Brocken, Brook, &c &c

• Its name in Welch Is PmU^famh which is only a COW. of PmU-y-fen

or CaW'brigge* The figures of a cow and a bridge are the amriR of the
town ; the people have a tradition, that, when the bridge was first built,
a cow, being worried by the dogs, ran for shelter under one of the arches,
where she was so entangled by the horns, tliat she could not be extricated
alive : and that from this trivial circumstance the town received its name.
It stands upon the Agmore, a tr. of the Sevcnu
Near it are the mini of a e/^fwt
t It was built over the road« in a hollow way, forming a communica-
tion between two paiks* There is still a house at the foot of the hill,
called Dry*bfigg$% supposed to have been erected on the siteof theanciont
bridge,
11
on a neck of land that bounds the small estuary of
It is built Hows*
pooly a branch of MiUiud-haven.

Digitized by Google
 M8TFIXE8. 37'

L, &c. {bracket Germ.) —a Bridge ; as,

Iims. pruck, orlnns-briick, Tyrol, over the Inn, (tr. of the Danube.) •

*
Osna- briickj Hanover. for oxen, (Ochsen-briick.)
San-e. truck, or Saar^uc*,!
rrussia.
owr the &m. or Soar, t
J
2wey-^ri/>XT72, theGermanname i. e. the Two (zwcl) bridges, (viz.
of Denx-ponti, Bavaria. over tbe Little Erlbach.)
To the flame is referable Bruges in West Flanders, t

Caster; Chbstkb; Sz:c. {ceaster. Sax. ca^frum, Lat)—

an Encampment or Fort ; a Fortified Town ; as,

Al- caster, York-sh. on the Alne, (tr. of the Ouse.)

Don. cosier, do. en the Do?i, (tr. of the Aire.)
^ (on the Lan or Lune, (f. into
town ofexLanes,
, ^
Lan. ow^^r, CO. i
the Irish Sea.)

Chi- Chester, co. town of Sussex.

r^^I^liSr'''
on the Cclne, (£ into the
Col. Chester, Essex.
German Ocean.)
Dor- Chester, co. town of Dorset- on the water or river, § (i. e. the
sh. Frome.)
Eb- Chester pari si i, Durham co. of Ebba. IT
II- Chester, Sonierset-sh. on the Ivel, (tr. of the Parret.)
Mm-' Chester, Lanes. of^^one-quarries,** (Maen,6rit.)
Tj V 1^.,^
Rib- cA«ter, do.
1 (on the KMk, (f. into the
"llrirfiSea.)

maintain that it was 4eri¥td firom Osen-bHM^ (i. e. bridge

over the Osem,) The Jiaui however, and not the 0«en, might be na*
turally infened firom this derivatioiiy is the tmall river which txavmee
the town.
f It is supposed to be the site of a Roman town,—the * Pons Saravi*
mentioned in the Itinerary of Antonine.
X It IS intersected bv a number of canals, over which are numerous 6rt(/^£«.
g He wat ieoond kinff of the South Sazona.
a Anc. Dfimovaiiay i. e. the pasaage of the river f and by aome BffdfOm
poUty L e. of the wafer. Hence Dwer^ Kent-co. i. e. on uie water, tIi.,
the Channel^ the DwH
of the Sax.^ the Dswr of the Brit, and the Ihiru
of the Koman3.
^ A monastery was founded here by Ebba, daughter of Kthelfredf King
gf jiorthunilx'rland. She was afterwards abl)e.^s of Coldingham.
There are several of good stone ia tbe vicinity.
D

uigiii^ca by Google
38* XTTUOLOeiOU oimbapht.

Ro- c/iesterj co. Kent. . on &rock, (Rothe^ccaster, Sax.)*

Al« ceif^r^ or Aul-cet/^r, Wwr- oq the (eoi^* with th«

wick.;9h« Arrow.)
Ciren. c«i«-, Glouce8ter-8h. {^^^ f^fTJ"/^
Glou- town of do. {^ ^^^^ (GSwiweite,,
cetter, co. sh. ^^^j
Lei- oeiler, ca town of do. ah. {
g^^^'^J"
Monk- center, Northumberland CO. of the twow/*^. §
Wor- cester, co. town of do. sh. in a Jbrest, or among trees. If
Ex- «fer, (coiT. for anc Ex- on the Exe, (f. into the English
eetter) Devon-sh. ' Chaonel) **

To the same are to be referred Caster-ton ; Castle-ton ; Cassel,

(m Gennany, &c, Caatellum,) ; Chester ; Chester ^ton ; Cha-
teau; &c.
Neuf-c^ate/y Switzerland^ i. e. New-ca«/^, (Novum Castrum)

* castle is so lofty, that it may be seen at the distance of 30 miles.

The
This is supposed to have been once a populous city, called by the
•f
Bmans Segontium, and by the Britons Caer Segont. Leland records the
walls to hs^e been two ndlM im ^ompaas. Theso irtUl ramaiiif and ava
formed of alternate rows of stones and flints, about 18 feet high, and 15
thick ; and the remains of the ditch are in forne places 12 yards ih4ld%
with the appearance of having had four principal gates.
X From the chalky cMSs which surround it, (Caer-Gar*n<, Brit.)
*' This fine county (Leicester) was, not many years ago, mostly in
II

common or open fields^ and produced a great deal of corn. Since its en-
doAure, it has been found chiefly profitable in grass." 1808. —
§ The name which New-coitle bore till the time af the Norman inva-
sion, when it took its present name &om a casUe ersetad here by Boben,
eldest son of William as a cfaedc npon the Scots.
'

^ Ift^Mrna-ceaster, Sax. (wlm^ a Ibrsstf) and Vigomia, Lai» Th*

country abounds in woods.
The Wise of the Britons, from which they called this town Caer-
wwc, i. e. the town on the water or river. They gave the same name to
the town now called Usk^ in Monmouth-shire, which also stands upon a
river that still retains the appellation of the Usky another oorr. of the
same original British term, from which have been formed the modem

Digitized by Google
 P08TFIXE& 39

owes iU name to a castle which waa tiew about 1300 yean ago>
having been erected in the fifth century.
Hom-Castle, Lincohi-sh. i. e. the Winter Camp, is supposed to
hBifBhemibe Casira HybernaiiSih^ The walla wbifih
apassed it, aie in many places visible.

Dam ; (damniy Germ.) — Bank, a Dike ; as,

. ^ XT n
, J /of the Amstel, (f.
^ into the
Amster- dam,' Holland. < i7„,.j^, „^ x
^ Zuyder-zee.)
Leei:- dam, do. of the Leer, (tr. ul the Maese.)
°f ^' ^"""^
Botter. dam, io.
^ JVlaese.)
Schie« dam, do. of theSc/iiej (coiifl. r>f the Maese.)
Zsaok'dam, oftener Saar-titemj of the Zaan or ^iiaar, (tr. of
do. the Wye.)
. The or Holy (heilig) dike^ (a name that
Heilige- cfismm,
injUeates, perhaps, the veneradon in wMdi it was held by the
early inhabitants,) consists of low flat stones of different sizes
and colours in the neighbourhood of Dobbemn in the Dutchy of
Mecklenburg, and serves as a barrier against the impetuous sea
that breaks on them.

Dobf; &c (Germ.) , Village^ a Town ; as.

A\U(fr/, Switzerland. Old' town.

Dussel- dot/, Prussia.

{on the Duasel, (oonfl« with
the Rhine.)
Neu- dai/, or Iglo, Hungary. New-> town*

Ere and Esk, the latter of which is the name of no less than five rivers
in SiX)tlandOusc, the name of four rivers in England ; and Ouche, on
;

which stands Dijon, the chief city of Burgundy. The same word forms the
fint irllable of the Iri&h tuauebaughy and the Scotch whisky^ both of which
igniiy ^ the water of lifOi* To the aame may be refened the initial
labia ef HemAam^ Northumberland-shire, and ir«r-ford, Ireland t the
former being situated on the Tyn§9 and the latter at the month of the
Slaney, fVater/ard, which gives name to a oonnty opotenninous to
WeX'ford county, means exactly the same thing, being situated at the
mouth of the Suir. Exeter consists of four principal streets, which ter-
minate in Car-far Place, so called from two old JSorman words, tignifyin^
i' (Car for Quaire*)
* FQur-ufoyt

uigiii^ca by Google
 40 ETYMOLOGICAL OJSOORAPHT.

Fxbld; &c. {feld^ Sax.)-^ Piece of Land; a Fieid^ .

a Plain; as,

Batde.J^, Shrop-sK ofado/lfe.t

Beacons- fieM, Bucks. with the beacon. %
Blith- fieldy Stafford-sh. on the Blithj (tr. of the Frome.)
Chester- field, Derby-sh. of the campy (castrum.) ||

'
liQdi-feld, Bavaria. on the jLe(^^ (tr. of the Danube.)
" iXdeadhcdie*, {lyck. Sax,) §
^'ttS:
Hacdes. fieldy Cheshire. of St Michael, IT
MajOB'Jeld, Fnissia. of Mannus, **
-KT £u
Mans. /few, AT 44
Notts.
Joi^ the Mumt or the Jfattn,'

Roemer-y^, Westphalia.
^ (tr.
of the HimanB,
«f the Medon.)

Saai-feld, Germany. '

of the Saale, (tr. of the Elbe.)

^1hef!5^4''^^^^ y^^^ ^'^-^ ^

Wednes. btafloTd^.
-| ^^^^^ ^^^^ Saxpns.) +
Wm^/eld, Gemiany* oi victory. Xt

* The number of Roman antiquities found here, and other retMOkB,

render it prot)able that it was the ' Castrum Trajani.*
Here Henry IV. gained a victory over the rebels imder Henry Percy^
furuamed Hotspur.
i It stands on a hill^ and is supposed to have derived its name firam
a heacotiy or signal-post, which was fonnerly erected here.
H Here the Danes stationed a camp for a considerable time.
§ Many suffered martyrdom here in the time of Dioclesian.
4f[
There is a large church here, caUed St MkhaaC9^ supposed to have
be^ erected by the family of Savage.
The early whom they derived, according
King of the Germans, from
to some^ the name of Ale-mannu
It is noted for a latUe fought here in 911, when the Britons undor
ISdwaid the Elder, completely routed the Danes t two mounts are stQI
shown al the plaoe, whm
the dead bodies of the two nations were in*
terred. He is oftener called Odbi.
Xt Here Arminius, or Hennan, iitfmM the legions of Varus, AJ>« 10.

uiyiii^ca by Google
 P0STFIXB8. 41

Ford ; (Sax. /wr/, Germ.) —

the Shallow part of a River,
where a passage may be effected ; as,
of Athdttam,^ oYet the Lug*
Athelstaiie-yM!»Haddingtoii.ak« downrbum^ the
(f. into
Firth of Forth.)
ri. e. the bed or restii
resting-place
Bed-ybr(/, co. town of Beds. -c at the ford, (over the
tl Great
\ Ouse.) t
{the oad ford
broi over the Avon,
Brad./on/, Wilts. into the Bristol Chan-
t neL)
el)
over tbe Brent, (tr. of the
BrenUjbrd, Middlesex.
Thames.)
oyer the Camd, {L into the
Camd^/ard, ComwalL
Bristol Channel.)
over the Ckelmer, (f. into the"
ChskoB^/ard, Essex.
German Ocean.)
Craw.ySwtf, Lanark-sh. of blood, (over the Clyde.) J
{over
the Cray, (tr. of the
Ciaj^/erd, Kent-sh.
Daren t.)
D&rt^/ord, (for Daieat'/ord,) \ over the Darent,
(tr. of the
Kent-sh. } Thames.)
DefUfoird, Kent-sh. the ^etf^ford (over the Thames.) ||
of an emjTj {here, Sox.) oTer
Tim^Jwd, eo. town of do. sib. the Wye, (tr. of the 8e.
vero.)
the red ford (Herud-tord,
Hert- ford, co. town of do. sh. Sax.) over the Lea, (tr. of
the Tluuiu's.) §

J theIoti(/ ford (over the Cam*

Itfmg-firdi CO. town of do. sh.
\^
mon,) tr. of the Sliannon.
Or^/ard, Suffolk^ over the Ore, (tr. of the Aide.)

• Here Athehtane^ King of the East Saxonti, ferried over his army
a^^^ainst the ^^cotD, and in a battle with King Himguiy was violently pulled
from his horde, and Nlain.
•f* It iH said to have been tlie burying -place of Offa, Kinc^ of ilie 3Iercians.

$ It is supposed that the app<;llutioii arose from some bloody contesu

betvreen the inhabitants and their Roman invaden.
n Orov«r tb«Ravtiis*wort]hii«ttr its ooofliMiioe with ih^
f FiMfbcMtarof llM^rM«laith«bottoai«£ th« river*

uigiii^ca by Google
 ^ £TYMOL(HII€AL GSOOJIAPHY.

Ox- ford, (anc. Oxen^r<t) co. of or for oxen, (over the Isig,
town of do. eh. of the Thames.) *
tr.

r where a mineral pUeh exudes

ViUik^/ard,. Shrop*8h. J from a red saiid..stl)Qe, (on
Se^/ard, Susaex.
X the Severn.)
. beside the tea, (English Chaxh)
'^'^'>
Sta£-/ord, co. town of do. sh. j theSow,
/^'^/v^^J^-) ^^^f
(tr. oftheTrent.)t
i
Strang-ford, er Bixmi-ford, on the 8tra?id or bank (of the
. Down-co. bay so called.)
"arrow ford (over
Strat. ford, SuflFolk co. i ^^^^J^'^
^ the Stour,) f. mtoGerm.Oc.
Thet-/mt Norfolk co. • / ^"'^T Ctr. of tiie Little
1 Ouse.)

Walling- /or^/, Berks. / ^' ^^^^^^ (^^^^

* Thames.) J
1
^"^^^ (''^^
Water-/or(/, co. town of do. sh. j the Sun*.) ||
I
. on the Roman road called
Wh,Uford, Herts. JI WatAing Street, (over the
( Colne.)§
Birken,)
Knuts- ford, Cheshire. '
'
J""^ ^^^f^ ^^''Z ^^"^
tr. of the Bolhn.)
I
Clagen- furt, Carinthia. over the Glan, (tr. of the Drave.)
There are several hamlets of the name of Ford in England, as
well as a small yillage ui the southern pairt of East Lothian.

Gate, (Sax.) —an Entrance into a City, &c. ; as,

Canon^ ffote, Edinburgh city. of the canons. IT
• According to other authorities, it is supposed to be a corr. of Ouseney-
ford ; the ford at or near Ouaeney^ or the meadow of Ouse, a t^rm de-
notiiig tMilm*.
t Formerly a pair of such or tHUi was frequently left on either
bank of a ford for the convenience of patiengeri, U the practice in some m
districts at the present day.
It was formerly surroonded by mUb, and had a castle of great
strength.
II
The Suir
a broad, deep, and rapid river, and falls into the arm of
is
the sea called Waterford-H arbour, (^Sevcrus, Lat.)
§ It was one of the consular high-ways^ made by the Romans for the
nuurch of their armies, and formed by stakes, and smaller pieces of wood
between them, called wMm,
to keep up the earth and stones.
IT Via. the Mmdu of the Abbey'of HQly.md, who were aUinrad by
David L to build this town, which was sometimes called C«iMNiii4Niigli.

uigiii^ca by Google
 High, ^ate^ .neat Lcmdoiu on the ke^/k. ^
*

"ilLzx^gate, Kent.oo. (ancMere- a m^ne or stream of

for letting
gate J) vr water run into the sea.
Vori^. gate, Northumberland. i. e. the port or gate, t

^" ^
Rei. gcae, or Rye. gate, Surrey.
{ M^ieJ^
Gsn; &a (an abbreviated form of megen^ Teut for
tnagus^ Cdt., which,' according to Wacfater, denotes)—
a Field ; a Colony or Town ; as,

^^'"^^^
Grt>nin'.i^, Holland. ^ .^^

Nime- guen, Holland, (Niew-*^

megen, Teut. ; Novio-jwa- > i. e. the New town.
^2^4 Lat) J

1 1} J J ^^^^ o&we lin or lake

Oberlin-^.», Baden.
-j (^f Constance.)
Oehrin-^«f»> Germany. on the Oktt (tr, of the Elbe.)
Rh^- magen, Prussia. on the Rhine, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
Rou. en, Normandy, France.
^ ^^^^^^ Lat.) §
Site- magus, (now Thetford,) on the Sit, (now the K^^,) tr.

Noriblk CO. of the Little Ouse.

GoBOD ; kc (Ru88.) —a Town ; aa,

Beloi-yororf, a divisioa ofl

i. the »^Aite town. IT
Moscow. J

* The belonging to the Bishop of Ijondoiii has Ktood for ttm^

toll-gale,
iflimeniorialon the sttmmit of the hili.
f There was formerly a gate here through the Picts* wall, the mine
of which are still obiServable.
:^ A gate and some small remains of Uolmes*Cadtle are still to be seen..

He was a Duke of Friesland.

}|

t § An Idol, worshipped by the Velofcaiseiy the ancient mhabitanta of

th^ district, whose image was thrown down by Mello^ first bishop of
the town.
f 8o oaUed firam a taftlltf wall which encircled it*

Digitized by Google
44 BTYMOLOaiCAL OEOOBAPHr.

Katai^oroe/yadivisionofMoscow. L e. the Chinese town*

Noyo.^orotf^orNov^or(M/3uM. i. e. New town.
Samlianoi- garedy Bussia. L e. Earthen town. *
Hartz. yenM^ff^Anhalt^ (Germany* near the Hartz motrntains.
Kdnslaiituio- grad, do. in honour of CoHskmHne.
Mykla-yr(K/, Scandinatian 7 : .
nameof ConBtantinopk.
Greaf town t ^'^^^^'^
J
Paulo- grad, Russia. Sn honour of the Emperor Pan/.
Gorod- archangelskoi^ do. L e. the arclmigeVe city. %

Hau^ (Sax.)—a Habitation or Dwelling-place^ a Village

or Town ; as,

Bucking- ^am, co. town of Bucks, amongst beeches, (bocce. Sax.)

Chelten- ham, Gloucester. on the Chelt, (tr. of the Severn.)
Chil- ham, Kent-sh. of Julius, (anc. Jtt/-ham.)

Caiippen. Wats.
{^^tolT"^
Deben- Aam, Suffolk. on theD^^n^ (f. intoOerm. Oc.)
Dir. ikm parish, Gloucester-sh.
^^^twaUn«rv>^,(.dur,

Dur- ham, 2.
co. town ofcA
A
do. sh,
\. ^ water or river, (Le.
Wear*) T
Fanu &ifn, Surrey co. abounding in fern.
Frods- ham, (for Fords- ham,) at the ford (over the Wever,
Chesh. tr. of the Mersey.)
Flitch- ham, (corr. for anc.) ^
^ r» /•
Felix-Aaw, Norfolk co.) j

* So called from an earthen rampart.

-f The Russians termit Zaro-jforod, and the Bulgarians, Zare-^ra^t
i. e. the Royal city, (Czar.)
This town was built in 1684, near the convent of the laint and
orAangel Michael.
II
AU
the plaoei which have the name of Chippen prefixed to them,
apflear to have beoi. In the time of the Saxons, mirh^ or pIsiMe ^iradtm
§ There are several small $pring$, which united form the Beyle.
^ Sometimes IhmJiolme, i* e* a hill auzroonded by water, viit ihe
Wear. (^Duri'elmumy Lat.)
** A
Burgundian, and first bishop of the Bast Angles, who erected a
aonastery here.

Digitized by Google
 vwmxEB. 45

/^^^ of (qu,
Pnl
1< ham Miaoiesex
ui- /iaw, Middlesex CO
CO.
J^iw/.ten.) ,

Hon-^m^ Sussex CO. ciHana**

Notting- ham, oo. town of do.l
sh. (anc. Snotting.^m^ > wiA ea«e«^ (^^^a^ Sax.) t
Sax.) .
J
Shore- Aaw, Sussex co. on the shore (of the Engl. Chan.)
Tynn-ing- ham, J Haddington- on the Ti/ne, (f. into Firth of

sh. Forth.)
Wevers- ham, Chesh. on the Wever, (tr. of the Mersey.)

u 1. •
1 /<« the ^liir, § (cMT. for
Ld. «»», Bei-wick-ah.
AderJlom.)
To the same we refer several parishes of that name in England^
and the town dHamm in Westphalia.
• a

Hausen; (Germ.) dkHome; Homes^ Dwellings; as^

New- haus, Switzerland. i.e. ^ea>-hou8e.

Lech-^fMe»^ Bavaria. on the I^oA^ (tr. of the Danube.)
Muhl-totM0fi^ Plrussiay &c on the Jtftftf^Ctr. of the Danube.)

• A Saxon settler there.

-f town is buih, is of a sofc^ sandy description,
Tiie rock on which the
out of which many vatdU or cellars are dug ; in some placet two or three
under eadi other. The ttain that lead to theje vaults, are alio cut oat
of the rock, and have frequently 80 ttepi. It U said that these anciently
served the inhabitants as a retreat from their enemies.—JMdfceiMM^t
Nottingham,
The syllable ing^ corresponding to the Saxon genitive, is frequently
added before the postfix, for soundN sake ; as, Dart-in^-ton. Devon.*h.
on the Dart^ (f. into the £ngl. Chan.) ; Leam-in^-ton, Warwick-*h. on
the Leam^ (tr. of the Ou8e;) Whitt-iii^-ham, Ea4t-Lothian, on the
If AOtf-water, or }rAii/.adder.
H Brother of Hengist the Saam, who is supposed to have first built
the town.*
I' This was the original name of the IDUf.«dder.

uigiii^ca by Google
46 BTTMOIMieAIi QSMRAPHT.

Saxen- hausen, Germany. i. e. of the Saxons. * ...

Scho!^- kaitsen, and Schiff-1 .

a-
«
e. for tif^ or
r ^ /
(aditf.) t
>Jat«e«, Switzerland. }
Havjsn ; (havUf Dan. ; hafn, Camb. Brit.)—a Harbour,
a Haven; as,
Bere- Aaeeity Ireland. shelteredby Bere island. |
Cfaristiaiis- haven, Denmark. foiuukd by Christian IV. ||
Cfjfpm- hagen, cap. of Den-1
mark, {KioebenJtiBm, Dan- >- L e. Merehani^ hayaiL {
Lat.)
fiiES/fcia,
J
Bdfts- ibtrn, Holland. itDelft.%
New- Aoo^, Edinburgh-sb. i..e. the haven.
Stone- haveuj Kincardine-sh. L e. the Stony haven, ft

Heim, (Germ.) —a Homey a Residence ; as,

Bischofi- heim. Lower Rhine. i. e. of the Bishop^

Boj"^''"' <"-|
^fei^^' oftheSo«,(B«iohemum.)«
Dront- ^em, or Trond- te'w, 1 r^i. -tL • r^i. .-i.
of the wfw»e,.i.e. ofthe court.
Norway j

' • One of the two parts composing the city of Frankfort on the Maine.
•f*
It is the depot for goods sent down the Rhine in boats from the Ori-
sons, which must be landed here and carried below the fall, inhere the
river becomes again navigable.
X It lies contiguous to that ukmd»
I It is situate on the Isle of Amdc, directly opposite to Copenhagen.
§ Its foundation is attributed to bishop Axfd, vho^ in 1168, obtained
from the reigning king of Denmark the concession of a small piece of
'ground occupied by a hamlet of fishermen. In less than a century it
obtained the privileges of a dty, and in the 14th century became the
r^idence of the Court.
^ There is a communication betwixt this town and Delft by meant
of a canal.
•
In the reign of James IV. who endowed it irith certain privileges.
*ff The lutfbour is weU sheltered, and formed, by a
the rocks.
%X Several tribes of this name lived in different j^irtsof ancient Tnmob
and Germany.
III!
It wa3 formerly the residence of the Norwegian Kings, and their
ancient ihrone is still to be seen in the palace, now used as an arsenal.

Digitized by Google
 P08TFIZES. 4fJ

Jaxt- heim, Bavacio. on the Jaxt, (tr. of the Neckar.)

Kaisen. heim, do. of Ccesar, or the Emperor. *
Kirch- heim, do. . i, e. the Kirk-iovm»

]fiiidel-^^»i> do. ontheitftmM^(tr.ofiheI)an!A^

HiTHs; Hythe; (Ay/A^9 Sax.)—a little Haven or

. Port; as,

Gieeiu MAe, Kent. by the Gf^en csr meadow.

Bother- kitke, Surrey. at the Red rose or kei^kt. t
There is H^t/ie or Hithe, in Kent^ one of the Cinque Ports.

Hobn; (aem^ Sax.) —a DweUing, a Beeidenee; as.

Dreg- horn, Ayr-sh . i. e. the dwelling by the iwamp^i

Whit- Adm, or Whit-^er»,l . ^, .
n- u
^^''^ dweUing. t|
Wigton^. / ^'

HuBST ; {hyrst. Sax.)—a Woo^ or Thidcet ; as,

Block, burtt. Warwick^^ i on the

I
^ brook, (Broca,) tr. of
Avon.

^"^"^
Delmen. Gemany.
{'"'the W^seo'
Lynd- hunt, Hants. on the l^nn or water. §

• It was formerly an imperial city.

-f-
stands on the banks of the Themes;.
It Its ^cieot name Redm WM
Rose-haven^ but it is now generally called Red-riff,
4: The parish lies between the waters of the Annock and Irvine in the

lower part of their course^ and is bounded by Fenyi\c\L on the N. E.

I St Ntiiiao MH
a diiixoh here in the 4th century, Bede men-
tiont as the fim that was erected of stone^ and which, from itH appearance,
was called, in the Roman langnage, CanMia Casa, or the WhUe Bourn*
The Saxon tem Is Hwit-aern, now altered into Whit-hem,
§ What is now called the New Forest is a tract of about 40 miles in
compass ; formerly it contained populous towns and villages, all of which
are said to have been destroyed, and laid out as a forest^ by William the
Conqueror. Its situation on the Southampton fVcUer^ and the BriOth

Digitized by Google
46 . ETYMOLOQICAIi GEOGBAPHT.

Mid- hurst, Sussex co. i. e. Middle wood.

Fens, hurst, Kent co. the wood on themmenee> (pen.)
Deer, hurst, Gloucester.sh* abounding in deer*
£lm.Aicrjf, Stafford-slu do. dmi»
Ew- Atirjr, Surrey CO. do. ^ew-tiees.
Ymimhutr^ Sussex co. , do... fernM.
Hawk- hunt pmnsh, Kent oo. do. hawki.
HoUy. hurti, Warwick-sh. ^ do. hoUyJtcM.
There are several hamlets in England so named.

Lbt ; &c. {leag^ Sax.)—a Pasture, a Meadow, a

Common; as,

Ba&. le^, Gloucester^. of teec^trees^ {heoree, Sax.)

Chor- ley. Lanes. neartheCAor,(tr. of the Yarrow.)
Bar- ley, (for Derwent-/cy,) near the Derwent, (tr. of the
Derby-sh. Trent.)
Dud- lei/, Worcester-sh. of Diido or Duddo, *
Hen- ley, or Han. ley. War- near the Alne, (tr. of the Yar-
wick-sh. row.)
Pais- ky^ Renfrew-sh, (anc.l
Pass-a. kUif PasgeU wU, > i. e. the moiMt pasture-ground. t
Brit.) )
There are several townships^ &c. in England called Leiyh.

Lin ; &c. (llyn or lynrif Brit.) —a Deep Pool ; a Lake

any Water; as,-

Dub-
Wlk/— lin,
wwtWf of A«W«CMJIV*.
cap. V»
VMr^. Ireland. *• e.•
i. the
v«iv/ lake of the sea.
J
•V
Dun-ferm-
/ «. iR.A
itne^ Fife.8h.
1
<
f i.

^^^^
^
e. the hill by tlie

rivulet.
t'

||
winding
if

Ckmnti^ xenden it tbe most conyenient and valuable district in the king,
dom for the ready supply, by water<4»iTiage, of timber to his Majesty^!
dock -yards.
• A
Saxon prince, by whom it was founded in 700.
+ is situated on the banks of the White Cart.
It
Dublin (DuUinum, Lat.) is situated at the head of a large 6ay of the
Imh Sea, called Dublin Bay.**
Q This was a/or^ erected by Malcolm Canmore, on a peninsular mown$
in Pittencrieif Glen.

Digitized by Google
 40

Kil. iin, PertkiAh. i. e. the kirk on the loch, (Tay.)

(""agl*.) t»y
Mauch line Avr sh -Z^**

Ko8- /in. Edinburgh^h.

|
^
pST^
^
Stir. /ni;^9 oou torn do. ah. the Ulrve 'waten*
Lifu dudeE College, Kirkcud- L on the riyer Cbidctij (tr* of
e«
bright-sh. the Nith.)
Lin- colli, CO. town of do. sh. i. e. the kill on the linn, f

r ' J Tj J / i. e. the /o?ryi on the lake (of

L«.rf.. au. Baden.
-[ Constance.) J
^i. e.the abbey (of monks of
Lin- doves, Fife-sh. -< the order) of Tours on the
\ water (of Tay.) ||
T ^ake of the or^^kmnd,
town ofCAdo.
^^^^
Lm-
r
litngow, co.
.
1,
sh.
(liath.) §

r • ^ M AA' ^ u J i. e. the tote^» on a linn (of

ton, Haddington.8h.
^ theTyne.)ir
Luru 4itie parish* Angus-sh. i. e. the pool of God,
Xffm*- ington^ Hants. i. e. the town on the fy«n.tt
Qu-lane, orGoo-iian, Had- 1 .
^ 7.-,, /r^ j
, ,
-d v
a Ime lake, (Go..^, Bnt.)
dington sli ^ i-e.

• In all the old records it is called Siryve-Hn or Strive-ling, because

the three waters^ viz. the forth, Teith, luxd Aiiao, unite not far from the
town.
'fit stands in a cold situation on a high hill^ by the tide of the river
Witliam. It is the Lindum of the Romans.

* "^ilriJtrtr " ^'"^ } «•

and Thur-^rau, Switzerland. i. e. on the ThuVy (do. do. )

It was founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon, brother to King
II

William, in memory of his takinj^ of Ptolemais, in the Holy Land.

§ Accordinf]^ to some, it is of British origin, and signifies the lake of the
sheltered valley^ which is sufficiently descriptive of the situation ; a& Glas'
gom Is understood to mean ^ a dark vale or gkn^* in alludon to the ravina
near which the earliest settlement was made.
% Till this day there is a pond near the Tillage.
** The largest lake in the parish is so named, probably from its great
extent, as rich hills or tree.'t, deep wUm, &C. were formerly called the
kiUs, trees^ waters^ &c. of God.
It is situated on a creek of the Engl. Chan, called Boldre Water*
B

Digitized
in STTMOLOSICAL OBOOBAPHT.

To the same source we refer Lynn Regis, or King's Lynn, in

Norfolk, which stands ou the right bank of the Ouae^ near its
mouth. * .

Minstcb; .(myiM^er, Sax.; mneiMler, Germ.; mouHer^

Fr. monasterium^ Lat.) a Conventual Church or
; —
Abbey ; a Monastery ; as,

AtL' minster, Devon-sh. on the >^.r^, (f into Engl. Chan.)t

II. minster, Somerset^h, on the Hie, (tr. of tlie Parret.)
f^herea^rf i. «id to hsT.
Leo. minster,
BMter.) Hereford-sh.
(corr. into I*-
1
ap^ to a monk m a

Stovj^ minster, Donet-sh. on theiStotfr9(f.intoEn^Chan.)

Up- n^in^er, Essex co.

'^-^^y-
{ ^^^J^
West- minster, Middlesex co. West from St Paul's, London.

Alt.muW. mumter, Bavaria. °"

^ iln£.]""^^'
fi- e- the small rnonastery on
af«i«w«..Poiit-y<miie,Prance,
''^
(corr. fcr MonaMriolum.) 1

There are some ])ansheSj S:c. of tliis name in England: and to

the same are referable Monstiers in Provence ; Monstier or Mou^
tiers, in Savoy ; Munster, % Prussia ; and NoirMOUtier in th»
ialand of that name, France.

* Until the reign of Henrv VIII. this town appears to have been
Galled Bishop^s Ljfiui, irben, falling into his hands in oonsequenoe of some
exchange of property, it received the name of Lynn^RegiB,
•f-
It was erected by Athelstane for seven priests, to pray for the souls
'of those killed in his army, when he defeated the Danes in the neighbour^
ing field, which " King's Field."
is still called
X been founded by Charlemagne, who, to bring
It is said to liave
about the conversion of Sajcons that chose ratlier to die than becomo
Xhristiau^, built in that situation a splendid monasterff.

uiyiiizca by Google
 51

MoMDB ;^ &C. (mundf Genn.) — the Mouth ; as,

of the Dender, (confl. withr

Pender- mofMfS^^ Belgium.
{ the Scheldt.

J i. e. on the kill at the mouik

Dnun- numd Ca8tle> Perth-ih.
I (of Strath-em.)
( the mouths of the Pene and
Pene- munder fortress^ Prussia. Oder, (f. into the Baltic
{
( Sea.)
Boer* numde, oftener Kure- of the R^,
(tr. of the Ifaete
monde, or Buer- monde* or Meuse.)
Scfaier. mond, Holland. of the Sehie, (tr. of the Maese.)
Srnne- mundej, Pmssia. o^the Swine, (f. mto Baltic Sea.)
the Tfwe,* (f. into the
Tiave- munde, Germany,
Gulf of Lubeck.)
{of the Ucker, (f. into th^
ycker* munde, Pnisna.
GrasshalV.)
of the Vistula, or Wesel, (fL
Weiehael- munde, W. Prusna. into the Baltic Sea.) t
of the Yssel, (conll. with the
YmU monde island^ Holland. Maese.)
Neckai^^emund, Germany. of the Neckar, (tr. of the Rhine.)
Saite^ ffueminee, France. of the Sarre, (tr. of the Bliae.)

Mouth ; (jnutky Sax.) — the Part where a River emptiei

itself; as,

4U n u J f of the Cocker, (confl. with the

Cocker- mouth, Cumberland. 1
< Derwent
Dart- Devon-sh.
motftil^ oftheAiff,(f. into Eng|. Chan.)
Eye- mou^t Berwick-sh. of the Eye, (f. into Germ. 0c)
mmx^ Deven-ah. of the ^ce, (f. into Engl. Cban.)

•• Lubeck stands on the same river, about 12 miles from its month.
The harbour of Dantzic, situated about five miles from the mouth of
the Vistula, is protected by the poru of thi^ town^ which is aometimet
called liinply Munde,

Digitized by
S5t nYMOLOmCAXk nOSRAPBT.

Fal- mouth, Cornwall. of the Fale, (f. into Engl. Chan.)

Gn^ge. n«nUk, Stirling^. { ^^f^^^'

Lossie- mouth, Moray-sh, of the Losxie, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
f of the Munnow or Monnow,
Hon. mMfll^ eo. town of do. ah.
\ with the Wye.)
(conti.
Ply. mouth, Devon-sh* of the Plym, (f. into BriU Chan.)
Sid- mouth, do. of the Sid, ( do. do. )
Teign- mouth, do. of the Teign, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
Tyne- mtnOh, Northumberland, of the Tynt, (JL into Germ. Oc)
Wey- mouthj Dorset-sh. of the JVe^, (f. into Engl. Chan.)
Tar- mouth, Noifiklk. of the Yare, (f. into Germ* Oc)

PoLia; PoLi; Ple; Sec. {pol is, Gr,) —a Town;

a City ; as,

AmphI- polisy Romelia, in Tur- i. e. the cHy smrounded, {cmphi,

key, (corr. into EmJjolL) about, Or.) *
Anna, polls, Maryland^ Unit- 1 of Anna or Anne*
ed States. f
{flf^'he,
Arko- polls, Arkansas, do. '^^^^
j^wif'***^'^''*^'
Helio- polis, Egypt> &c of the Sun, (helios, Gr.)
Vme-polia, anc cap. of Per. 1 . ,
rnetiomlis of Peraia.
8ia.
Nico- poh, or Nico- polis, \ c -
* / -l- n \ j.
of CKtory, Gr.) t
BulJTria, Turkey, &cr \
'^-j founded by

Trajano- poli, do. .

greatly improved by Trajan*
Adriano. pie, Romelia, do. improved by Adri<m*
Constantino- 7:>/^, do. do. corr.
into Stamh^ow/ or Istam- V rebuilt by CMUlbmltne the Gfeat.
boL

* It took name from the river Strymon, which nesirly surrounded H.^
its
It was
«|> by the Emperor Trajan to commemonte hit vfeUDfy over
Iniilt
the DidaM ; whilft Jilo»'ipaH» ia Epims wat founded by AuifaitMi, In
honour o£ hit defeat of Antony and Ckopatra iu a naval enfigsaent.
Xlua is the name of many ancient towns. Vm^riOf ia^pain, o^Ms. ita.
to a simihur ciicumatanoc

Digitized by Coog[(
 '

Ahppo, or Hale;,^o (anc. ' '

'

|
'

jj^ eitT.
•
Hierajpom) cap. oi byria. J
Greno- ble, (coit. for anc.^
Grano-j»/e, from Gi-atiano- > enlarged bj Gralian.
pdiSyltvX,) LyonnoisjFrance. J
Na-
/WW
thus, Syria
of Herod s time.)
(anc.
|
Nea- \
^ ^
^ ' ^
' .

Na- (anc. Nea-polis) Italy. do* do*

Tara- Wo«, or Tara-^o/o, Sy-l j r w
/T J A i X, I
1 1. e. the city composed of mr*4
ria, (Turk, and Arab, fcr
'
•
anc Tri.jtw/e.)
The term Tr'i-poli was
respectively applied to a district of Ar-
cadia, as well as that between the two Syrtes in Africa the for^ ;

mer from having three towns, and the latter from its Ikrec princi-
pal cities, viz. Oca, Sabrata, and Leptis Magna. DecsL-poli^, a
diatnct of Judea, from comprizing 10 (deka) cities* They were
only at the distance of a furumg fiom each otlier*

Font ; &c. {pont^ Fr. pons, •tia, Lat.) —a Bridge ; as,

Pen- pont, Dumfties-sh* qu* the Pendent or Hanging, i. e.

Pendens Pons. archedbridge, (over the Scarr.)*
Negro- po7it, or corr. into
1
Egri-/?o, cap. of Island of>- i. e. the Dar^ bridge.
the same name in Greece.
J
Gram- po?indf Cornwall co« i.e.theG?*€a^bridge,(Grandpont»)'^
Pont^ St Esprit, France* of the Holy Spirit. }
Po7it~ ar-dylais, Carmarthen-sh. on the Didas, (tr. of the Towy.)
Pante* fract, or Pom-iret, York- i. e. the Broken bridge, (fradue,
sh. Lat) II
'

^"^^ ^""'^ oi Aelias Hadrianus.^

tf?"*^^"*'
thumberland co. / *

• There is a bridge of one semicircular arch, supported by two steep

rocks, over the Scarr. It is of very remote antiquity, nor is it known
when it was built. The singularity of the structure, when nothing ot
(hat kind existed here, might have given occasion for the name.
f There
'.
h
ffood Mttme'bridffe over the Fale here*
i It is chiefly celebrated for its bridge over the Rhine* which oomiiu of
19 great and 7 small arches, and is one of the finest in France.
It was broken by the weight of the multitude that aooompanied
|j

William, Archbishop of York, on his return from Rome.

§ This appears to have been the ancient Roman station, called I*Mi
.

Aeiiip having a bridge erected over the Font by Aelias Hadrianuiu

«2

Digitized by Google
S§ WYUOLOOmML OSMBAPHT.

Pont" oise, Dep. of Seine^ &e. . om^ HIum Oue^ (confi. widi ^«
France. Viome.)
Pojile- de-Dios, Mexico. i. e. of God or Nature.*
Fonle. d^-L ima, Entie-Doti- \
jj 5^ Atlantic)

Pool ; {Camh^ Brit, j^trf, Sax.) — ^properly a Detached or

Enclosed Piece of Water ; hence, a Haven, a Harboiur ;

as,

Hartle* jnmi/j. Durham eo. i.e. the harbour of HarU t

T .
IT
Liver- pod. Lanes. ^
i ou. the port of the River,
+
viz^

Welch- jt^oo^^ Montgomery-di. i. e* the haven of Wales,

There are several hamlets, townships, &c. of this name in Eng-

land ; particularly Poo/r, in Doiset*fi]:L, which stands upon Lux-,
ford Bay.

Poor ; &c. (Eastern,) —a Town, a City ; as,

Mahahali- poor, Hindostan. of the Great Bali. §

Ram- jt?oor, do. in honour of Ram or Rama*^
Ruttun- poor, do. i. e. Diamond town;

Shah-Jehan. /?oor, do. oi JSkah Jekan,**

• This natural bridge^ which has been hollowed out by the waters of
the deep river Aquitoyac, is situated about 100 miied tO the South l^t,
of Mexico, and is constantly crossed as a high-way.
*t> A
small village, Tvhich is now united to Har tie -^ooh
$ ^ It would seem that the town was originally named fnm tti ilcaa^
tton, av bring, probably, tbe roost remarkable collection of boildfaigi be>
longinff to this jsoolor havcn.^* —
Aikin^s Manchester.
The river Severn, which here divides £ogland from ITalsff, passes
II

near the town.

§ The name of an ancient Hindoo temple, situated about 35 miles
south of Madras. Near this site a great capital once stood, but at present
it is inhabited only by a few Brahmins, living in huts, who obtain a sub-
sistence by exhibiting the ruins.
%
This is the name of one of the Hindoo demigods. Several places are
called by his name.
** The name which
this sovereign gm
New Delhi, from making it
TCiidenco.

Digitized by Google
Visia- jENN^^orBeja-jEMX^JUindostan. of the Fiaier or B^y**

The termination poor in these and sixnikr names, is as 'fre-

quently spelt j)our and j)ore.

F0BT9 (portof, Ital* puertOf Sp. parttts^ Lat>-^ Har-

bour; as,

Brid- port, Dorset-sh. of the Brit, (f.into Engl.Chaii.)t

Daven- port, Cheshire. of the DanCf (tr. of the Wever-)
Devon- port, Devon-sh» of Devon, (county.)
Nieu-/?or/, Belgium. i. e. the New harbour.
Stock- port, Cheshire. qu. the Residence at the port.
Port- Chester, Hants. 1. e. the castle over the ^asUX
Port' Glasgow^ Renfrewndu of Glasgow. II

Port' Moak parish, Kinros8-sh« i. e. of St Moak* §

Port" Patrick, Wigton-sh* L e. of St Pairkk*
Porf« See, Iiiyeniess-sli. i e; of tkeXin^^ (ri ^ri^,r9i,Fr.)
Porto^ Bello, Colombia. i. e. Fine baiboor. IT
Pofto- Seguro, BianL i. e. the Secure harbour.

Staot, (Germ.)—-a Town, a Citj ; as,

Alt- stadt, a division of Dtis-

seldorf, &c. ^ L e. the Old Town*

* II was oiite the c^tsl of aa independent eomr^lgik^ of the

name.
i* had once a convenient harbour^ which is now choked up with sand.
It
1^ ancient castle was erected to command the AarAowr ; and being
Its
private property, has iieen rented by the crown, and appropriated to th«
purpose of confining prisoners of war.
It
Though it stands at the distance of 19 miles from Glasgow, tke town-
dark and ane ef tie baihea are chosen by that eftjr*
§ Port*BIoak itself lies on Loch Leven, and consists only of a farm*
steading and hurying-gronnd. There once stood a religious house, of very
ancient origin, according to Keith, taking its name from St Moaky and
having the adjunct of Fort from being the isfufia!^ jrfsos liom the Isle of
8t Serf.
5f Thin harbour was di.sc^vered by Columbus, and was so dejiignated by
him on account of its excellence. The name has bince been applied to thw
town.
** It is eheUered on all sides by steep coral rocks.

uigiii^ca by Google
 «

fiS ITTMOLOalCAIi OlOOBAPHT.

^' ".'
Brahe- rfac//, Russia. . o( Brake,*
Carl- stadt, Austria, of Charles, (Carl, Germ.)

Chiirtian. ladt, Sweden. i^ ^"Z^"'^

Denmark. T f
Darm- Germany.
stadt, on the Darm, Ctr. of the Rhine*)
Frederick- stadt, Denmark* in lion our of Frederick IV.
Halber- stadt, Saxony. of Albert, (a Duke of Austria.)
Hennan- stadt, Austria. of Herman, ( Arminius.) |
stadi, Bavaria* onthefb4(ooiifl.withtheDanube.)
Inn-. jIik&j do* on the Infi, ( do; do.)
Lipp- stadt, Prussia. on the Lippe, (tr. of the Rhme.)
Neu
seldorr,
a division of Dus-
&c.
\.
J
^ ^
Rudol- sladtj Upper Saxony. of Rudolph, (Rodulphus, Lat.)
William- stadt, Holland. in honoiu: of fVilUam.

St£ad i St£d i &c. (jstedGf Sa^.) —a Place ; as,

Brij^Qidm- stead, Sussex. of St Brighthdm,

Bat^ stead, Essex co* i.e.£«fy^*steadorB0mi^iUtown*
Fair- sied, do. i. e. the Fair place.

Wor- steadf Norfolk co. q[U. Village- (worth. Sax.) town.

Stock, (stok, Sax.) —a Place ; as,

Flym- stock, Devon-sh. on the Plym, (f. into Brit. Chan.)

Tavi- stock, do. on the Tavy, of the Tamer.)
(tr.
Taw- stock, do. ontheTa«»,(fantoBam8tapleBay)
Wood- stock, Oxford-sh* in a Wood.
To the same may he referred some hamlets, &c. of the name of
Stock, and a great numher of that of Stoke ; as, Stock^Um, &c.

• The Count of Brahe, the great benefactor of Finland.

t In 1614, when the pnmnoeof South Gothland was under the ibJ
minion of the Danes.
^ Hermann of Franconia, a chief of the Sszon or GoiniMI colony,
Ibe reputed founder of the town*

uigiii^ca by Google
 Stow, (Sax.)---a Fhee, a BeridflBoe ; a8>

commonly Bnutol, Glou- > L e. a Br^kt of pleaant pbor. *

. eester-ah* I
Chep. stow, Monmoutlvsh. i. e. the MarkeUtovm.f
El- stow parish, Wilts. of St Helen, (aiierHelen>4<m.)(
Pehx- stowe parish, Suffolk co. of St Felix. \\

J of St Peirock, (for Petiock-

Pad- siom, Cornwall co.
\ stow,) §
• ThfiKO are seTerd paruhea in England so named.

Town; Ton; Tonk; &c. (hm, Sax.)-raa Endomraof

Houses, a Town ; as,

Campbell, town, Argyle^ in honour of the CampAetf&mQy.

Charlea* town, United States. inhonourof Ckarks (ILof Engl.)
Frederick's- town, Copenhagen, built by Frederick V.
Gran- town, Moray -sh. in honour of the Grant family. IT

Philip'- King's CO.

{-^.ti!::^
Piddle- town, or Puddle-^M^n^ on the Piddle, (f. into tha BdU
Dorset-sh. Chan.)
Ac- ton, Middlesex C0i» abounding in oaki, (ac. Sax.)

• " This river (Sevarne) runs to many a noble towne^

Ad Wyster one, and Bristowe of renowne."—
Churchyard's Wcrihines of Walesy Lond. 1587*
This place is the port of all the towns situate on the rivers Wye and
f-
Lug ; the merchants import their own wines from Oporto, as well as
hemp, ftax, pitch, ftc. from Russia, and ships of 700 tons* burthen oome
up to the town.
^ It is so called on account of a nunnery of Benedictines, which former,
ly stood here, dedicated to St Helen aai the Udy Trimly, aad fayiiie*
by a niece of William the Conqueror.
A priory of Bonedictine monks, belonging to the Abbey of Bechetter,
II

stood here in the rei^u of William liut'us.

§ Its church was dedicated to him.
,

f It was begun in 1774 under the patronage of that family.

** The name la derived fvom the qnanlitf of Mlr*tiinb€r eednct i in
p
the perish. The hedge-rows still abound with that tree. ^iMril-Iand.
Bishops, Durham ee«, derives its name from the forest of oaks^ formasiy
in its vicinity, and the second fsom a petee htoKf, wbkh it the mideaee
of the Bishopt of Durham.

Digitized by
Ml ETTHOLMlCAIi GBOGIULPHT.

Alfie^fon^Derby-di* tS Alfred.
Bos- ton^ Linoom-sh. ofSt£o/o//7^,forBotolph'8-<(Ofi0ii.*
Brlghlhelm, (for Bright-
Brigh- ton, Suasex co.

•D s C3 A 1- /on the Brue or J5ry, (f.

^ into
Bra- *m, SomeneUah. • .
| g^j^^^j Channel.)
Bux- tow, Derby-sb. abounding in 5eecAe^,(bocce,Sax,)
Clif- ton, Gioucester-sh. oir a Cliff or hill.
Collump- ton, Devon-sh* on the Culmy (tr. of the Exe.)
Gredi- ton, do. on the Crede, ( do. do.)
T7„ ^ ^ 1
Water, (ea. Sax.) i. e.

Ey- toh, or Ay4on, Berwick-ah. on the Eye, (£ into Germt Oe.)

Fnunp. ton, Dorset-sih* on the Frome, (anc. ¥rome4own,}
HiL fow, Derby-sh. on a Hill (of gypsum.)
Kenning- ton, Surrey co. of Caiiute,^
Kine- ton, Warwick -sh, for the sale kine or C0W8.|[
Kings- tony Surrey co. of the Kings,^
Lin- ton, Peebles- sh. on the Lj/ne, (tr. of the Tweed.)
Mil- ton, (several towns so called.) at the Mill.
Mil- tow,(forMiddle-tow)Kentco. qu. the Middle town. IT
Minchinghamp-toTz^Gloucestersh* of the Minchens.**
Mol- ton, or Moul^ion^ Devon- on the Mtde m Mtmle, (tr. of
sh. the Towridge.)
Northamp- ton, co. to. of do. ah. ontheA^orMsideof thei<i{/^.tf
Otter- Urn, Devon-sh. on the Otter, (f. into Brit. Chan.)
Pre3- ton, Edinburgh-sh. ofthe Priests of Ne wbattle Abbey.
Lanes. do.

A
Saxon, who had a monastery here.
*

^
£a»toh was the original name of yun-eatony Warwick-shire, the
addition JITtiJi being derived from the monastery for Benedictine nnni^
which was founded here in the reign of King Stephen^
4: This king of the English ekpSred here.
It anciently had a famous cote-market,
|j

g Here Atheistane, Edwin^ Ethelred, and other Saxon ktngt^ wen

buried.
From its situation betwixt the Downs and Deptford.
'
y
.
** Its name is supposed to have been derived from its having originally
been the property of the Minchens or Nuns of Caen aud 6ion.
i
ff The modem Nsui a ir. of the Qteat Ouae.

uiyiii^ca by Google
 Si

Ships. Urn <m Stour^Woicesienb* ^

the sale of ikeep** '

Southamp- l(m> Hants. ontheSdiifAwestsideoftheilfillMI.

Stan. Ion, name of severol towns, qu. Stony town. •

Strai. ton, or Stra.^672, name of on the street or -Boman loadj

several towns. (strata via.)
Taun- ton, Somcrset-sh. on the Tone, (tr. of the Parret.)
Tedding- Middlesex co. \
ton,
(({u. Tide- end-town J Tyd- > where the «iiib,t
end-/ow. Sax.) J
Tiver- ton, Devon-sh. with the double ford. J
'

Wil- ton, Wilts. on the IVilli/, (tr. of the Avon.)

Wolverhamp- ton, Sta£rord.8h. of Walfiruna,{c(ar*inUifVolver.)\\
Maids- tone, Kent co., corr. \ on the Medway, (tr. of th#
for Medway'sUoiM. ) Thames.)
A,. u , « ,
(with the AUey, (conr. for
Abing. ^on, Berks, &c.
| Abbey.f07..)§
Pew- 9im parish, York-sh. i. e. with the firemttone.^
God- stone, Surrey co. i. e. abounding in ^ood stone,**

Tby ; &c. {tret Old Br.)—a Village, a Town ; as,

Coven- try, Warwick.sh. attheCon«6it(9(Coventria>Lat)tt

^S^S'^'Sf
STipt^n-sh.
W N^^
J
""'^^

•
''''''''

^"^^^

Oswes- try, Shrop-sh. of Oswald, (anc. 08walds-/rc.)Jt

* This town was formerly noted for being one of the greatest #A«irp.
markets in the kingdom.
•f*
The tide in the Thames does not flow ahove this village. *

X It was anciently called Ttoy-fwrd^ from the two rit^erd, £xe and
Leman, being fordabk here. They are now passed by a bridge.
g She was a Saxon lady, who erected St Peter's church here, abont the
end of the tOth century.
§ The Abbetfi which was founded in 675, was dedicated to St Nicholai,
and continued in great splendour until the dissolution.
% It8 name is deriyed from a Druidical monument ist stone, calied^r#-
(ySni, Fr.) circle.
It was anciently noted for the goodness of its */o;i£?-quarrie8.
•f*)-
It was destroyed by the Daues iu 1016, and rebuilt by Leofric,
King of Alerda.
A king of Northumberland, who waa killed here in a baitle wiik
Pend% King of Merda.

Digitized by
ID STTMOLOiOIUfi «MGBAPHr.

Cummer- free*, (com forCum-l c; * //

'

With a Pw^^, (Camb. Br.) t

dington-A. I

ViiiLt, (Fr. vf/fa, Sp. Ital. Lat)—a Small Cdlection of

Houses, a Village, a Town as, ;

Abbe-m/Ze, Franee. i.e..<^A^o/*jtown,(AbbatiBvilla.)J

Qmrle- r///e, do. founded by Charles.
Loun- tiUe, N. America* in honour of Louit XIV.
Pentoii* viUe, Middleaeic. L e. the town on an €fmnenee*
Philippe. mUe, Belgium^ m honour of FkUip (of Spain.)
Villa Bica, BraasiL x i. e. the Rich or NMe town. §

Well, (Sax.)—-a Spring of Water ; as,

Ash- weUf Herts. amidst J«^trees. IT

Bam- wdl. CambridgMi.

tu^.^'Z
" *'

Bonne- weU, or Bone-2£>e//, I .

«.
j* v
•lMd»<»img «<»««^ ++
»
j" >•
Heroford-sh.
Broad- ae^eiZparish, Worceater-^h. i* e. the Broad or large welL XX

* This quite descriptive of the local situation of the village*

is

«f>
The and church anciently occupied a commanding s^ghi oo
village
tba snmmlt of the hill of that name*
t Thediurchof 8t rti{fn»s aOoihio edifice, is a fineltmiUing*
(I
Chariea de CkHicagae, Xhike of Meven and Mantua.
§ Its actual state forms a striking contrast to its pompmu nam$» The
principal street is about half a league in length ; the others are imgular-
ly built and ill paved.
^ It is supposed to have taken its name from the several springs rising
out of a rock at the south end of the town, and overshadowed by several
ojA-trees.
** It was so named from a fountain^ beside which die
£0f» were yearly
eserased in wrestling on 8t John's Bay.
•f'f This well, near Richard's castle, when disturbed, discbarges tmmtt
^^oneSf resembling the vertebra and other bones of the frog.
tf, It takes its name from a lorpvispifi^ that rises near the

Digitized by Coog[(
 POSTFIXES. 61

Dropping- Knamborough^ supplied by Dro^, (and notfroBi

York-sh. a spring.) •
Holly, well parish^ Hants. L e. the Ho^ or sacred welL t
Holy- well, Flint-sh. do. do. %
lidauwM, Derby-sh. qu. %itha Tide. \\

The small city of Wells, Somerset-sh., derives its name from a

neighbouring tpring, called Andrew's welL" The same enters
into the composition of several Gaelic namcf ; as, Tt^^-mnir or
TipperJBDxar parish, Perth-sh., i. e. the lar^ie well, {tobarmore,) §
To2«r.moiy, Hull» ArgylLih. i* e. the wdl of Mmr^f, {Mwtre^ %

Wic or Wick Wich, ; &e. (Sax.) —the Bend of a River

or of the Sea Coast, a Bay ; a Town upon such ; as,

Aln- wieky Northnmbeiland co. on the AIne, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
•D
Bruns- z.
wick,
*
CT\ \. fArs
cap. of Duchy of do.
^
S honour of JSHmon, (on the
Ocker )
Fen. wich, Ayr-sh. in a Fern or moss, ft
Ha- widty Roxburgh-sli. i. e. the /faMor Hia'on the bend, j:^

Sles- wick, (for Schleys-vi^,) on the Schlep, (an arm of the

Denmark. Baltic.)

* This » the most celebratedpetrifying 9pt%n§ in En^ndt end is so

called from dropping from the ipoDgy rock that overhangs It*
its

t It received ita nane fimn a remarkable mtU, andently supposed oC

great sanctity.
J The parigh-church is dedicated to St Winifred, "whose wonderful well
lies at the bottom of three hilld ; hence the town was called by the Welsh
Tre-fynnon^ i. e. Town of the welL
tl
The name is deriyed from its Minp and Jlowing weU, rsdmned onsi
of the wonders Derbyahire*
§ A plentiful spring adjoins the dmrduyaid*
% From a celebrated spring there.
** It \va8 built in 861 by Snmmend Theodore, sons of Adolphna,
Duke of Saxony.
•ff From ita fenny or wet situation on a tributary of the Irvine.
tt Viz. of the Slitterick, tr. of the Teviot. This hall was the first
'

house ereeted in the town*

Digitized by Google
£2 ETYUOLOOICAL OEOOBAPHY.

the Dirty or plashy towD»

Droit. Ufiek, Woreester-sh. *
(anc Diert>t9teA.)
by. the Green or meadow^
Gr&sn-^ wich, Kent co.
(Grene- vie^ Sax.) t
on the Haeen or bay^ (Haro-^
Har- wickj Essex co.
wic. Sax.) X
Middle- wiek, Chesh. i. e. the wick in the middle. ||

fthe North wic or harbour-

Nor. wick, Norfolk co.
\ town (on the Yare.) §
Sand- irich, Kent co. on the sandy bay. IF
Daiit- zicj (for Dm&^vik) Pmssia. i. e. the Danish port. **
{i. e. the Long town> {Longus
Long, wy, Mogelle^ France.
Vicus.)
»
i. e. the Wick on the Icugk or
Wick* low, CO. town of do. sh.
» ' * * *
water, tt
i. e. the town on the bay,
1Vi<^- ton, CO. town of do. sh.
(Victonia, Lai.) }{
on the Ma^e, (tr. of the Rhine.)
Vils- eck, do. on the Fils, (tr. of the Danube.)
Men- tz, Main..j?9 or Mayeii-€«i on the Maine, (confl. with thcr
'
Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. Rhine.)
Neckar- et^, Baden. on the Neckar, (tr. of the Rhine.)

* From its wet situation and (/tr/y appearance. It stands upon the
Salwarp, a tr. of the Severn.
f From the noble park in its iMnltv^ along the banks of the Thames,
t
$ It stands at the jnnetion of the Stonr and OrweU, which fonn a
laiY^e Asy.
'
II
This place derires its name from being the middlemost of the Wiches^
or salt-towns, in reference to North'Wich^ and Nampt-wich or Nant-wich^
which are nearly equidistant from it in the direction signified by the
respective names.
§ It was so named, in reference to the counties of Norfolk and SuflFollc,
by tlie original inhabitants.
%
The harbour Is evoked up with sand^ so that only smail Ttssels can
*

np the wMRng stream of the Stour.

sail
**
The invasion and conquest made by Waldemar II. of Denmark,
seem to have occasioned the settlement of a Dmu^ colony in that fa-
vourable position.
•••f* It lies at
the month of the Leilrim.
situated near the north side of the Bladenoch-ipo/^^ at its
junction with the Ciee or Bay of Wigton.

Digitized by Google
 POSTFIXES. 63

on the Olonza, (f. into Lake

Olon- etz, Russia.
Ladoga.)
on the SuUchawa, (tr. of the
Sutschaw- itz, Austna.
)^
Siret.)
Illiin-«^^ Siberia. on the lUim, (tr. of the Angara.)
IrkonUsk, do. on the Irkut, (tr. of do.)
Okhot. sk, do. on the OiUoto, (f: into Sea of do.).
Olea- sk^ do.
Jon the Oienek, (f. into the
\ AroticOc.)*
abounding in salt (soli) on
Solikam- sk, do. {the Kama, (tr. of tlie

Wolga.)
I on the 2'obol, (confl. with tlie
Tobol- sk, do.
t Irtysh.)
Tom- do. on the Tom, (tr. of the Obi.)
Turin- do. on the Ttira, (tr. of the Irtysh.)
on the Ural, (f. into the Cas-
Ural- do. ^ pian Sea.) ^

There are several Townships, Sec. of this name in P^ngland ; and

to the same are refciable Wick in Caithnesa-sh., Fujio in Gaiicia,/
Spain^ and f^tco on the Bay of Naples, &c.

WoBTH, (Sax.) —a Farm-Court ; a Country Habitation

a Village or Town ; as» »

Ack- worth, York-sh. amidst oak$, »

Bob- worth,. Leicester-sh. of St Botolph.

Figh- worth, Wilts. on the Height t
Konnea^ worth, Germany. of Nuna, X
Tain- worth, Staiford^h. on the Tame, (tr. of the Trent.)*
'

Wands- tcortk or Wandles- on the Wandle, (tr. of the

irortlu Surrey. Thames.)
Went- worUi York-sh. ou the IVent, (tr. of the Don.)

There are several Townships, &c of this name in England.

* Olentk is the most northern place in the worlds that b«ars the name
of a town.
•f
It is liitiiated on a pleasant hiU near the vale of White-Horse.

X litre was formerly a nunnery t which the iirwenl jiruprietor of ijie

UAkqA of that name hat conrerted into an hotel.

uigiii^ca by Google
64 XTTMOLOOICAL aSOO&APUY.

VL—APPLICABLE TO MOUNTAINS.
BsMi; &G. (Genu.)—a HiU, a Mouatam; as»

Ail- hergy Tyrol. i. e. of Eagles.

Bonners- berg, Prussia. of Thunder.
Pearl- berg, Cape Colony. qu. of Pearls, *
Sieben- ^€^er^, Baden* , i.e. Seven Mountains, t
Spitz- bergen Island. i. e. Rugged mountains. J
Yor.Ail. l^er^, Tyrol. i. e. m front of Ail.^y.

FsLD or FisLD ; Fjslx* ; Fiall ; &c. (Sax.)

Monntain;

^'"nTt^!
^^^'\ of Lanffe, (a lake.)

Sna- /?e/</^ Man.

Isle of of snow*
Qn£^fel, Cro^feU, or GtvN-fM, qu. frequented by eroiM^ (Crow*
Khrkcudfaright^. felL)
dKdXet' f^, Lanarludi. '

in Cuber ploislu
xM^^jw^, .lyuiuuMw-AM.
^ vonim mons.)
Hovmaxn- fdlf Roxburgh-sh. in Hotmam parish.

* It iiket to name ftwscbiiB of large whits ftoncs, keking at a

dittanoe like a sMng ofpearh^ which goea up the aide ef the memitain, end
paiaoi over ita mmiiiit. One of tbem ia called, by way of distinction, the
**FMrl/* on aoooontcfitsaiaep beiiig 400 feet high, and* full mile in
circumference.
f Viz. Wolken^p, ^xromJtsrg^ Lowen4iiy» Mleder-Acfy^ Oel-te^^
Hemmerich, and Drachenfels.
X So called from its sharp-pointed (spfzzig:) rocks.
tt
It ii the loftieit part of the xidge 8e|>arauug Norway from Sweden.

Digitized by Google
 POSTFIXJSS. . . f $S
Dmchen-fels, Prussia. of the dragon, (drache.)
Snae-JiaU, Iceland. i. e. &nawy mountain, t ^

H0BN9 (Grerm.) —a Mountain-Feak ; as,

Finster- aar. hom, Switzerland. L e. Dark peak of the Aoik.

J ung- frail- hdm, do. i. e. of the Youngfrau or maiden.
Shreck- horii, do. of Terror.
'

Wetter- horn^ do. of Stomis.

Law4 ^Bx*) —a Detached Hill or Mount, generally

of a Conical Shape ; at^,

N. Berwick. /a2£?^Haddington-8h. near N, Berwick, orin that parish.

Broad- law, Peebles-sh. i. e. the Broad mount.

Dundee- law, Forfar-sh. near Dundee, or in tha^ parish.

Dunse- law, Berwick-sh. near Dunee, or do. do.
Largo- law, Fife^. near hargo, or do. do.
Misty, law, A3rr-8h. qu. covered with mUu
Sid- UiWt or Sud./aie'.Hiils. i. e. the South hills.
||

Broomie-Aiip, which now forms part of Glasgow, was formerly

covered with Irwm.
QtmxJaw, co. town of Berwick..8h.> formerly stood on the ItW,
of that name.

* There it a legend of a dragm^ that has given name to the mountain,

and whose cavern is shown in its side.
i* Its stiinmits are covered with perpetualmow, (schnee.)
X Perh^ the name Law was given to such AiOt from the that ptm
once issued fVom their tops. The Swedes call flame /oa, andthe Danes
lue^ which resembles in sound our Scotch word hw^ a flame. In support
of this conjecture, there are in the possesstion of JVIr James Calderirmxl.
Durham, of Largo, several proclamation}* from the Privy Council of 8c(rt-
land, ordering Jircs to be kindled, on Largo./ait', and that of North Uer-
wick, as signals for tlie appearance of any ship.H of the enemy. According
to somot the name has originated from the law» having been administered
upon saoh aniaefMif st a vtrf early period.
II Thejr form dio SwdSmm boondary of Strathmore in Perth-shire.

f2

uigiii^ca by Google
66 srtmatMicxi, axooBAPHT.

VH^APPUCABLE TO VALLEYS.
Dalib ; &c (dahly Sax. /aA/, L. S.) —a Meadow or Valley,
generally deriving its name from some Biver flowing
thioligli it ; as,

""'"^^"""^
Aiman. dale, Dvm6m^ mnhT'''
{
Arun- del, Sussex co. of the Arun, (f. into Engl. Chan.)

Botes, dale, Suffolk co.

{
V,, , 7 » J /of the C/vflfe, (£ into Firth nf
Clydes- dale, do.
Clyde.) -j^

Ck)quet.d<iife,N<Nrtliumbeilandco. of the Coquet, (f. into Genn. Oc)

Dove- dide, Derby-sh. of the Dwe, (tr. of l^e Trent.)

Esk- (/a/^j Dunifrics-sh. &c. of the (f. into Solway Firth.)

Ken- dal {e), Westmoreland co. of the Ken, (f into Irish Sea.)

Lrader. dah,

T
Lons- J ; Tir
Berwick^

daU, Roxburgh.*.

J
Westmoreland
i. 1
co.
{

{^^^J:,™
\
<
'th^'^Twe'edO^^^'

of the Loyne,Loune,i3frLu9t0,
^
• ^ t •
i. o \
t (t. mto Irish Sea.)
Niths. daie, Dumfiries-Bh. oftheiVt^Xf-iiKtoSoi'vmyFiith.)
Boch- dale. Lanes. of the Exh^, (tr. of the Irweil.)
"By- dak, York-ah. of the R^e, (tr. of the Derwent.)
Swife. </a20!, do. of tbe S«o/e, (tr. of the Uie.)
Teviot- dale, Roxburgh-sh. of the Teviot, (tr. of the Tweed.)
Tweed- dale, Peebles-sh. of the Tweed, (f. into Germ. Oc.)
Maury- thai, Baden. of the Maury (tr. of the Neckar.)
Rhein- wold, Switzerland. of \hQ Rhine, (f. intoGerm. Oc.)
VaU' duse^ France. i. e. the Cl/Hte or narrow valley.*

* In this winding valley U situated the celebrated fountain of Vauduio,

pcfhapt the finest spriDg in Europe.

Digitized by Google
Holms- dale, ca Surrey and Kent^ so called &om the number of
holm-oaks with which it abounds.
Knap- dale, or Cnapa-e/o/e, Argyle-sh. so called from the ine^aalitj
of its sui^e^ fiigDifying hill (cnap, Gael.) and dak.

It ii&eqiie&dy iindasa Pjpefix; as,

Dale^ cailia, Sweden. i. e. the land of the valleys,

DaL gamodkj Dumfides^ abounding in underwood,

{the confined dale, (Dai.^eaefii^
Do/, keith, Mid-Lothian co.
Gael.)*
DaU las parish* Horay-sh. i. e. watered dale or valley.t

IM- nteaidoeby Perih-flh. of the SmM'8 i^op or ironwoilu^

Da/- ry, Ayr-sh. of the Kinp, (ri, Gael.)
on which tJie kin^was slain,\\
DaLrymjie, do.
(^Dal-ry-imle, Gad.)
{
{the white dale, ^DaL^heal,
JDftl- nel, Lanaxk^.
Gael.) §
Da^> Teen paas^ Dumfiries-Bh. i.e. the hilfydsle, (see pr. Ben.)

VIIL—APPLICABLE TO CAPES.
Ne88, &c. (neae^ Sax. name, Lat) —a Head-laad^ a Pro-
montory; as.

i. e. the Brooke (altj of the

AU net^ paridi^ Soes-db.
{ head-land.

• Vht, by the waters ©f the South and North Esk.

f The pariffh is almost equally divided from 8. W. to £. ^ the Lossfo,
and intersected by several rivulets falling into it.
X The holes, in which the iron ore was melted^ are stiU to be ««ea aloof
the side of the hilK
J It ift supposed that ^oiliis, a king of the BritoiM| wat rfala ia bank

I Fnm dio eearf on the raffiwi of tlio day<4oi]|

old parish church stood near the Clyde.
mhm ^

uigiii^ca by Google
68 ETYMOLOGICAL QEOGBAPHT.

Black- ness, Linlithgow-sh. the Black or Dark promontory**

Buchan- ness, Aberdeen-sh. of Buchan (district.) t
Caith- iMMco.CCathaiiesiay Lai.) of the Catini or CaUi. %
Fife, nm, Fi£i-^ of Fife (county.)
Foul- ne88, Essex co. abounding in nea^inDU.
Saturn- nest, Kirkcudhdght-ih. oonr. .6r iSoulAerfi. ness.
Strom. Orkney. runningintothe^YromorcttfTvn^.
TarbeUneto^ Boss-sh. of 7\ii^ (parish.)

Ard.tur. nis, do. i. e. HighUower point

To the same are referable the ' iVaj?^/ in Norway^ and JVost.
head, in Caithness^^sh*

KosE ; Ross ; (Gael, ros or ross^) —a Promontory or

Peniiisala ; as, «

Fort-rosc>(anc.Fort-ross)Ross-sh. the FortjfxsL the peninsula.

Mel- rose, (for Mul-rose) Eox- the Bare or nai;^ (rnu/e) pro-
burgh-sh. montory. |

Moat, rose, Angus^h.

{%^^T^ ^"^^ .

-i-i 1
Cul- fw#,' Fife-sh.
-ciT u
<
J the Corner (cuil) of the pe-
/• 17 r X
nmsula, (1. e. ofr Fife.)
• 1
^
(
^^'''^ of the promontorj-.
Kin. rou, oo. town «f do. {
I ^806 pr. y

r
* Upon it itandt the Fery andent Castle of Bladbi«#t, which was the
principal state-priaoa in Scotland during the reign of James VI.
-f-
One of the four districts into which Aberdeen-ihire is divided.
X The tribe that formerly inhabited the modem counties of Sutherland
and Caithness ; the former of which takes its name from its smUhtrik po-
sition in reference to the latter.
It is the name of a place near the middle of the island of Gigha,
11

where there is a rising ground, opposite to which there is a Ness that

•luns about a mile into the sea. \ *
. . ' '
.

§ Jftiir of Cantire»i.e.Ua<dCeanntir» (terns Lat)--!^

ithelaad*.
% To thisday it is called by the Tulgar MwMron. ^
** It lin oa a ketd^Umi raiisiAg into.the.jMre^ lide.^oC. JUoch Lerea*

uigiii^ca by Google
 F08TFXU3. 09

Rose^ nesJih, Oumbarton-sb. promontory of the Firkin, •

f promontory over a deep pool
JRO0. Kn^ Hid Iiotihiaii ca.
(linne) of the North £sk.
\
Ross- Keen parish, Ross-sh* i. e. the/if acftwi of thoyeBinaiiku
Roxm bmgb for RoBs-burglu the Casik on a promoBtoty.
To this is referable the county of Moss,

IX.—APPLICABLE TO ISLANDS.
Ea ; £t ; At ; &c. (ea. :.)—an Isle or Idand ; as,

Angles- off Camaryaa-4h» of the Angles, or English, t

f of St Pa/nc, (fonneriy Fa-
Baten. ea, Surrey eo.
\ tric's-ea.)
Atbeiiu<iy, SomeraoU«tL Ql Noblest
Jers- ey, (anc Gerz-ey, corr. 1
Ibr Canar-ca) off ^oe-v ofCoenar.
wtmij* J
OAsuey, Gennaa Ocean. of Sealt or WhaloB, (oren.)
*

Baai-i^^ Hehndei. of Roes, (raa.)

Banii. ey, Hunts, Emqk oa, A». qu. Ram*9 lAe. |]

Shepp. ey, Kent co. of Sheep, (Sceap-ea, Sax.) $

Tir- ey, or Tir-ec, Hebrides. of -Bi^//jf,(tiur,Gael. taurus, Lat.)
{of Eels or Willows, (el ; and
VLy, Oambridge^ helys. Sax.) IT
Anguill-'a, West Indies. i. e. Snakes Island***

* it ii a «limipti(iii Ar Jim mm qiifai, toppotti ftM a

itQoAtkare.
t Tho name given toilbf tl» JB^i#iM*t viwMk
the reign of Bdward 1.
X It is formed by the Tone and Parrel* Hithte Eing AUked fied wkca
the Danes oyer-ran JEngland.
H The N. £. parts of Hunts abound in fens ; and the island of this
name in Essex lies in Aialdeo-water. There it another of this aaaae off
VMaoho^fib
g It issitaaiedatllwaMntlM«f iha Tksmm aai edway, aniema. M
laied from the mainhuid by an arm cf the«ia» calMtht««al% It Ibr-
merly aboaadMlin numhav af aiiny .
% It Is surrounded by inar«hes, which abonad ia Mir t and itiWufS are
tha chief trees to be met with in the dintrict.
** It derivoi ia j^bo itamk it^UMmmt thtif, toggevtiiig a mblance me
to a snake.

Digitized by Google
 I

70 XTTMOLMIOAt'^lfeRAPflT.

Cabrer- a, off Balearic Islands, i. e. Goats' Island. •

Conejer- a, do. i. e. Rabbits' or Conies' do.
Dragoner- a, do. i. e. Dragons' do.
Formos- a, Gulf of Guinea. i. e. Beautiful do. t
Fromenter- a, orFonnonter-«, \ •
u j- r»^^« +
off S. E. of Spain. / ''^'^^i * ,

Aib- a Craig, (a corr. for Hel**!

^ j^^c^
leB*a) off Ayr-ah. J
Barr- Hebrides. of St fiorr.
Colons- or Crolons-ay> do. of St Cohn or Cdumba.
Gi- a> or (j\^Jia, do. qu. G<m/'« Island^ (Dia-e^.) ||

Ors- a, or Eors-a, do. '

of Horses, §
Sand- a, do. i. e. Sandi^ Isle.

So- a, do. ^ of Sows.

Staff- a, do. of -^Vo^if, i. e. Pillars, (staf.) IT
Swin- a, or Swan-gy, Orkneys, of Swine.
Ulv- a, Hebrides. of WclneB,
fin the Strom or cuireni (of
Strom-

Cumbr-
o-ri -^u
a, off Caithness-sh.

of the
.
| ^C»mMans.
Pentland.)
'"^

ay> off Ayr-sh.

Eglis-Aay^orEagles-^ay^Orkneys. viCh the CkurdL ft
Ronald's, hay, do. of Bmald or i2a^inMMiU.> ^ j:
Rous- ay, do. oi Rolf ov RoUo.
Shapins- hay, do. of Sheep,
Whals- atf, do. . of Whales,

.
* ItUiDliebitedbf lomilicpliterds, wboeeweeltkosn^^
4* Tlie Eaxvpemst who first Tisited it, bestowed upmi it thit name,'
wliich the delightful aspect of-Ihe country suggested to them.
X It is beliered that it was so called in modem times fffom the great
quantity of ^TOifi (fieemiiiti Fr.) which it produces in proportion to its
surface. The Norwegian name is Gud-^y.
||

§ Some are of Scandinavian origin, and have corresponding Gaelic, ax,

£ilan-an-each, (equus, Lat.) i. e. Island of horses ; muck (muc),of Swine.
^ This island is remarkable for its columnar stone formation, taking its
name firem the resemhlence of these te Mmm»
or sUnes.
** They onoe ooeapied this district.
.

*H* In the West part of the island there is a smsll Oothie ChuFOh*
dedicated to St MegWM, the tutelar Saint of Orkney.
XX He was set over the Orkney Islands by Harold, King of Norway.
'

^ nil lie successfully

in vad^ X^ocmaody^ and .was great gcaad£»ther to
Willism the Conqueror. ... «'s

Uiyiii^ca by Google
 n
Far- cie, or Foer-fie Islands,!
a group between Iceland > Scandin.)
*
of Sheep,, (fiaix,
and Shetland. J
Mager. ik. Norway.
{ J^^^lJ.j t*^'
Keen- o**, do. •
of Rein-deen. J
Troms- oe, do. in the iS^m or euirent. ||

HoLu, (Sax.) — generally an Island in a River, 9r Inland

Sea ; also, Low laud lying along a River ; as,

Alder- /wlm, Sweden. alwunding in alders, §

Ax- /wim, Lincoln-sh. do. oaks, IF
Glen- hoim parish^. Peebles-sh. i. the Gien with holms.-**
e.
La- kolnip Sweden. (at the mouth of) the La^.
( formed by Stocks (stoke) or
Stock* holm, cap. of Sweden.
(
po$ti.rf

To this are referable several islets called ^ Holms^' in the Ork.

neys, &c.

• They were discovered during the 9th century by the Norweppans,

who formed a 'settlement here, and gave them this namey because those
animals were found in sole possession of the island.
•f '*No part of the north certainly conveys to the traveller
so perfect
an idea of desolation as this island. The name is highly appropriate, at
it fs dettitate of every tliiiig but rocks*** —
Sir XrHbur de Capett Brodke,
X They are firond heffe in great mmibers.
I)
It is divided from the mainland by a narrow strait, through which,
the sea rushes, causing a very lAolent ettrreni,
§ It is formed, hy the three arms of a river. Hen a considerable trade
is carried on in })lank8 and deals.
^ It is formed by the Trent, Dun, Idle, and other streams. The dead
roots of trees have often been found here, and one of its villages is called
Hfffst. (8ee pr. Hurst)
** The principal part is a glen^ through which a small river tows,
having some flat grounds akMig the river side.
•f-f-
It stands upon seven rocky isleta^ at the Jnhction of the strssms*
of Lake Maeler^and ihe Baltic, and is buiit open jn/irt.

Digitized by
71 STTMOIMieAIi OOOftAnT.

X._MISC£LLAN£OU&
Mom ; (Anc. More), muir, &c. (mar or moor. Sax.)—
;

Heatbj Ground ; as.

Black, more, DontUah* i. e. the Black heath.*

£1- more jmah, Gloucester^ aboundiuff in EeU.f

Eau moor, or ^•niars, Dorcn- watered by the Exe, (£ into
sb. Engl. Ghaiu):t

Lammer- moor, Haddington-sh. that reaches foM^^ea, {d la mer.)§

Twtedt. muir, PeeUe»h.

{ c'e^.^oJo
West, more-land co. England, i. e. the Western heathy land,V

MoBE, &c. ; (twor, Gael.) — Great, Big, Noble; as,

Ben- more, Pertfa-sh. the great mountain.
Coille. Inveniess-sh. the great wood.**
Gloiu more, Inyemess^sh. the great jfen.

* It it sometiiiiei celled WhUe Hart Fornix from the §K9o0nto^tlkU$

tOo§ ef HcBry I** which wm
accidentally killed by one T. de la IiyndCi
For this injury a heavy impost was laid upoa hit estate, which to this day
is charged with an unusual fine to the treasury, called White^Hart'wXT^t*

•f*
The moort in this parish abound with inua which tho lUOllo is
supposed to have been derived.
X It includes about 100,000 acres, abounding in mines. The inhabi-
tants are called Moor-men^ and are reckoned the viost i^^norant and rustic
people in the west of Bnglaad.
II
The name probably arooe from the nmalMr of tiMse hivdc (Irttes),
wlSch ftM|iMntod the parish in its herxcn states and are ycC not oafro.
quent in the neighbourhood.
§ In the Roman province, that extended betwixt the walls of Hadrian
and Sevenis, there are scarcely found any moor-ish hills extending to the
German Ocean^ except the Lammermoors, They begin at Coldingham in
the Merse, and Dunglass in East Ijothian, (both which places stand close
upon the sea,) and run westward with a broad surface from 30 to 40 miles,
and at length terminate at Soutra-hill«
J Mofdoini was an ancient district of England, in the W* of Yoik«ah.
** It is in the parish of Laggan, and fonao tho lewsini of an andent
fomi. ,

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 mWTFIZCS. 73

Ken- more, Perth^. . the ^n^Xkectd, see p. 27*

Kil- wior parish, Argyle-sh. *
the large hunjing-place,
Lis- more^ Argyle-sh. the great yarden, {lios, Gael.) t

Stan j (sthan, Pers.) —a Region or Countiy ; asjj.

Afglmni- iifon, Asia. of the A fghans.

Beloochi- stan, division of) «
All,
Atghanistan. |
> of the Beloocnes,
, ,

Daghi-^^aw, in Government of I * . . /j
Caucasus!
(*%^-)
f
H indoo.^/a;}, orlndo-^/an^ Asia, of the Hindoos or Indians.
Koordi- or Curdi-aldn^ ^ r r» r.

Turkey in Ada. /
Pali. Stan, corr. into Pale-«Man>- i. e. Shepherd^lmdi, or country
or Pale-Jlkne, Asia. oS Shepkerds^t

MVald ; WsALD, &c. {walda^ and ti;eaft, Sax.) —a Woody

District, a Forest ; as,

Bomer- v>ald, Bohemia. i. e. the Bohemian forest.

Les- wait parish, Wigton-sh. i. e. ihQ pasture in the wood.

Mous- wold parish^ Dumfiies*Bh. i. e. the wood at the 9»om-|1

Schwarz- wald, Germany. i. e. the Black forest.

Torthor- wedd parish, do. the Tower of Thor in the vwod. §

ur If I?
^Tu/^. ham, Essex CO.
1 I i. e. the Hamlet in the wood>
^
(WeaW-ham, Sax.)
To this we refer the *
Wealds,' in the counties of Kent, SuiTey, &c.

* The hurying gnmnd sroimd ihe Chordi was tanasatlj of greater

extent than any other in this part of the oountry.
f An island se called from its fertiliiy.
It is extremely probable that the warlike ration of the Philistines^
that so frequently disputed with the Israelites the possession of the Syrian
border, were the progeny of the royal Aerrf«-men, who so long subjected to
their Uirall the rich territory of Lower and iVliddle Egypt. The goddess
of Shepherds among the Latins was sometimes called Paies.
SBeeanie this distriet was neareat to the great aioM, called LocharHiiots.
Here are the mint of the aadent eaetle of Torthorwald, which is
supposed to have existed nDoe the 18th century. Tkor was the Japiter
of the Saxon deities ; heiiee Thuray^asf^ i. e. the day set apart' to the wor.
ship of Thor ; and Thurso^ Caithness, or more properly TAof*-aa, is de-
rived from the cognominal river^ which was called in honour of tbis|rfisai
deity, from being the prineipal one in the neighbourhood.
O

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 APPENDIX.
Counties of England, taking their names the
CooBlyTows.

Counties. Towns.
Bedford-sh. or Beds. Bedford,
Buckingham. do.
Cambridge. do.
Cheshire. Chester.
Derby. do.
Dorset. Dorchester,
Durham. do.
Gbueepler. do.
Herefinrd. do.
Hortfiird. do.
Huntingdon. do.
Lancashire^ or Lanes. Lancaster,
Leicester. do.
Lincoln. do.
Monmouth. do.
Northampton. do.
Nottingham, or Notts. do.
Oxford. do«
Shropshire. Shrewsbury.
Somerset. Somerton, (formerly the
^
cq, to.)
StaffinnL do.
Warwick. do.
Wiltshire, or, Wilts. Wilton, (fonnerly the CO. town.)
Worcester. do.
Yoik. do.

Counties of Wales, taking their names from the

County Town.-
Brecknock. Brecknock.
CWigan. do.
Cannarthen. do.

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 AFrsKOu:. 75

Carnarvon* CaBaamm*
Denbi^ do. . .

Flint do. .1

Montgomery. . do..
Pemlvake*
Radnor. .do»

CountieB of Scotland, taking their names from the

County Town.
Alierdeen. ^ Abeideen.
Ayr. • do.
Banff. do.
^

Berwick. do.
Clackmannan. do,
Cromarty. do.
Dumbartonj •
do. .

Dumfries.
Edinburgh. do.
Elgin. do.
Forfar. • do. •

Haddington.
Inremess. do*
Kincardine. do.
Kin«MW. do.
Kirkcudbright do.
Lanark. do.
Linlithgow, do.
Nairn. do.
Peebles. do.
Perth. do.
Renfrew. do.
Roxburgh. do. (formerly the co. town.)
Selkirk. do.
Wigton. do.

Counties of England, deriving their names from

'

other circum8tanc^8.
*

Berk-sh. or Berks, aboimdhig in icood, (beroc, Sax.)* ^ ,

* Tlito Mitm part ui chiefly occupied by WMtw Far^ which being

a circuit of 66 milM, wai originally fonncd for the eserdae of tiic duite,
by our andent florereignt.

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76 MMKmix.

Cornwall. i.e* Ae Ham of the Walli, orGauls, ot Wdah.

CumberlancL i. e. the land of th^ Cumbri.
Devon. Damnonii.
Essex. East Saxons.
Harap-ah or Hants, watered by the Anton, (Hante-scue, Sax.)
Kent. See p. 27.
Middlesex. i. e. Middle Saxons.*

Norfolk. e. Northfolk or people, (relatively to Suffolk.)

1-

NorthumbeilaiuL See p. 2.
, , , ^
Rutland. i. e. the Red land, (rudu, Sax.)t
Suflblk. i. e. Southfolk orpeople, (relatively to Norfolk.)
Surrey. South (w*) of the river (r»a) viz. Thames.
Sussex. 5. e- South Saxons, according to Camden.
Westmoreland. See p. 72.

Counties of Wales, deriving thdr names from other

circumstances.

Anglesea. See p. 69»

^ , x
Glamorgan. i. e. the co. of Morpfli, (Gwlad Morgan.)
Merioneth.

Counties of Scotland, deriving their names from other

circumstances.

Argylljah. the Land of the strangers. 1 .

Bute. ? ?

Caithneas. See p. 68.

Fife. See p. 27.
Orkney. See p. 69.
Kofls. See p.
69*
Sutherland. Seep. 68.
Shetland, or Zet- i. e. Het-land, the high or lofty land, (accord-
land, ing to Norwegian writers.)
*
— —
• I^Iiddlesex received its name from having been inhabited by a party
of Saxons, who, being situated in the midst of the three petty kingdoniA
of the jEofl, West^ and Simih Sa*an$^ called themtelvea, or were caDed,
by their netghbours, MkUUe Somom^ wiuch in oommon oonversatton was
•bbieviated into Middles^*
It is supposed to have received its name from the red colour of
the
f
'soil, being in many parts a sort of nuldle used in staining the fleeces of
*
the sheep.

FINIS.

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