UNIT 2: PLANET EARTH (EL PLANETA TIERRA)

1 TH/( CAPAS DE LA TIERRA)

GEOSPHERE HYDROSP~~r

CRUST
~ MANTLE CORE

Co..tA.reo.. M~ rv u::ck.o

TROPOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE IONOSPHERE

T1'\"ro-~ ~ :ron~

-The Earth is called the Blue Planet. l.o- l~a.. ":>tL ~ f~ A~uJ..

-About 75% of its surface is covered by water Um ::¡ S"(o ck. I).V... ~ ~ ~ eÁtL e-.~

@"E ATMOSPH~ LA Rlt-\-;::{SFE:RA

- It's a gaseous layer that surrounds the whole planet - It contains gases (nitrogen and oxygen)

D~ -Urr.C~ <-.e¡~ 'b(}.f)L~e- Ct= '"\Ack..o... tock:. .,J... ~

Co~ ~ (Mtn.o~ ~ ~~<:J)

- s:-==::-r==~::::'=:::::~::::·
It has different l a /... ======:<"=""--f=-~--= _
The troposphere tne stratosphere the ionosphere

-It's c10sest to the surface Lo.. ...... c.;, '-'U'-<..~ c.. Oc... ~ -it's aboye the troposphere ~c.... c.k Q". -it's aboye the stratosphere So~ ~ ~~

-It's 12 km thick í~ 121(,."..." ck ~J..o.J. -it includes the ozone layer t ........ f~~e- -th e to p is about 400 km hig h Uk-~ "'- ~ ~ ~ o <:) ~ d.tt. .JLC..nc...

-We can observe meteorological conditions -¡,,~ ~ ~"- ~ " -it reflects radio wayes ~"-' l-. :o. J,.....,. <k... "'" c..cLu,.

Se.. cb~ ......... \.~ \,""",,,: ~ o~

r- _ ............... """':> .~O'\D\.ó)~
1 _
.....-:>
0",0

-There isn't a lot of air No \...~ ~ ~

1
 tfE GEOSPHE Lo... Ge.~

• It's t-solid part of the Earth. ~'> k i~ s.¿-J....:.c:L.... k ~ \" ~"­

• Ithasdi7~ _

The crust Le. ~t"- the mantle el. M~ the care E:.t ~

• It's the outer layer [~.t.o- ~ ~e­ • ¡t's under the crust c...ta.- ~¡;, ~ Co~o... • it's the inner layer Co.-r"- ~'""\.

~ It's made of rocks CJ:c: ~- k """'LA.-, • it can be very hot PUIl-<.l.o... ~ O ~ it's made of iron ~_ k ~o

• It includes the continents, islands an? ocean f1o~rs_11 • some rocks are in liquid form (m~ma) • temperatures are very high T~,,,,,-, .....l"\cJ¡,..,,.~
-¡v-.~ 6~ '-">~ J~ ':J ~ p.~c-..., """'u..., ~ ~=""'""' ..­ ~~ .......""">
e~ k~~ (~u.o.-..c_ r>-oc>..~ J

dtíí:t:iloRosPtiEm Le- ~~c~c-

It includes all the water that exists ¡ .... ~ \::'" d-.o .e.L o....r ~ ~

~------~----
Liquid state E~ ~c.L:. salid state ¡; ~J.o S ¡:/~cJ...o
-
gaseaus state t..~e-cJ..o 6CV:>Q...C':;)O

~
Oceans rivers
t\ seas lakes snow iC~
1
water vapour .J "'-l"o-t ek. ~re­
O(.O.c_o-, rv:;O? ""'C\1\lV;) l 0-')":> ~

","
 2~lMINERALS AND ROCKS ~ Hi~'E:<Z-PIL.c.s "1' Roc.AS

~ER~ M;~E.~LE S
They are solid bodies that form rocks. So......... ~O':> ?,,;~':> e:¡--- j~ '""'-'D~

They are not living things 100 1')'::>.-. ~ .... "'-'-J""er,)

We can classify them by prop~rties: ~ ~ ~ f<:r"\ J')t.J-.. r-~~

~~~-------
Hardness ~o- lustre bn:Jl.o ""tolour eoLJ'L

~ ~ ~
~. ';)
Hard and resistant
l~ 1 ';)
soft and less resistant
~ "1'"""1 ~
metallic appearance or lustre
o Wl o

non-metallic lustre
, "'"' ...u. ~ g'ef~
yellow~

\
Diamond chalk gold, copper granite malachite sulphur

J..-.ev--~ ~o.. 0'1.0 J '-c:>b"-'!.. or~ ..,.....Jc..~ ~<>

@>CK9
They consist of one or more mínerals co~ e-...... ¡w.,....o o r~ ~~

They can be: f~ ':lU'\

Sedimentary igneous metamorphic

~~ "J~ ~dfc..o-

","

3
 Sedimentary rocks: f<.o~ Sa..~

~ Composed of particles of other rocks Co~ k re~~ ck. "'~~ f\.o ~

• Formed by erosion, sedimentation and compaction ~~-cl..-, fd"\ ~~c>.;::. J .~~ J (..o::>~~;:'"

• Weathering breaks rocks ---Vlayers of sediment -'sandstone and conglomerate lo.. ~.;:.. """'~ 10-, rl.cc..o.-" o,,> 4.\""'" ~ '::.:z-~.~ c~ J'o'TI~(1o

f Some include organic materials like coal and petroleum Aro"> ,.,....,,~ ..... .:~ "'"J~ c:.o.-....~ e-o.r-b"'_ 'J ;k b

Igneous rocks: Roc..o.--:. -¡t:"~o..-,

• Formed from hot, melted rocks (magma). f"~ ck- "-Oc..<>-", ~ ~ (-'-"4<>--)
• When the magma cold, it changes back to solid rock ~ A _r,.--_ ">A- ~"- , ~ c...o~ -e....... ..... U>-. >~

.. Basalt, granite ~CJ':)~ J rc.v-.-.1o

Metamorphic rocks RoLG>-, ~">~

v Formed under the surface when rocks become very hot or when they are under pressure Se.. .!~~ h'J'u o.... ~~~ lo.... ....... CA-, '~ ~,..,
o~ ~~ b~<> ~Q~
• Slate ~~o.N"\o-

Gj\energy inside the Earth]

Volcanoes Vol~

It forms when hot magma rises the Earth's surface ~ j 0""-'-<.......... ~~ v-.-.t:~ C~~ ~c, -6.
~~

....

 }\~ Col\ol ~VIT ~ t~ v.AJ"\Í.,:.c..o.t .5ha.f*- _

L<:lWO..Je..:¡Q : r0"'-= ~ J
- .. _. '"
~a.. l:\"'d. ~ "te -li--e.. E~ S ~"-'l..R.- a.....J.... ,
~w':) 0..1- cJ c.. JO~o
-¡t.' ~ ~ levvy- rooo.. <::>J ...,...,..,~ ....
("",,"'1"'"""'C­ ~ ~C- "- Lo... ~ J I')..k c:k.. lA--. VQ~ (~ ~"- <k. ,"",,<I.~a.. J

Earthquakes \'~o1:cn

They are caused by sudden movements ofthe Earth's crust Se-. J.;:>~n.- ?"'" n--="~ ~C>-> e-..... ~ ~e.... ~

'ATER ON THE EARTHj f;L A6v'A EN I.-A- T"C~~f\

Water pollution and treatment Ca vd..~~.;.. JJ... Cl...~ :J An.c.::f.-c.~

Avoid wasting water: to protect the supplies offresh water Cv~ ~UJV, eL ~ ; f'~ r-~r ~ ~~ k "'-~ ~

Many human activities cause water pollution. We need to purify it /J....,...J..C<-, ~~ F"Joc..A-.-. \..Or±~~ ckJ... o-r. t-:, ~~
~~

Purified water: it's clean but it isn't for drinking. We need to disinfect it A
r ~: ~ ~ r '-'0 r~ b.eke.n . I-t~
~~~~

Potable water: it's good for drinking F\ r- F-teJ:.k. x ~ W.<;if\

 , GLOSES AND MAPS!

Globes GLO BoS maps M f\f"~ S

_ Are three-dimensional models of the Earth's surface .. are flat, two-dimensional representations of the Earth's surface
$-=> ......... o~-:> \r"'-~c"cb-:. ck k ~~ $"'..... ~C'........:.o,~ rl.".....~ ~ -e-- -Z ~,:"........., c:k. Q.... ~~
~
_ Show areas and distances without any distortions ... areas and distances are distorted
,~ ~ ':) (..~~ ~ ~c~o~ La..-. ~ J ~c~ ~ ~,~o..:k-,

Meridians and parallels

Meridians ~~

Semicircular lines that go from the North Poi e to the South pole ~ ~ "F- ...JC'-.- ~ .J- y>.J.:. ,kJ~~ o.i r al:, S-....n

Are numbered in degrees: 0° to 180° East and 0° to 180° West Se. ~(>-,..,. .e- er-o..Jo~; eL.- d' a- '1 'i?O° (;~ '::> 0- c... -1 ~o<> 0-e4

Meridian 0° or Greenwich Meridian is the Prime Meridian. [.~ ~cL..c;...,...::> Cvto D ~ ~.;~l,..,. ~ ~ ~ ~~::>

Parallels f~)

Circular lines that go around the Earth from east to west ~ ~ ~ -..J_ <'.s..n.....~ J.<.. L"'~ ch....

~ c.. Q~

Are numbered in degrees: 0° to 90° North and 00 to 900 South ~ ~ ~..,: o· CL <)0" ~~ J OL CL l'<Y s:...u,

The Equator is parallel O°. It divides the Earth in two parts: The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. ¡; e.. t:~ e- ~

fC~ o~. O-Uri~ ~ T~ Jl...-..­ "2 r~; .~ N~ J ~ k,

Geographic coordinates LoO'lJ..-;...C'~ ~r-c(.Y:~

Latitude is the distance in degrees from the Equator Lo.-. l~d e-:, Q....- c:A.6J.~ ~ "f'w:b-;> cJ...-,ck..J... e CA.J..-c-·.a(.:;n
The ¡quator is at latitude 0° ~Q.. [~ ~ -"--.~ ~ o"

Longitude is the distance in degrees from the Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian Le---- I.v+d- 4-.,. t:..- ~ ~ C'r~" ~
The Prime Meridian is at longitude 00 ¿ ~~ k G~~~
U r~ ~c..~ ~ J¿.-.- ~ \""r oC>

","