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This Design Idea describes a method by which you can detect and assess air or liquid fluid flow
using an externally heated semiconductor diode. Airflow across the heated diode reduces its
temperature, causing a variation in the diode's voltage drop. This principle is similar to that used in
hot-wire anemometers.
Figure 1 When cooled by an applied fluid flow, a heated diode increases its forward voltage.
The simple wind meter (Figure 2b) operates on the same principle as a Thermal Probe. It can be
calibrated by heating the diode with a certain current and adjusting the right trimpot to get a zero
deflection in the meter at room temperature without any air flow. Air flow across the sensor diode
then results in a voltage difference between the two ends of the meter causing it to deflect. The
marked (*) 1N4148 diode should be exposed to the same air as the heated diode to compensate for
air temperature variations.
Figure 2 These circuits demonstrate applications using a diode as a temperature sensor: a) The
electronic candle LED turns off when air is blown onto the 1N4148 diode. By using a resistor-trimpot
combination, more precision adjustment is possible. Perhaps -5V for LM393 is not required; ground
would do in this case. b) The wind meter works on the same principle as a hot-wire anemometer.
Figure 3 Close-up of the sensor diode