ME 486 - Design of Mechanical Systems

Quiz and Exam Resource

Geometry
Rectangle: = ℎ = ℎ
Circle: = = =

Stress Transformations

, = + ; = ± , ; ≥ ≥ ; =

Stresses and deformations

Tension, Compression: = / ; = / ; = 2
Direct Shear: = /
Torsion: = / ; = ; = / ; = 2
Pure bending: =− ; = ; =
= 2 ; =
Singularity functions:
Concentrated moment at x=a: ( )= − < − >
Concentrated force at x=a: ( )= < − >
Uniformly distributed load starting at x=a: ( ) = < − >
Ramp starting at x=a: ( )= < − >
< − > =( − ) if x ≥ a, = if x ≤ a
< − > = < − > if n > 0
< − > =< − > if n ≤ 0
Shear stress due to bending: =
= (circular section) ; = (rectangular section) ; = (structural shape)
Castigliano's Theorem: =

Columns

/
Critical slenderness ratio: =
/
Euler columns: = ; =( ; = for round columns
/ )
/
Johnson Columns: = − ; =2 + for round columns
 Failure Theories

Maximum Shear Stress Theory: =

Distortion Energy Theory: =
( ) ( ) ( )
von Mises stress: = = − + +3

Brittle Coulomb-Mohr Theory:

≥ ≥0 ℎ =
≥0≥ ℎ − =

0≥ ≥ ℎ = −

Endurance limit: = 0.5 ≤ 200 (1400 ), 100 (1400 )

( . ) .
Fatigue strength: = ; = ; = − log

Endurance limit: =

Surface finish factor: =

Size factor: = 0.879 .

0.11 ≤ ≤ 2 ; = 0.910 .
2 < ≤ 10
= 1.24 .
2.79 ≤ ≤ 51 ; = 1.51 .
51 < ≤ 254
= 0.370 , = 0.808√ℎ
kb = 1 for axial loads

Loading factor: =1 , 0.85 , 0.59

Fatigue stress concentration factor: = 1+ ( − 1)

Mean stress, stress amplitude: = ; =

Modified Goodman criteria: + = ; =

( )

Gerber criterion: + =1 ; =
( )

Static (Langer) failure: + =

 Fasteners

Power screws: raising: = ; lowering: = ;

self-locking: >

.
Bolt stiffness: = = ; Member stiffness: = ( . )( ) ; =
( . )( )

Bolt torque: T = 0.2 Fi d

Load factor against overload: = ; Factor of safety against yielding: = =

Factor of safety against joint separation: =

( )

Non-permanent connections: Fi = 0.75 AtSp ; permanent connections, Fi = 0.9 AtSp

Fatigue loading between no-load and max load P: = ; = +

Welds

Butt and fillet welds: = =

.
Joints in torsion: = ; = =
.
Joints in bending: = ; = =
.

Helical springs

Mean diameter: D =OD – d = ID + d ; Spring index: C = D/d

Stress: = ; = ;
Spring rate: =
Absolute stability of steel compression springs: < 2.63
Spring materials: = ; Ssu = 0.67Sut ; Ssy = 0.45Sut

Critical frequency of helical springs: =

Fatigue loading: unpeened: Ssa = 35 ksi (241 MPa), Ssm = 55 ksi (379 MPa)
peened: Ssa = 57.5 ksi (398 MPa), Ssm = 77.5 ksi (534 MPa)
= ; = ; = =
Goodman: = ; = ; =
Gearing

Circular pitch = p
Diametral pitch = P = N/d ; module = d/N
pP = π

Train value: = ; = (−1)#

Planetary systems: =

= 33000 ; Wt (pounds), H (hp), = ⁄12 = pitch-line velocity in ft/min, d (in), n(rpm)

= ; Wt (kN), H (kW), d (mm), n (rpm)

NOTE: The size range for Class 8.8 is M1.6 - M36