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CPCCBC4006B

Technical Report Template

Student Name: Mohammad Saiful Islam

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Contents

Glass Standards………………………………………………………………………….03

Glass Types ………………………………………………………………………05

Different type of framing
materials……………………………………………………………07
Energy Efficiency……………………………………………………………08
Benefits of double glazing, thermally broken, e-
glazing…………………………………………………..10
Installing and sealing off of windows in
walls………………………………………………………………………..11
Practicality of different styles of windows………11
Approximate Cost…………………………………12

Store windows on sites

…………………………………………………………………………………..12

Environmental concerns of using glass

…………………………………………………………………………………..13

1.
Glass Standards

Select procure and store construction materials CPCCBC4006B Report Template 2016 © TAFESA
The following is a summary of the AS1288-2006, January 2006 Glazing code that you need to be
aware of in regard to glass (please refer to the Australian Standards - AS1288-2006 for the full code)
with forms part of the Building Code of Australia.

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Select procure and store construction materials CPCCBC4006B Report Template 2016 © TAFESA
2.
Glass Types
 Annealed or Float Glass
Annealed glass is the basic flat glass product that is the first result of the float process. It is the
common glass that tends to break into large, jagged shards. It is used in some end products -- often
in double-glazed windows, for example. It is also the starting material that is turned into more
advanced products through further processing such as laminating, toughening, coating, etc.
The float glass process is renowned for flatness and optical clarity. It is available in clear, toned, high
performance toned, ultra clear low iron glass and Low E pyrolitic coated.
Insulating Glass or Double Glazing
Two or more panels of glass are bonded to a perimeter spacer, either a metal or thermoplastic
spacer, (TPS). Either air or argon gas fills the space between the glass panes. Their primary benefit is
insulation and solar control. Most types of glass can be incorporated into an insulating glass unit.

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  Toughened Glass
Toughened glass is treated to be far more resistant to breakage than simple annealed glass, and to
break in a more predictable way when it does break, thus providing a major safety advantage in
almost all of its applications.
Toughened glass is made from annealed glass treated with a thermal tempering process. A sheet of
annealed glass is heated to above its "annealing point" of 600 °C; its surfaces are then rapidly cooled
while the inner portion of the glass remains hotter. The different cooling rates between the surface
and the inside of the glass produces different physical properties, resulting in compressive stresses in
the surface balanced by tensile stresses in the body of the glass.
These counteracting stresses give toughened glass its increased mechanical resistance to breakage,
and are also, when it does break, what cause it to produce regular, small, typically square fragments
rather than long, dangerous shards that are far more likely to lead to injuries. Toughened glass also
has an increased resistance to breakage as a result of stresses caused by different temperatures
within a pane.
Toughened glass has extremely broad application. Glass portions of building façades, glass sliding
doors and partitions in houses and offices, and many other products typically use toughened glass.
Products made from toughened glass often also incorporate other technologies.

 Laminated Glass
Laminated glass is made of two or more layers of glass with one or more "interlayers" of polymeric
material bonded between the glass layers.
Laminated glass is produced using one of two methods:
1. Poly Vinyl Butyral (PVB) laminated glass is produced using heat and pressure to sandwich a
thin layer of PVB between layers of glass. On occasion, other polymers such as Ethyl Vinyl
Acetate (EVA) or Polyurethane (PU) are used. This is the most common method.
2. For special applications, Cast in Place (CIP) laminated glass is made by pouring a resin into
the space between two sheets of glass that are held parallel and very close to each other.
Laminated glass offers many advantages. Safety and security are the best-known of these -- rather
than shattering on impact, laminated glass is held together by the interlayer, reducing the safety
hazard associated with shattered glass fragments, as well as, to some degree, the security risks
associated with easy penetration. But the interlayer also provides a way to apply several other
technologies and benefits, such as colouring, sound dampening, resistance to fire, ultraviolet filtering,
and other technologies that can be embedded in or with the interlayer.
Laminated glass is used extensively in building and housing products and in the automotive and
transport industries. Most building façades and most car windscreens, for example, are made with
laminated glass, usually with other technologies also incorporated.

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  Coated Glass
Surface coatings can be applied to glass to modify its appearance and give it many of the advanced
characteristics and functions available in today's flat glass products, such as low maintenance, special
reflection/transmission/absorption properties, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.
Coatings are usually applied by controlled exposure of the glass surface to vapours, which bind to the
glass forming a permanent coating. The coating process can be applied while the glass is still in the
float line with the glass still warm, producing what is known as "hard-coated" glass.
Alternatively, in the "off-line" or "vacuum" coating process, the vapour is applied to the cold glass
surface in a vacuum vessel.
Coated glasses can be toughened, laminated or incorporated into an insulating glass unit.

3.
Different type of framing materials
Glass and frame: a critical marriage. Glass is the only building material that not only insulates us from
temperature extremes; it can also ... Vantage Residential fabricators can advise you regarding the
ideal glass for your project. ... than annealed glass; Various forms of glass including performance
glass can be toughened.

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4.

Energy Efficiency

Energy-efficient windows provide space heating and lighting to this sunny kitchen. Windows provide
our homes with light, warmth, and ventilation, but they can also negatively impact a home's energy
efficiency. You can reduce energy costs by installing energy-efficient windows in your home. If your
budget is tight, energy efficiency improvements to existing windows can also help.

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Existing Windows

You can improve the energy efficiency of existing windows by adding storm windows, caulking and
weather-stripping, and using window treatments or coverings.
Adding storm windows can reduce air leakage and improve comfort. Caulking and weather-stripping
can reduce air leakage around windows. Use caulk for stationary cracks, gaps, or joints less than
one-quarter-inch wide, and weather-stripping for building components that move, such as doors and
operable windows. Window treatments or coverings can reduce heat loss in the winter and heat gain
in the summer. Most window treatments, however, aren't effective at reducing air leakage or
infiltration.

Cold Weather Window Tips

 Use a heavy-duty, clear plastic sheet on a frame or tape clear plastic film to the inside of your
window frames to reduce drafts.
 Install tight-fitting, insulating window shades on windows that feel drafty after weatherizing.

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  Close your curtains and shades at night to protect against cold drafts; open them during the
day to let in warming sunlight.
 Install exterior or interior storm windows, which can reduce heat loss through the windows by
approximately 10%-20%, depending on the type of window already installed in the home.
They should have weather-stripping at all movable joints; be made of strong, durable
materials; and have interlocking or overlapping joints.
 Repair and weatherize your current storm windows, if necessary.

Warm Weather Window Tips

 Install white window shades, drapes, or blinds to reflect heat away from the house.
 Close curtains on south- and west-facing windows during the day.
 Install awnings on south- and west-facing windows.
 Apply sun-control or other reflective films on south-facing windows to reduce solar heat gain.

5.
Benefits of double glazing, thermally broken, e-
glazing
Double glazed windows are an ideal energy efficient choice with the added benefit of minimising
noise. The sealed air gap between the two panes acts as an added layer of insulation. This added
thermal resistance reduces the amount of heat escaping in winter and keeps your home at a more
comfortable temperature.

Thermally broken aluminium window systems deliver many advantages, most importantly improved
thermal performance. The advantages of aluminium are maintained – such as strength, durability and
stability – yet the drawback of thermal conductivity is overcome.

Installing windows containing Low-e glass in energy-efficient double or triple glazed units provides
you with many benefits: ... Reduces the amount of energy you use. Saves you money on your heating
bills. More effective than single glazing or standard double glazing.

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6.
installing and sealing off of windows in walls
Windows should be stored in a clean, dry area away from cement, lime, paint,
acid etc. and must be protected from building materials and loose debris such
as wet plaster, mortar, paint and welding splatter.
•
Store in a dry location, under cover where possible, to protect against
damage
•
Carry windows in the vertical position with sashes locked
•
Do not rack frames out of square
•
Prevent exposure to moisture particularly pooling and ponding
Do not remove any bands (if fitted) from double hung windows until
after installation
Do not remove corner bracing (if fitted) until after installation.

7.
practicality of different styles of windows

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7.
Approximate Cost
It depends what type of glass you need. Expect to pay from:

 $38 per square metre for float glass

 $145 per square metre for low iron glass
 $220 per square metre for low emission glass
 $200 per square metre for double-glazed glass
 $320 per square metre for laminated glass

If it is not an emergency, a number of factors can influence the cost of a window repair:

 The size of the pane of glass is the most obvious cost determinant, but is actually the least
important. Always replace glass with safety glass that at a minimum complies with Australian
Standards for window glass. Laminated or toughened glass will minimise the danger of having
a major accident in the future.
 It is more expensive to have glass replaced on older timber framed windows than aluminium
windows because more work is involved. The old putty and glazier's points have to be
removed first and then replaced with the new glass.
 When glaziers replace glass on old sash or double hung timber framed windows, they often
find other problems that need to be addressed. One of the most common problems is rotting
timber. In some cases, the window can be repaired on site, but in other instances, they may
need to take it away and repair it in their workshop or replace the entire window.
 If a window is sticking in its frame, it could be for a number of reasons. In a best case
scenario, it will be a minor problem that can be fixed easily. In a worst case scenario, the
window and frame will need to be removed and replaced.

8.
Store windows on sites
The following is a list of recommended practices for the storage of glass on sites:
• Glass deliveries should be coordinated to minimize on-site storage durations. Subcontractors
should work with the general contractor or builder to select on-site under roof storage locations that
avoid direct rain and water runoff, work areas of other trades, areas of high traffic, and to minimize
material movement and handling.

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• Individual sheets or cases of glass and pre-glazed materials should be se-cured, blocked, and
braced to prevent falls.

• Blocks or supports should ensure that the bottom edge of materials will be kept well above potential
sources of water.

• Storage of glass against walls should be avoided unless it can be deter-mined that the wall is
suitably sound for the task, eg single sheets of glass that still can be suitably secured.

• Storage area should provide secure, temporary covering that prevents direct water flow but ensures
ventilation and stops condensation build-up on the glass.

• Ensure that stored materials are not exposed to activities of other trades such as welding, painting
and insulation.

9.
Environmental concerns of using glass
The environmental impact of glass is, however, more translucent than completely clear. ... A couple
more such furnaces and ovens round out the process, before the glass is cooled. All this heat
requires phenomenal energy consumption and resulting greenhouse gas emissions

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