Gunsola Hyadro12

Tehri Hydro Power Plant | Summer Training Report
Table of Contents
Serial Topics Page Number

Number
i Submission Details 2
ii Acknowledgement 3
1 Introduction 4
2 Salient Features 6
3 Components of a HPP 9
 Rock Filled Earthen dam
 Head Race Tunnel
 Power House
4 Power Generation 17
 Excitation System
 Braking System
 Governor System
 Oil Pressure Unit (OPU)
 Unit Control Board (UCB)
i g a r h M u s li m U n iv e r s i y
5 Gas Insulated Switchyard 32
6 Epilogue 39
F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
7 Photograph Gallery 41
Submission Details
Name of the Organization Tehri Hydro Development Corporation
Location of Powerhouse Tehri-Garwal, Uttarakhand, India
Duration 09 June, 2014 to July 09th, 2014
Title of Report “Tehri Hydro Power Plant”
Name Vipin tomar
College Dit university dehradun
University Uttarakhand Technical University
Guides:
A li g a r h M u s li m U n iv e r s i t y
 Er. Sanjeev R
 Er. C Pradeep Raj
 Er. K.s panwar F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
 Er. Sachin vyas
 Er.arun arora
 Er. Sumit Tamta
 Er. Anoop
 Er. Sachin Rathor
Acknowledgement
I would like to sincerely thank Mr. K.N JOSHI , AGM
THDC, for his immense support and guidance
that has made this training possible. I would also like to
thank Mr. C P Raj (Manager O&M), Mr.SACHIN VYAS
( ENGINNER) for their supervision, Mr. K.S PANWAR (MANAGER)

and Mr. RAHUL(JE) were a real guide and I
would like to thank them whole heartedly for the efforts
they put in to make us understand the working and
principle behind every operation.
VIPIN TOMAR
DIT UNIVERSITY
DEHRADUN
1. Introduction
Introduction
About THDC
TEHRI HYDRO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, or THDC, is a venture of the Central
Government and Uttarakhand State Government.
About Tehri Dam

The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose, rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi
River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. It is the primary dam of the Tehri Hydro
Development Corporation India Ltd. and the Tehri power complex. Phase 1 was completed
in 2006; the Tehri Dam withholds a reservoir for irrigation, municipal water supply and the
generation of 1,000 MW of hydroelectricity. Two more phases with an additional 400 MW
Koteshwar and 1,000MW pumped storage hydroelectricity are under construction. This
dam is sia’s largest & world’s 3rd largest rock fill dam. The area of the reservoir is around
44 km2 and the catchment area expands to over 7511 km2. The complex will afford
irrigation to an area of 270,000 hectares (670,000 acres), irrigation stabilization to an area
of 600,000 hectares (1,500,000 acres), and a supply of 270 million gallons of drinking water
per day to the industrialized areas of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, thereby
supplying drinking water to over ten million people.
2. Salient Features
Salient Features
I) LOCATION
State: Uttarakhand
District: Tehri
Vicinity: Diversion dam on the River Bhagirathi.
Powerhouse on the left bank.
II) HYDROLOGY
Catchment Area at Dam: 7511 Km2

Reservoir Area: 44 Km2
III) RESERVOIR
Full Reservoir Level (FRL): 830.0m

Max Reservoir Level: 835.0m
Min Draw Down Level (MDDL): 740.0m
IV) DIVERSION TUNNEL
Location: 2 Numbers on the left bank of the River & 2 on

river Bhagirathi.
Number: Four
Shape: Horse Shoe Shaped
V) DAM
Type: Rock Filled Earthen Dam F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T

Maximum height about deepest foundation: 260.5m
Elevation of Dam top: 842.0m
Length at top: 592.0m
Top Width: 25.50m
VI) POWER TUNNEL (HRT)
Size & Cross Section: 7m Horse Shoe Shaped

Number: Four
Length: 779m, 855m, 997m & 1033m
VII) POWER HOUSE

Type: Underground
Installed Capacity of HPP: 1000MW (250x4=1000 MW)
Installed Capacity of PSP*: 1000MW (250x4=1000 MW)
Size: 197x24x65.2 m3
Type of Turbine: Francis Vertical Axis
Gross Head: 230.1 m
Design Head: 188.0 m
*Under Construction
VIII) TAIL RACE TUNNEL (TRT)
Number & Type: 2 Numbers, 9.0m Horse shoe

Length: 748.0m & 862.0m
IX) GAS INSULATED SWITCHYARD (GIS)
Type: Indoor SF6 Insulated package switchyard

Capacity: 400KV
X) POWER GENERATION
Peak Capacity during the lean period: 1000MW

Annual energy generation in a 90% dependable:
4300million units
Annual energy generation at average water availability:
5300million units
3. Components of a
Hydro Power Plant F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
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TECHNICAL PARAMETERS & WORKING
The technical details of the few of the major components/equipment are as under:
Earth & Rock Fill Dam:

The dam is of Earth & Rock Fill type and height of the dam is 260.5 m. The length of the dam
at top is 592.0 m & the width is 25.5m. The elevation of top of the dam is 842.0 m.
Figure 1: Tehri Dam
Headrace Tunnel:
There are 04 Numbers of HRTs on the Right Bank of the reservoir having circular shape, 8.5
m diameter. The lengths of HRTs are 779 m, 855 m, 997 m &1033 m. It takes water from
reservoir and supplies it to power house machines for generation. HRT-1 and HRT-2 carry
A li g a r h M u s li m U n iv r s i t y
the later to Hydro power plant (HPP). HRT-3 and HRT-4 carry the water to the pump storage
plant (PSP) which is still an ongoing project and is not functional right now.
e F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
Figure 2: Head Race Tunnel (HRT)

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Power House:
It is an underground powerhouse having four generating units.
Its different constituents are as follows:-
1. Penstock:
There are four numbers of penstocks attached with butterfly valve. Water
enters through the different penstocks to the different generating units.
Each penstock comprises upper horizontal, vertical & lower horizontal
reach including upper & lower bend. The diameter of penstock is 5.75 m.
2. Inlet Valves:
One Butterfly Inlet Valve (BIV) at mouth of the each penstock and one
machine inlet valve (MIV) before the spiral casing are installed. The valve
remains close in case of unit shutdown. When the unit is started, then after
sensing the starting command, MIV opens first to build-up pressure in
spiral casing and roll the turbine. The BIV is usually open and is shut during
the maintenance period.
MIV is a spherical valve.
BIV is shown in the following diagram.
Figure 3: Section of BIV(left) and Butterfly Inlet Valve-BIV (right)

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Figure 4: Spherical Valve- MIV
3. Turbine:
It is vertical Francis type turbine having net head of 188 m and generator
has rated output of 255 MW at a discharge of 150cum/ sec at a rated speed
of 214.3 rpm. Water from the spiral casing enters through the 28 guide
vanes and strikes the 14 blades of the runner, which is coupled to the main
shaft. The shaft is coupled to the rotor of the generator at the other end.
The opening of guide vanes depends upon the generation requirement.
Water strikes the blades of the runner and fall axially in the draft tube. For
keeping shaft vertically, Turbine guide bearing is installed which is of
rotating sump self-cooled type. Runner removal from the bottom of the F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
unit is possible through the runner removal gallery.
Rated Output 255 MW

Head Maximum 230.1m
Head Rated 188.0m
Head Minimum 122.6m
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Figure 5: Diagram showing Turbine Pit and Spiral Cage

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4. Generator:
It is 278 MVA, 0.9pf, 50HZ, 3 Phase generator which generates power at a
voltage of 15.75 KV. A generator has two parts, Stator and Rotor. Power
generated is transmitted through isolated phase bus duct to transformer
gallery from where it is stepped up to 400 KV by GSU transformers. Two
bearings named as Thrust bearing and upper guide bearing are installed for
sustaining the outward thrust of rotor and keeping shaft verticality. Both
the bearings are of water cooled type. It has 10% overload capacity for
short duration. Carbon dust collection system has been installed which
works during application of brakes.
Rated Voltage 15.75 KV

Power factor 0.9
Current frequency 50Hz
Rated rotational speed 214.3rpm
Runaway speed 410 rpm
Rated power 278MVA
Figure 6: Animated Diagram of a Salient Pole Hydro-Alternator

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5. Transformer Gallery:
4 in numbers, 306 MVA, 15.75/ 400KV GSU 3 Phase transformers are
installed in transformer gallery (TG) for the four units. 15.75 KV is
generated from the each unit and this power is stepped up to 400 KV here
and sent to switchyard through oil filled cables. These generating
transformers are provided with makeup valve which is filled with water
that cools the oil that is being used to cool the transformer. These
transformers are also equipped with micro wave detector which detects
the microwave that generated In case of some spark and raises the alarm.
Transformer oil conditioner is used to purify the oil which is used to cool
the transformer and eliminates different gases from the oil that got mixed
during the cooling process.
Total Power 306 MVA

Primary Voltage 15.75 KV
Secondary Voltage 420KV
Number 04
Figure 7: Generating Transformer for HPP housed inside the Transformer Hall
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6. Ventilation System:
Circulation of air inside the powerhouse is done through a ducting network
and blowers/ fans of different capacity and is kept in operations 24hours a
day.
Figure 8: Ventilation Chamber
7. Tailrace Tunnel (TRT):

There is TRT-1, TRT-2 for the 4 Units. The dia. of the TRT is 9.0 m and the
lengths of TRTs are 748 m & 862 m. Tail race tunnels basically carry the
water from the draft of Hydro Power plant (HPP) to the main stream river.
TRT-3 and TRT-4 carry the water from PSP (Pump storage plant) to the
downstream river.
Figure 9: Tail Race Tunnel (TRT)

4. Power Generation
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18
Power Generation at Tehri Hydro Power Plant
Figure 10: Plan of Tehri Project
a. Water from the reservoir enters the HRT-1 and HRT-2.
b. Each HRT further divides into 2 penstocks, which is
equipped with butterfly valve, which controls the water
flow in the penstock.
c. Thus four penstocks lead to 4 turbines. F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
d. There, water rotates the turbine blades which rotates
the excited rotor, thus induces changing flux in AC the
stator winding.
e. Thus is how power is generated from 4 units.
f. Water from the turbine enters the draft tube and there
after Tailrace tunnel (TRTs). TRT-1 and TRT-2 takes
the water from HPP.
g. These TRTs take the water to the mainstream river.
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Figure 11: Water Flow Outline Diagram
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Excitation System
Introduction
The basic principle of power generation is when a magnetic field is moved across a
stationary conductor, voltage is induced in the conductor. Voltage will be induced even if
conductor is rotated and magnetic field is kept stationary, Generators consist of two circuits
an electric circuit and a magnetic circuit; one is rotating with respect to other. The magnetic
circuit of a generator is called exciter.
In modern generators magnetic field is produced by an electromagnet. The intensity of
magnetic field can be varied by varying the amount of DC current applied to electromagnet.
Generator output voltage is affected by the following factors:
1) Intensity of the flux in the rotating magnetic excitation field. This can be varied by varying
the DC current applied to the electromagnets.
2) Rate at which flux lines cut by the conductor. This is not variable since the generators
operator at the rated constant speed.
3) Length of the conductor (Not variable).
The function of the generator exciter is to provide variable magnetizing power to the
generator magnetizing flux field. When the intensity of exciter field is increased the
generator output voltage is increased. In actual usage, the exciter is used to vary the
generator output voltage to match the system demands.
Types of Exciters
1) Commutator type DC generator: These DC generators are either driven from the shaft of
the main generator or from a separate motor. In some large exciters, a speed reducing gear
train is used between main generator shaft and exciter shaft.
2) AC generators used in connection with rectifiers: In this case can alternator is driven by
the main generator to produce AC power which is then converted to DC by rectifiers.
3) A static excitation system which uses the AC power generated by the main
generators
instead of a separate generating unit. In this type, the power generated by
the main
generator is stepped down to required level using rectifiers. For initial excitation, DC from
station battery of DC from station auxiliary power converted by rectifiers is used.
Static Exciters
With the development of electronics, the control systems became very simple. Electronics
control circuits has the advantages of fast response, easy maintenance and long life. The
control circuits can be assembled in modules called printed circuits boards. Each module
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can be easily replaced during a fault. With the development of electronics the excitation
system of AC generators are also considerably and today almost all the manufacturers are
using electronic exciter called static exciters.
a) This has practically no moving parts.
b) It draws AC power from the output of the main generator. It is rectified and controlled
using electronic rectifiers and fed back to the field.
c) No separate AC generator or DC generator is required for a static exciter.
d) The excitation transformer is a special three phase transformer used to step down the
generator output AC voltage (usually 11kv). The secondary is designed as per the
requirements.
e) The auxiliary power is derived from the excitation transformer secondary.
The Thyristor
1) This device is basically a controlled rectifier. It belongs to a family of called Silicon
Controlled Rectifier (SCR).
2) Its advantage is that it can carry large currents and it can be controlled using a very small
current of the order of a few milli-amperes.
3) The conduction of Thyristor can be controlled using the control input called gate. It has 3
terminals called anode, cathode and Gate. For starting conduction, anode is to be positive
w.r.t cathode and there should be gate current flowing through gate.
4) Even if the anode is positive w.r.t cathode the conduction will not start until a gate
current is supplied. So we can delay the conduction by delaying the gate signal. Once the
conduction is started, the gate will not have any control (even if it is removed).
5) The conduction is will continue until the current through the device is reduced below a
particular value called the holding current. It is the minimum current required to maintain
the conduction and the value is specified by the manufacturer.
Working of the static exciter
11KV generator output voltage is stepped down to a low voltage using the exciter
transformer. This AC voltage is rectified using a thyristor bridge. The rectified output
DC F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
voltage is given to the field winding of the generator through a field breaker.
The exciter draws power from the output of the generator and converts to the controlled DC and feeds
to the generator field. During starting, voltage will not be available at the output.
So the exciter cannot function and excite the generator.
For initial excitation external supply is required for 5 to 10 sec. usually the supply is given
from the station battery and this process is called Field Flashing. At about 95% of the rated
speed of generator, the station battery supply is given to the field using a set of
field flashing contractors. A current limiting resistor is also used in series with the
battery current. The blocking diode in the circuit prevents any current flowing to the battery from
the exciter.
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Figure 12: Static Excitation Scheme
When the battery supply is given to the field, the generator starts to generate
output voltage. Then the exciter starts functioning and the field current is shared by
battery and exciter. When the generator output reaches around 7KV, the exciter can independently
supply the field current. Then the battery supply is isolated automatically by switching off
the field flashing contractor. During every starting field flashing is required. Also when the F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
machine trips on non-lockout, generator keeps on running, excitation is switched off
and machine is isolated from the system.
A timer relay is also started which isolates the battery by de-energizing the field
flashing contractors in case the required voltage is not achieved. Re-exciting is required. At that
time also field flashing is required. Continuous field flashing can reduce the battery life. Modern
generators use field flashing from station auxiliary supply which is stepped down to
the required level and then rectified during diode bridge rectifiers and for field flashing.
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For large generators the excitation power required is more and more Thyristor bridges are
connected in parallel to share the load.
The Field Breaker
The field breaker connects the DC from the exciter to the field. In addition to the two main
contacts, the field breaker is usually provided with a power rated auxiliary contact. This
auxiliary contact is used to provide a discharge path for the voltage induced when the field
is isolated using the field breaker. During opening of the field breaker, the field is connected
to a field discharge resistor (FDR) through the closed contact of field breaker.
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
1) It is basically a comparator which compares the output voltage of the generator with the
set value. Any error between the set value and the output voltage is reflected as an output
of the comparator.
2) This signal is amplified and given to the gate pulse generating electronic circuit. The
position of the pulse is shifted and the conduction of the thyristor is controlled and output
voltage is brought to the set value.
3) The set value given to the comparator can be varied by the operator using a motorized
potentiometer. The feedback to the comparator is taken from the generator output using
potential transformers.
Auto Regulation Cubicle:

1) CH-1 is used for everything required for the machine to operate.
2) In case CH-1 is fails, then CH-2 is used and the parameters of CH-1 will be used by auto
channel CH-2.
3) In case CH-2 also fails then CH-3 is used and operated manually.
4) Ch-4 is for braking.
Unit Auxiliary Transformer:
Unit auxiliary transformer basically taps the generating 15.75KV to 415V secondary. This F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
secondary voltage is used to run the auxiliaries such as air oil system etc.
Total Power
Total Power- 400 kVA
Primary Voltage- 15.75 kV
Secondary voltage- 400 V
Self-Excitation Transformer:
This transformer is used to feed the required voltage to the rotor windings for the
generator excitation. This is called self-excitation because the voltage generated is back fed
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to the rotor windings after being tapped down through this transformer. Here the primary
voltage is 15.75KV (generated voltage) and secondary voltage is 712V. The Total Power is
1912 kVA.
Figure 13: Self Excitation Transformer
Excitation Process:-
1) Incomer 11KV line is used for the initial excitation. For this 11KV is stepped down 415V followed
by stepping down to 30V DC which is used for the initial excitation. F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
2) When 30MW is generated then 11KV line is isolated & the self-excitation is carried out. This is
done automatically.
3) For this 15.75KV, being generated is tapped down to 712V through the self-excitation
transformer.
4) This 712V AC is fed to thyristor bridges which get converted to DC and the gate pulse to thyristor
bridges are provided by AVR through pulse transformer to the gate of thyristor.
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5) These Pulse transformer smoothen the gate pulses.
6) DC from thyristor after passing through field breaker goes to the rotor windings.
7) This is how the excitation process continues till the machine operates.
Braking
1) To stop the machine, first wicket gates are closed.
2) It is then left in the idle condition, so that the speed reduces to 50%.
3) Dynamic brakes: When the speed is reduced to 50% dynamic brakes are applied. For this, first the
11KV incomer line is stepped down to 230V which after passing through circuit breakers followed by
field breakers is supplied to the rotor in opposite direction (opposite to the direction of excitation)
and the 3 phase AC is shorted, which applies the force in opposite direction and helps in reducing
the speed.
4) Mechanical brakes: - Mechanical brakes are applied when the speed reduces to 4% after
application of Dynamic brakes.
Figure 14: Mechanical Brake
Governor System:
1) Main Function of a governor is to maintain the rotational speed of the turbine within certain
acceptable limits by controlling the water input despite variations in the load.
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2) Hydraulic power is used to operate the vanes and the valves.
3) It consists of two parts:
i) The sensing and signal processing part
ii) The operational part.
4) For controlling the speed of a turbine a signal proportional to the speed is to be fed to the control
system.
5) Oil pressure system is a separate unit which supplies pressure oil at an appropriately constant
pressure.
6) For achieving automatic control, a portion of the system output is fed back to the system and this
signal is called feedback. The governor then automatically adjusts the flow to control the prime
mover’s power.
Oil Pressure System:
Application of oil pressure system:

1) The heat generated by the moving parts can be carried away by the oil which can be transmitted
to exchanger.
2) Various devices (big or small) like operating server motors for the wicket gates and opening and
closing of the spherical valve of MIV (Main inlet valve) can be operated using a simple energy
source.
3) The oil acts as a lubricant which can increase the component life.
4) Hydraulic actuators have a higher response speed.
Working of Oil Pressure System:
1) The governor oil sump tank is filled with the required quantity of governor oil. The air-oil vessel is
filled with 35% oil and 65% compressed air. F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
2) Oil form the sump tank is pumped to the system using induction motors. The isolation valve is
also kept opened so that the accumulator is also connected to the system.
3) Air from air vessel goes into the air-oil vessel and increases the pressure in that vessel which
pushes the oil. This is oil is released at the required places i.e. for opening and closing of wicket
gates and spherical valve of the MIV (Main inlet valve).
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Figure 15: Oil Pressure Unit. Oil and Air-Oil Pressure Vessel (left), Oil Pumping Unit (right)
AirVe ssel
Effective Pressure 6.3MPa

Tank Pressure 9.45MPa
Air-Oil Vessel
Capacity 3.2 m3
Temperature 10-40oC Effective Pressure 6.3 MPa
Tank Pressure 9.45 MPa
Capacity 3.2 m3
Temperature 10-40oC
Figure 16: Compressor Room
1. In the compressor room the air is compressed and stored in the cylinders. This compressed air is
then needed for various processes like in air vessel to carry on various hydraulic operations.
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2. There are two compressor cubicles. Cubicle-1 is on “Main” mode and Cubicle-2 is on “Standby”
mode. In case cubicle-1 fails, cubicle-2 takes over the operation.
3. When the pressure increases to 6MPa it switches on and at 6.3MPa it gets switched off. In case
the line pressure reduces to 4.4MPa, then both of them starts operating.
4. There are 4 stages of air compression.
•Pressure: 196-235 KPa

Stage 1 •Temperature: Less Than 160o
•Pressure: 0.77-0.84 MPa

•Pressure: 2.27-2.98 MPa

•Pressure: 6.28MPa
5. After the air is compressed, it is stored in various cylinders and stored at various pressures to
carry out different operations. There are total of 9 cylinders.
Cylinder No: Cylinder No: Cylinder No: Cylinder No:

3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3 8 9
Pressure: Pressure: Pressure: Pressure:
40KgF/cm2 63KgF/cm2 8KgF/cm2 8KgF/cm2
For Braking
Operates in For Unit OPU & For Braking system/ service
Condenser MIV/Pressure System air / condenser
mode Reducing line
mode
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UNIT CONTROL BOARD (UCB):
Unit control boards are kept at EL 600. Several panels are there in the UCB in order to control the
operation of the turbine (unit). There are 4 unit control boards, one for each turbine.
(1#MEB30) Unit # MIV OPU Control cubicle:-
This cubicle is used to open and close the spherical valve of the Main inlet valve (MIV). Counter
weights have been provided in the MIV which are operated through the hydraulic mechanism.
When the spherical valve is to be opened, the oil from the air-oil vessel lifts the counter weights; as
a result the spherical valve is opened.
(1#MEX30) Unit # Turbine. Control cubicle:-
From this cubicle the oil transfer pump is controlled. Oil pump cooler and the wicket gates of the
turbine are also controlled through this cubicle.
(1#MEX10) Unit # Governor electronic cubicle:-
This cubicle basically maintains constant rpm of the turbine with the help of actuators. It is hydro
electrical. It also shows the opening of the wicket gates, speed of turbine and power generated. It is
being controlled from the control room with the help of computers.
(1#CJAO1) Unit # Manual Control Cubicle:-
The operations of the turbine are controlled from this cubicle. Turbine can be manually started from
this cubicle In case there is some problem in the control room. Brakes can also be applied from this
cubicle. It also shows the power generated, phase L1 current, phase L2 current, phase L3 current,
frequency, stator voltage, reactive power, phase, rotor voltage and rotor current.
(1#CJAO2) Unit # Alarm & synchronization cubicle:-

In this cubicle various component error are listed. In case of any fault or any warning the alarm
corresponding to that component blows and the corresponding LEDs start blinking. Alarms 1 to 49
are always high priority alarms. Not giving attention to these alarms may result in
machine shutdown. Temperatures of various components of the turbine can also be monitored here. For this
Resistance Temperature detector (RTDs) are installed at various unit components. The RTDs used
here is Pt-100 which gives 100 ohm at 0 C. Temperatures can also be monitored with the help of
o
Dial type thermometer (DTTs) installed in case RTDs fails. Synchronization of the power generated is
also done in this cubicle. When the phase sequence, phase voltage, frequency matches with that of
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power grid, it gets synchronized. For that an electronic device called synchro-tact is installed in that
cubicle which automatically synchronizes power house with the power grid.
Operating a unit from Manual Control Cubicle

1) First the unit cooling water is switched on. The function is to cool the stator windings.
2) Now the command to open the Main inlet valve (MIV) is given the help of electronic switches.
Water is allowed to flow into the spiral cage and rotates the turbine blades. The flow is controlled
through the MIV. In case of maintenance MIV is closed.
3) Now governor is started. This starts the machine. Wicket gate opens and water flows through the
spiral casing, which forces the turbine blades to rotate.
4) Now the field breaker is switched on.
5) Now self-excitation is switched on. In this the generated 15.75KV is tapped and is stepped down
and after converting to DC is fed back to the rotor for the excitation. 11KV line is isolated.
6) The generated voltage is 15.75KV. It is then stepped up to 420KV from the Generating
transformers.
7) The powerhouse is now synchronized with the power grid. For this phase sequence, phase
voltage and frequency are matched with that of power grid. It is done with the help of synchro-tact.
Unit Water MIV Opened Governer Self Stepped upto Synchronized
Cooling Started and Excitation 420 kV to the Grid
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
turned ON Field Breaker ON

ON
Figure 17: Steps in Synchronization

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Machine Operating Modes
1) Turbine Mode: In this mode, the units are operated as a generator. Water strikes the turbine
blades and produce electricity. This is mode usually followed for the machines. Voltage generated is
15.75KV with a frequency of 50Hz.
2) Condenser Mode: The loads are generally of inductive nature. Under heavy inductive load, grid
may collapse. To avoid this capacitive load is needed. This machine can also be used as a motor. First
wicket gates are closed. Then water in the draft tube is compressed with the help of compressed air
at 40KgF pressure which renders the turbine free to move without water friction. Now the machine
is connected to the grid and is run in over excited mode which acts as a capacitor and thus
compensates the power factor due to inductive load. In short, it is used for the power factor
correction.
3) Back to Back mode: This back to back mode will be used in Pump storage plant (PSP). In this the
water will be pumped from the TRT back to HRT and is allowed to fall back on the turbines. Since,
the PSP is an ongoing project so this mode is not used now.
4) Standstill mode: This keeps the machine idle.
Shutdown Modes:
1) Normal Shutdown: This is the machine shutdown mode usually followed. First the machine is
unloaded. When the power becomes 10 to 20 MW, circuit breaker opens. Now the machine is in
spinning mode. Excitation is now switched off i.e. no more DC supply is given to the machine rotor
windings. Now Main Inlet Valve is closed. Field Breaker is then switched off. No more Cooling water
is given to the machine now. F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T
2) Emergency shutdown: It is automatic shutdown in case there some big fault in
the machine. Machine gets switched off automatically. MIV is also automatically closed.
3) Rapid Shutdown: It is similar to Emergency shutdown where Butterfly valve closure

is the additional step.
32
5. G I S
as nsulated witchyard
33
GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (GIS)
After the power is generated and stepped up to 420KV through generating transformers, it is passed
through GIS before sending it to power grid.
a) 3 phase AC wave is first passed through the surge arrestors which arrests the high peaks in
the wave. Basically it is the capacitor which charges and discharges in order to remove those
high peaks.
b) Current transformers are there for the protection. Their rating is 500A/1A.
c) Isolators give option to switch between the bus bars.
d) Circuit breakers are also there, which contains Nitrogen gas to pressurize the oil. Nitrogen
pushes the piston as a result the circuit is completed and the conduction starts. Circuit
breakers here are hydraulic type. The pressure of SF6 in circuit breaker is 6.9MPa.
e) Bus Coupler: - It connects the power generated to the transfer line. B11 is connected to B12
& B21 is connected to B22.
f) Insulation: - For insulation SF6 is used. AS soon as the line charges, spark is generated, SF6
quenches the spark. SF6 is used because Fluorine ions have high electro negativity which
quickly recombines to form SF6.
g) L1 line trap is provided for the hotline communication.
h) Here capacitive voltage transformers are used because it works well on high voltage and are
economical.
i) In GIS red cylinder contains Nitrogen whereas blue cylinders contain SF6.
j) PD Monitoring System: - It monitors and gives visual indication of any faults in GIS bus – bar
due to partial discharge.
k) Buses from here carry power to Koteshwar and from there to Meerut.
Figure 18: Gas Insulated Switchyard (GIS)

MAIN PARTS OF GIS:-
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS- The current transformers installed in metal- enclosed gas

insulated switchgears are of inductive type.An inductive type CT has a straight conductor
passing through the core acts as a single turn primary winding. A CT is similar to a short
circuit transformer: it must not operate with the secondary side open-circuited, because the
voltage peaks of several thousand volts may build up.
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
Inductive voltage transformer module with the separate chamber, single-phase design with
secondary terminal box, SF6 filling, static filter and rupture diaphragm. It is of inductive type
and in a separate compartment. Pressurized gas inside the housing provides insulation. High
voltage terminal is brought out throuh a barrier insulator
GOVERNOR SYSTEM
It is an electromechanical system. Its main function is to regulate the speed of the turbine by
controlling the amount of water entering the wicket gates. It consists of an electromechanical
convertor which converts electrical signal into mechanical signal. This in turn with the help
of a piston governs the pilot valve via which signal is sent to the two servo motors. The servo
motors are mechanically operated, one is for opening the wicket gates and the other one is for
closing the wicket gates.
Fig 6.6 Inside The Governor System

CONCLUSION
The summer training at THDCIL Tehri dam helped me in improving my practical knowledge
and awareness regarding Hydro Generators to a large extent. I learnt the overall schematic
construction of a dam of such huge capacity. Here I learnt about how the electrical
equipments are being operated and how theytackle the various problems under different
circumstances. At least I could say that the training at THDCIL Tehri dam is great experience
for me and it really helped me in developing my knowledge about Hydro generators and
other equipment used in powergeneration.finally, this rare opportunity to witness world’s
third largest dam is an unforgettable experience of a lifetime.

Gunsola Hyadro12

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Tehri Hydro Power Plant | Summer Training Report

Serial Topics Page Number

Name of the Organization Tehri Hydro Development Corporation

Location of Powerhouse Tehri-Garwal, Uttarakhand, India

Duration 09 June, 2014 to July 09th, 2014

Title of Report “Tehri Hydro Power Plant”

Name Vipin tomar

College Dit university dehradun

University Uttarakhand Technical University

I would like to sincerely thank Mr. K.N JOSHI , AGM

THDC, for his immense support and guidance

that has made this training possible. I would also like to

thank Mr. C P Raj (Manager O&M), Mr.SACHIN VYAS

( ENGINNER) for their supervision, Mr. K.S PANWAR (MANAGER)

would like to thank them whole heartedly for the efforts

they put in to make us understand the working and

principle behind every operation.

About Tehri Dam

Catchment Area at Dam: 7511 Km2

Full Reservoir Level (FRL): 830.0m

IV) DIVERSION TUNNEL

Location: 2 Numbers on the left bank of the River & 2 on

Type: Rock Filled Earthen Dam F a r a z A h m a d , Z HC E T

VI) POWER TUNNEL (HRT)

Size & Cross Section: 7m Horse Shoe Shaped

VII) POWER HOUSE

Number & Type: 2 Numbers, 9.0m Horse shoe

IX) GAS INSULATED SWITCHYARD (GIS)

Type: Indoor SF6 Insulated package switchyard

Peak Capacity during the lean period: 1000MW

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS & WORKING

Earth & Rock Fill Dam:

Figure 1: Tehri Dam

Figure 2: Head Race Tunnel (HRT)

Figure 3: Section of BIV(left) and Butterfly Inlet Valve-BIV (right)

Figure 4: Spherical Valve- MIV

Rated Output 255 MW

Figure 5: Diagram showing Turbine Pit and Spiral Cage

Rated Voltage 15.75 KV

Rated power 278MVA

Figure 6: Animated Diagram of a Salient Pole Hydro-Alternator

Total Power 306 MVA

Figure 8: Ventilation Chamber

7. Tailrace Tunnel (TRT):

Figure 9: Tail Race Tunnel (TRT)

Power Generation at Tehri Hydro Power Plant

Figure 10: Plan of Tehri Project

a. Water from the reservoir enters the HRT-1 and HRT-2.

Figure 11: Water Flow Outline Diagram

Figure 12: Static Excitation Scheme

Auto Regulation Cubicle:

Figure 13: Self Excitation Transformer

5) These Pulse transformer smoothen the gate pulses.

Figure 14: Mechanical Brake

2) Hydraulic power is used to operate the vanes and the valves.

3) It consists of two parts:

i) The sensing and signal processing part

ii) The operational part.

Oil Pressure System:

Application of oil pressure system:

Effective Pressure 6.3MPa

Figure 16: Compressor Room

4. There are 4 stages of air compression.