01 Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
distribution of maceral assemblages to the maceral or pre-maceral
01 SOLID F U E L S
Sources, winning, properties
06/00001 Characterization of trace elements in sulphur-rich
Late Permian coals in the Heshan coal field, Guangxi, South
China
Zeng, R. et al. International Journal o[" Coal Geology, 2005, 61, (l 2),
87 95.
The concentration of trace elements and their distribution in the late
Permian coal in the Heshan coal field, Guangxi Autonomous Region,
were analysed in this paper. The late Permian coal of the Heshan
mining district was developed in a low energy and shallow, confined
carbonate platform. Heshan coal is a low volatile bituminous coal
characterized by a high sulfur content, ranging between 2.0% and
8.2%. Compared with the worldwide average content of the trace
elements in coal, the content of some trace element in the study coal is
markedly high (Bi, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zr,
La, Mo, Nb and Sc). The trace element associations were investigated
by means of intracorrelation analysis. Some elements, such as C1, F and
Sr are found in coal in association with the carbonate minerals. V, Cr,
Zn, Mo, Ni and As contents in coal vary significantly among the coal
samples. They are mainly concentrated in the lower part of the coal #4
upper of Suhe and Lilan mines and the coal #4 lower of Dong mine,
and these possibly occurring in minerals such as arsenide and sulfide.
The content of U in Heshan coal is high and is mainly concentrated at
the upper and the lower parts of the coal seam and it is associated with
mineral assemblages with Ba, Mo, V, Ni, Zn, Rb and Cr. Furthermore,
La and Ce are highly correlated with those found in phosphate
minerals and Pb, Sc, Ga, Th, Y and Sn to those in aluminosilicate
minerals. The enrichment of some elements such as V, Cr, Zn, Mo, Ni,
Rb as well as total sulphur and iron in the lower part of most coal
seams might be associated with the formation of soil horizon before the
accumulation of peat in the basin. Some other elements such as CI, F,
Sr and Ca are locally concentrated in the top of specific coal seams as a
result of the leaching from overlying carbonates.
06•00002 Functional groups of fossil marattialeans:
chemotaxonomic implications for Pennsylvanian tree ferns
and pteridophylls
Psenicka, J. et al. International Journal o/'Coal Geology, 2005, 61, (3 4),
259 280.
Marattialean-fossil foliage, assigned to Pecopteris Brongniart, was an
important and widespread floral component in Late Pennsylvanian
mires, with phylogenetic affinity to extant marattialean taxa in tropical
regions. Marattialean fossil taxonomy is, however, still uncertain.
Specimens fi'om the Pilsen limnic Basin, Westphalian D, Czech
Republic, represent fertile marattialean foliage of Pecopteris (Aster-
otheca) nyranensis and Pecopteris (Asterotheca) miltonii, and sterile
foliage of Pecopteris aspidioides and Pecopteris poh'podioides. Taxo-
nomic parameters for their assignments included cuticle, stomatal
morphologies (studied for the first time), and in situ reproductive
organs and spores. Chemotaxonomic interpretations hinge on fidelity
of preserwltion of compounds, or molecular fragments thereof, that
were synthesized by the once-living phmts. This preservation state was
possibly due to the thermal history (maximum temperature of 130°C) in
the Pilsen Basin, acidic preservation conditions, lithology and facies
stability. Although subtle, the four pecopterid species are differentiable
from one another by combined F T I R characteristics, supporting
taxonomy. The ratio of CH2/CH3 is hypothesized to be a chemotaxo-
nomic parameter for Pennsylvanian pteridophylls, both in seed and
true ferns that have previously been studied. It will, however, be
supplemented by additional biochemical markers.
06•00003 Microfacies and depositional environment of
Tertiary Tanjung Enim low rank coal, South Sumatra Basin,
Indonesia
Amijaya, H. and Littke, R. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2005,
61, (3~4), 197 221.
The South Sumatra basin is among the most important coal producing
basins in Indonesia. Results of an organic petrography study on coals
from Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra Basin are reported. The studied
low rank coals have a mean random huminite reflectance between
0.35% and 0.46% and are dominated by huminite (34.6-94.6 vol.%).
Less abundant are liptinite (4.0-61.4 vol.%) and inertinite (0.2-43.9
vol.%). Minerals are found only in small amounts (0-2 vol.%); mostly
as iron sulfide. Based on maceral assemblages, the coals can be
grouped into five classes: (1) humotelinite-rich group, (2) humode-
trinite-rich group, (3) humocollinite-rich group, (4) inertinite-rich
group and (5) humodetrinite-liptinite-rich group. Comparing the
2 Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2006
assemblages in modern tropical domed peat in Indonesia reveals many
similarities. The basal section of the studied coal seams is represented
typically by the humodetrinite-liptinite-rich group. This section might
be derived from sapric or fine hemic peat often occurring at the base of
modern peats. The middle section of the seams is characterized by
humotelinite-rich and humocollinite-rich groups. The precursors of
these groups were hemic and fine hemic peats. The top section of the
coal seams is typically represented by the humodetrinite-rich or
inertinite-rich group. These groups are the counterparts of fibric peat
at the top of the modern peats. The sequence of maceral assemblages
thus represents the change of topogenous to ombrogenous peat and the
development of a raised peat bog. A comparison between the result of
detailed maceral assemblage analysis and the paleodepositional
environment as established from coal maceral ratio calculation
indicates that the use of coal maceral ratio diagrams developed for
other coal deposits fails to deduce paleo-peat development for these
young tropical coals. In particular, mineral distribution and compo-
sition should not be neglected in coal facies interpretations.
06•00004 Petrology of subbituminous feed coal as a guide
to the capture of mercury by fly ash-influence of
depositional environment
Goodarzi, F. International Journal o/" Coal Geology, 2005, 61, (1 2),
1 12.
The mercury and maceral content of subbituminous feed coals burned
at six Canadian power plants was measured and compared to the
mercury and carbon content of corresponding fly ashes. The fly ashes
were collected from electrostatic precipitator (ESP) pollution controls
used at the power plants. Four feed coals from the Upper Cretaceous
to Tertiary age Scollard Formation were deposited in freshwater
depositional environment and contain 35-44% inertinite. Two feed
coals from the Upper Cretaceous age Horseshoe Canyon Formation
were deposited in a brackish water environment and contain 14%
inertinite. The data show that abundant inertinite equates to more
unburned carbon in ESP fly ash, and to enhanced capture of mercury in
cold-side ESP fly ash. This indicates that the inertinite content of a coal
seam may be indicative of the percentage of unburned carbon and the
percentage of mercury captured by a cold-side ESP.
06•00005 Phase-mineral and chemical composition of
composite samples from feed coals, bottom ashes and fly
ashes at the Soma power station, Turkey
Vassilev, S. V. el al. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2005, 61, (1
2), 35 63.
The phase-mineral and chemical composition of feed coals (FCs) and
their bottom ashes (BAs) and fly ashes (FAs) produced in the Soma
thermo-electric power station (TPS), Turkey, was characterized. FCs
are high-ash Soma subbituminous coals abundant in moisture and Ca,
and depleted in S. The inorganic composition (in decreasing order of
significance) of FCs includes calcite, quartz, kaolinite, illite+musco-
vite, chlorite, plagioclase, gypsum, pyrite, montmorillonite, K-feldspar,
dolomite, siderite, ankerite, opal, and volcanic glass. The results for 57
elements studied show that C a > N b > C s > ( V , Li) have significantly
higher contents in FC ashes than the respective Clarke values for coal
ashes. The water-soluble residues isolated from FCs include gypsum,
calcite, inorganic amorphous matter, C a - M g - N a - K phase, and opal.
These residues are enriched in N a > S e > S > B > M g > M o > S r > C a > K .
The phase-mineral composition of BAs and FAs includes mainly glass,
quartz, char, mullite, plagioclase, calcite, and portlandite; and, to a
lesser extent, illite+muscovite, melilite, hematite, anhydrite, lime,
cristobalite, kaolinite, and magnetite. Minor amounts of K-feldspar,
dolomite, ankerite, Fe-spinel, gypsum, and C a - K - N a phase also occur
in BAs and FAs. FAs are enriched in inorganic matter, glass,
cristobalite, mullite, Fe oxides, lime, and anhydrite, and depleted in
mineral matter, char, quartz, clay minerals, melilite, portlandite, and
carbonates in comparison with BAs. Only Se is significantly enriched in
BAs and FAs compared to FC ashes. Most of the trace elements (in
particular As, Bi, Cd, Ge, Pb, Sn, TI, and W) are more abundant in
FAs, while BAs are more enriched in Ca, Cs, Fe, Ho, Mn, P, Sc, Se and
Tb. Significant percentages (11-59%) of elements initially present in
FCs, namely S > S b > S n > T a > M o > B i > Z n > N i > N a > ( L u , Tm)>B,
were emitted by stack emissions and not captured by the cleaning
equipment in the Soma TPS. Some genetic features, properties,
possible environmental concerns, and potential utilization directions
related to FCs, BAs, and FAs are also discussed.
06/00006 Sulfur mobility in peat
Novfik, M. ef al. Applied Geochemisfo', 2005, 20, (4), 673 681.
Lead-210 chronologies, vertical S concentration gradients and ~34S
values are presented for 5 Sphagnum-dominated peat bogs located in
Central Europe (Rybarenska slat and Ocean Bog; Czech Republic) and
the British Isles (Thorne Moors, England; Connemara, Ireland; and
Mull, Scothmd). Sulfur concentrations were measured in three 40-cm
deep peat cores per site, sectioned into 2-cm segments. The coefficient