UNIVERSIDAD LATINOAMERICANA DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA

ANALISIS FINANCIERO DE PROYECTOS DE INVERSION/ GERENCIA FINANCIERA DE PROYECTO

Foro 1 /Semana 1

¿What’s an entrepreneurship ecosystem?

(Cayasso, 2014) a startup is "a human institution designed to create a new product or service under
conditions of extreme uncertainty", which resides in an environment of risk and needs an ecosystem that
works and understands the investment of this risk.

An entrepreneurial ecosystem is understood as an environment in which the environment and its

conditions determine a positive and encouraging environment for the development of innovation
projects, promoting the development of great growth opportunities in an agile and accelerated manner.
This ecosystem promotes individual and collective support of non-restrictions in the risk process of
developing innovative ideas. The entrepreneurship ecosystem defines the spaces where the integrations
between partners, suppliers, technology and means of transport promote the development of the
innovative process at individual and collective level.

¿How technology and innovation influence at startup’s ecosystem?

(Sapag & Sapag, 2014) Define innovate as a way to surprise the client, not just satisfy him; Therefore,
innovation requires something new, something not expected, not existing, far from traditional solutions,
in the understanding that in today's world the consumer seeks to solve their multiple needs in an
increasingly dynamic way, it is understood that Technology is the ally in startup ecosystems.

Technology and innovation have great influence on startup ecosystems, by definition these systems are
intended to "think outside the box" and with the use of emerging technologies such as the use of social
networks, new forms of payment, new digital and electronic procedures, as well as the influence or
interrelation between different companies, create links and cooperation networks where both
entrepreneurs, startup, new companies and consolidated companies are strengthened in a risky but
above all collaborative environment.

The factors of technology and innovation, encourage the development of this type of work network and
development a globalized and connected ecosystem. Understanding that all projects of change or the
development of new ideas must be defined in their internal and external context, the technological
context is crucial in the development of new businesses and startup processes, enabling speed, dynamism,
and acceleration of the process of decision making and risk planning.

¿How are related, government policies and local governments with the process of entrepreneurship
ecosystems creation?

Local governments and government policies participate directly in the creation of business ecosystems
because they promote 3 important aspects in this environment: financial actors, knowledge and
cooperation in the networks that can form new companies and consolidated companies. Providing the
necessary environments to promote spaces, infrastructure, regulations, policies and incentives to promote
not only internal development but also the relationship of local developments with external ones already
developed. Trying to simulate the experience of governments in the process of entrepreneurship
ecosystems creation is a first step. But they should think that the markets, the internal conditions of each
country are different and therefore the prototypes or strategies raised in other locations will not
necessarily have the same success in other latitudes.

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ANALISIS FINANCIERO DE PROYECTOS DE INVERSION/ GERENCIA FINANCIERA DE PROYECTO

¿According to characteristics you found in London, Helsinki, Paris, Barcelona, Berlin and Milan
ecosystems. Which of them are relevant in every city for you?

The characteristics that I find determining in these cities are the following: favorable market conditions,
modern and innovative markets, government policies and important political relations, infrastructure,
educational programs and broad and developed technical knowledge, financial and state support, dynamic
economies, presence of investors, real spaces for the exchange of knowledge and experiences, but
definitely the support of the state and the government is the common denominator in this way of doing
business.

(L.S, 2013) London and Berlin are one of the most important cities in Europe: cities, symphony orchestras,
tourist crowds. Less well known, they are also competing to become the continent's leading metropolis for
digital start-ups. Although it is indicated that the history of Berlin is much older than the experience of
London, the development in the latter has increased in recent years and if there are similarities in both
that also apply to other locations such as Helsinki, Barcelona, Paris, Milan Berlin now also has a similar
support infrastructure to London: co-working spaces, accelerators (a start-up school of sorts), coffees and
other places to meet. In London start-ups like to rent desks in Google's Campus or in Warner Yard; in Berlin
the places to be the Betahaus and the Factory, which when it opens in a few months will be SoundCloud's
new home. In London the accelerator of choice is TechStars; in Berlin it is Startupbootcamp. And in London
overworked entrepreneurs sip their latte at Ozone Coffee Roasters; in Berlin they gather at the Sankt
Oberholz although the latter seems more of a place to work than to talk. (L.S, 2013)

¿Can you identify conditions in San Jose or the "GAM" that allows ideal features for startups ecosystem?

Reviewing the conditions exposed for cities such as London, Helsinki, Paris, Barcelona, Berlin and Milan,
we can think that the environment in the country is very different even though there are signs and some
private companies and universities promote these innovation nests, it is not observed at the level of such
marked conditions or with a significant growth in the last decade. The first thing that comes to mind when
it comes to startups ecosystem is to think in “PYMES” and or supply chain of small companies with big
companies, but this has no relation with startup-type businesses.

For many years, organizations such as CINDE or PROCOMER have promoted the development,
implementation of “PYMES”. The question arises of what is the difference in our environment of a “PYME”
and a startups, and the ecosystem that is needed for their development. (Cayasso, 2014) A startup is NOT
a “PYME”. A startup is neither a consulting firm nor a freelancer. A startup is "a human institution designed
to create a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainty."

(De Camino, 2017) In Costa Rica, a “PYME” is a small company that is legally registered and that is billing,
that is, it already produces and sells services or products. Now, the word startup, began to be used from
1976, referring to companies that are born and can grow very quickly. The term has spread and today is
even part of the vocabulary of entrepreneurship in Costa Rica, although the reality is that the nature of the
development of new companies is very different in North America or countries where there are high levels
of risk investment. Now, some points that can be highlighted and left for discussion of startups and
“PYMES”:

1. The startups or companies that have started from the idea of incubation entrepreneurship, etc. They
have not changed the country's economy yet, PYMES did.

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 UNIVERSIDAD LATINOAMERICANA DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
ANALISIS FINANCIERO DE PROYECTOS DE INVERSION/ GERENCIA FINANCIERA DE PROYECTO

2. There is not the same risk capital investment as in other countries, therefore, given the conditions, new
business models would not emerge in Costa Rica (we have to change this).
3. “PYMES” are important for the development of the country, and allow a wide distribution of wealth and
employment generation, on the other hand, the startups do not, because if they are good, they would
probably leave the country to develop in another side.
4. To both (startup and “PYMES”), they find it difficult to start and they must register as a company,
association, foundation, etc. (depends on the type of entrepreneurship)
5. In principle, at least in Costa Rica, a startup is practically the same as a “PYME”.
6. Both “PYMES” and startup seek to generate wealth and generate social and cultural impact.
(De Camino, 2017) In Costa Rica we must change the “PYMES” model and use it as a basis to generate
innovative businesses. Take the idea of startup and supplement the “PYME” idea. In other words, we must
take advantage of the strength of these companies and transform them into the generators of startups, of
new business possibilities, uniting them, chaining them and taking new possibilities from them.

References

Cayasso, J. (2014, January 20). Dejemos de incubar startups en Costa Rica. Retrieved from innovacion.cr:
http://www.innovacion.cr/blog/dejemos-de-incubar-startups-en-costa-rica from July 21, 2018

De Camino, T. (2017, August 10). ¿Es una pyme un “startup”? Retrieved from La Republica.net:
https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/es-una-pyme-un-startup from July 21, 2018

L.S. (2013, October 3). Start-ups in Europe. Retrieved from The economist:
https://www.economist.com/schumpeter/2013/10/03/a-tale-of-two-ecosystems from July 20,
2018

Sapag, N., & Sapag, R. (2014). Preparación y Evaluación de proyectos. México: Mc Graw Hill.

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