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What is Teletext?
What is Teletext?
252
VERTICAL SYNC SEQUENCE
(beginning of field 2)
ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎ ÎÎ 45 bytes (360 bits) 625 line
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎ ÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
37 bytes (296 bits) 525 line
What is Teletext?
ROW
M R DATA
40 CHARACTERS
ROW ADDRESS
DATA
5 BITS
MAGAZINE ADDRESS
3 BITS
DISPLAY
M T R DATA
ROW
32 CHARACTERS
D
ROW ADDRESS DATA A
5 BITS T
A
TABULATION 0 = FIRST 32
BIT CHARACTERS
What is Teletext?
OR
SATELLITE
WORKSTATION UPLINK
MAC, PC, OR UNIX
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
OR
UHF/VHF
OR
MICROWAVE
SERVER
OR
CABLE TV
NETWORK (ETHERNET, ETC.)
HEADEND
DATA LINK
TELETEXT
INSERTER
SET-TOP TELETEXT
TELETEXT DECODER
DECODER ADD-ON CARD
INSERTER
WORKSTATION
BROADCASTER
PICTURE SIGNAL
What is Teletext?
TELETEXT
SERVER SERVER
INSERTER TELETEXT
DECODER
ADD-IN CARD
MONITOR
VIDEO
CAMERA
PRINTER
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
What is Teletext?
DISPLAYED PAGE
BASIC
PAGE
DATA
(ROWS 0 – 23)
HOST
MEMORY
OR
STORAGE
EXTENSION
PROCESSING
PACKETS
What is Teletext?
HOW DOES A DECODER offer a simple serial interface for data to the user. This is the preferred method
FUNCTION? communicating with the televisions used for teletext interacting with a personal
microcontroller. Although the actual data computer. Because the host computer
There are two basic architectures to a WST
usually can be removed via this interface, it is already has memory, disk, networking, and
decoder. The first is for standalone
generally not recommend for performance advanced display functions, there is no need
applications, as in a television set or a
reasons. to have these function duplicated in the
set–top decoder (Figure 5). These units are
Teletext receiver. (See Figure 6.)
self contained and usually offer limited
capabilities for extension packet handling. The second method for receiving Teletext
Generally the decoder is made up of a video data is to use a acquisition only decoder. This Typically a decoder used in this method
input processor (VIP), the Teletext processor, type of decoder relies on a host supports all of the packets described under
some form of page memory storage for microprocessor to determine what happens the WST standard. The text processor is a
received data, a character generator to drive to the received data once is has been minimal Teletext decoder only handling the
a CRT, and a character language font ROM acquired and error checked. At this point, the error correction and acquisition functions. It is
for displaying the text in the native language processor must handle all of the storage and therefore quite flexible in supporting multiple
the receiver is being used. These processors display functions remaining to present the packet format reception.
TO CRT
R
VIDEO VIDEO TEXT PAGE CHARACTER G
INPUT PROCESSOR PROCESSOR MEMORY GENERATOR
B
BLANK
TV SYNC
FONT
ROM
MICROCONTROLLER
SERIAL INTERFACE
Figure 5.
AERIAL
SYNC
DATA
UHF/VHF VIDEO VIDEO CLOCK TEXT
TUNER INPUT CONTROL
PROCESSOR
& IF PROCESSOR DATA
HOST HOST
I/F
PAGE
MEMORY
Figure 6.
What is Teletext?
WHAT ARE SOME UART to interface to an external host (i.e., a it should be noted that in the absence of any
RECOMMENDED microcomputer). This solution will not decode incoming composite sync signal, or if the
Packet 31 transmissions but will decode all signal is very noisy, the field sync integrator
CONFIGURATIONS? other extension packets. in the acquisition section will not be able to
For basic level 1 Teletext reception in the 525
detect the start of the field. Consequently the
line television system, the standard Figure 7 demonstrates a standalone decoder
display section will not receive a reliable
configuration is comprised of the SAA5191 with the acquisition and display sections of
vertical trigger, and thus a stable text display
data slicer, SAA9042 WST Teletext decoder, the SAA9042 timed from the incoming video
cannot be guaranteed under all signal
a DRAM for local storage, and either a signal. Although this will work quite well for
conditions.
microcontroller as the control host or and I2C set–top or computer add–in card applications,
SAA5191 SAA9042
CBB R
TO DISPLAY
VIDEO IN CV SAND G OR
PL ENCODER
LL3A B
CLK13_5
SDA I2C TO µC
LL3D
SCL OR UART
13.5MHz
TTC TTC INT INTERRUPT
HSA
11.4545MHz
COMP SYNC
256K x 4 DRAM
(64 PAGE)
What is Teletext?
For acquisition only and Datacast reception The purpose of the VBI window generator is The other function the PLD generates is a
(packet 31), the SAA5250 CMOS Interface simple. To aid the CIDAC in the reduction of simple interrupt pulse for the microprocessor.
for Data Acquisition and Control, or CIDAC, invalid data being processed, and to provide This pulse can be generated before, during,
is a WST decoder designed for direct the host microprocessor with a data valid or after the window closes. The choice is up
interfacing to a microprocessor host. Unlike interrupt so the microprocessor will not be to the PLD’s designer and is important for the
the SAA9042, CIDAC only has one required to poll the CIDAC on a regular basis microprocessors best performance. In
acquisition channel and support for only a to determine if new data has arrived. addition, it is recommended that the PLD
2K×8 static RAM for local buffering. But designer add a hardware select line from the
The TDA4820T is a adaptive sync separator
because CIDAC was intended to interface to PLD to the microprocessor to allow it to
which provides the PLD with vertical and
a microprocessor, the need for most of the select full field or VBI reception for flexibility.
composite sync. With these signals at hand,
larger local storage and multiple acquisition
the PLD simply counts the number of
channels are unnecessary in this application
horizontal lines after the vertical sync period In conclusion, the WST Teletext format allows
since the microcomputer host has superior
until the desired active video line for the a system designer great flexibility while
storage and data transfer capabilities already.
window to open is found. Upon finding this, providing a low cost means to deliver secure
In the circuit shown in Figure 8, the SAA5231 the PLD then allows the data from the data over a wide area network. Philips
is used purely as a data slicer since the SAA5231 to be passed onto the CIDAC, but Semiconductors has been providing
CIDAC doesn’t require a dot clock for display not before it is gated with the composite complete Teletext solutions since the formats
the VCO section of the SAA5231 is left blanking signal first. This has the result of early beginning and as a customer you can
unused. Because the CIDAC was design as passing only valid data for a select number of look forward to continued innovative and cost
a multi-Teletext format decoder, the chip was horizontal lines and pre-filtering out any sync effective solutions from Philips
designed primarily for full field data reception. or color burst information which could be Semiconductors, World wide supplier of
For VBI applications, it is suggested to add a confused as valid data. Teletext components.
simple circuit between the SAA5231 and the
CIDAC that creates a VBI ‘window’.
DLY_CLK
TTC TTC DB<7..0>
CBB CBB
11.4545MHz ALE
VAL IN
SRAM
CS
MS
WE RD
2K x 8
AD<10..0>
WR
DB<7..0>