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© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently


exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–1. Classify each of the following trusses as statically


determinate, statically indeterminate, or unstable. If
indeterminate, state its degree.

a) b = 8, r = 3, j = 6
b + r = 2j
11 6 12
Unstable. Ans.
(a) (b)
b) b = 7, r = 4, j = 5
b + r = 2j
11 7 10
Statically indeterminate to 1o. Ans.

c) b = 13, r = 3, j = 8
b + r = 2j
16 = 16
Statically determinate. Ans. (c)

d) b = 21, r = 3, j = 12
b + r = 2j
24 = 24
Statically determinate. Ans.

(d)

3–2. Classify each of the following trusses as stable, unstable,


statically determinate, or statically indeterminate. If indeterminate,
state its degree.

(a) r = 3
b = 15
j = 9 (a)

3 + 15 = 9(2)
Statically determinate. Ans.

(b) r = 3
b = 11
j = 7
(b)
3 + 11 = 7(2)
Statically determinate. Ans.

(c) r = 3
b = 12
j = 8
(c)
3 + 12 6 8(2)
15 6 16
Unstable. Ans.

48
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–3. Classify each of the following trusses as statically


determinate, indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate,
state its degree.

(b)

(a)

a) By inspection, the truss is internally and externally stable. Here, b = 11,


r = 3 and j = 6. Since b + r 7 2j and (b + r) - 2j = 14 - 12 = 2, the truss is
statically indeterminate to the second degree.

b) By inspection, the truss is internally and externally stable. Here, b = 11,


r = 4 and j = 7. Since b + r 7 2j and (b + r) - 2j = 15 - 14 = 1, the truss is
statically indeterminate to the first degree.

c) By inspection, the truss is internally and externally stable. Here, b = 12,


r = 3 and j = 7. Since b + r 7 2j and (b + r) - 2j = 15 - 14 = 1, the truss is
(c)
statically indeterminate to the first degree.

*3–4. Classify each of the following trusses as statically


determinate, statically indeterminate, or unstable. If
indeterminate, state its degree.

(b)

(a)

a) Here b = 10, r = 3 and j = 7. Since b + r 6 2j, the truss is unstable.

b) Here b = 20, r = 3 and j = 12. Since b + r 6 2j, the truss is unstable.

c) By inspection, the truss is internally and externally stable. Here, b = 8, (c)


r = 4 and j = 6. Since b + r = 2j, the truss is statically determinate.

d) By inspection, the truss is unstable externally since the line of action


of all the support reactions are parallel.

(d)

49
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–9. Determine the force in each member of the truss. 4k 4k


State if the members are in tension or compression.
F E

9 ft 2k
Reactions: D
By = 9.00 k, Dx = 0, Dy = 1.00 k A B C
30
12 ft 12 ft 12 ft
Joint A:
3
+ c a Fy = 0; (F ) - 2 = 0
5 AF
FAF = 3.333 k = 3.33 k (T) Ans.
+ 4
: a Fx = 0; -FAB +
5
(3.333) = 0

FAB = 2.667 k = 2.67 k (C) Ans.

Joint B:

+ c a Fy = 0; 9.00 - (FBF) = 0

FBF = 9.00 k (C) Ans.


+
: a Fx = 0; 2.667 - FBC = 0

FBC = 2.667 k = 2.67 k (C) Ans.

Joint F:
3 3
+ c a Fy = 0; - (F ) - 4 - (3.333) + 9 = 0
5 FC 5
FFC = 5.00 k (T) Ans.
+ 4 4
: a Fx = 0; -FFE - (3.333) + (5.00) = 0
5 5
FFE = 1.333 k = 1.33 k (C) Ans.

Joint C:
3
+ c a Fy = 0; -FCE + (5.00) = 0
5
FCE = 3.00 k (C) Ans.
+ 4
: a Fx = 0; FCD + (2.667) - 5 (5.00) = 0

FCD = 1.333 k = 1.33 k (T) Ans.

Joint D:
3
+ c a Fy = 0; - (F ) + 1 = 0
5 DE
FDE = 1.667 k = 1.67 k (C) Ans.
+ 4
: a Fx = 0; 5
(1.667) - 1.333 = 0 (Check)

55
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–13. Determine the force in each member of the truss 4 kN


and state if the members are in tension or compression. 3m 3m 3m
B C
Support Reactions:
D
a + a MD = 0; 4(6) + 5(9) - Ey (3) = 0 Ey = 23.0 kN
3m
+ c a Fy = 0; 23.0 - 4 - 5 - Dy = 0 Dy = 14.0 kN A 5m
F
+
: a Fx = 0; Dx = 0
E
5 kN
Method of Joints:

Joint D:

FDE a b - 14.0 = 0
5
+ c a Fy = 0;
234
FDE = 16.33 kN (C) = 16.3 kN (C) Ans.

16.33 a b - FDC = 0
+ 3
: a Fx = 0;
234
FDC = 8.40 kN (T) Ans.

Joint E:

FEA a b - 16.33 a b = 0
+ 3 3
: a Fx = 0;
210 234
FEA = 8.854 kN (C) = 8.85 kN (C) Ans.

23.0 - 16.33 a b - 8.854a b - FEC = 0


5 1
+ c a Fy = 0;
234 210
FEC = 6.20 kN (C) Ans.

Joint C:

+ c a Fy = 0; 6.20 - FCF sin 45° = 0

FCF = 8.768 kN (T) = 8.77 kN (T) Ans.


+
: a Fx = 0; 8.40 - 8.768 cos 45° - FCB = 0

FCB = 2.20 kN (T) Ans.

Joint B:
+
: a Fx = 0; 2.20 - FBA cos 45° = 0

FBA = 3.111 kN (T) = 3.11 kN (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; FBF - 4 - 3.111 sin 45° = 0

FBF = 6.20 kN (C) Ans.

Joint F:

+ c a Fy = 0; 8.768 sin 45° - 6.20 = 0 (Check!)

+
: a Fx = 0; 8.768 cos 45° - FFA = 0

FFA = 6.20 kN (T) Ans.

59
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*3–16. Determine the force in each member of the truss. F E


State if the members are in tension or compression.

B
30 30

45 45
A C
Joint E: 30 30

+ c a Fy = 0; FEA = FEC 2m 2m

+
: a Fx = 0; 2.31 - 2 FEA sin 30° = 0 2 kN

FEA = 2.31 kN (C) Ans.


FEC = 2.31 kN (T) Ans.

Joint A:
+
: a Fx = 0; 2.31 - 2.31 sin 30° - FAB cos 30° + FAD cos 45° = 0

+ c a Fy = 0; 2 - 2.31 cos 30° + FAD sin 45° - FAB sin 30° = 0


FAD = 2.24 kN (T) Ans.
FAB = 3.16 kN (C) Ans.

Joint B:
+
: a Fx = 0; FBC = 3.16 kN (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; 2(3.16) sin 30° - FBD = 0

FBD = 3.16 kN (C) Ans.

Joint D:
FDC = 2.24 kN (T) Ans.

62
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–29. Determine the forces in all the members of the K J


lattice (complex) truss. State if the members are in tension L
or compression. Hint: Substitute member JE by one placed
between K and F.

I H
12 ft

E
G F
Si = S¿ i + X (Si)
FKF = 1.5 + 1(x) = 0; x = - 1.5 6 ft

D
Thus: A
FAB = 0 Ans. B C
FAG = 1.50 k (C) Ans. 6 ft 12 ft 6 ft
FGB = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
2k
FGL = 0.500 k (C) Ans.
FGI = 0.707 k (C) Ans.
FLI = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FLK = 0.500 k (C) Ans.
FIK = 0.707 k (C) Ans.
FIF = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FBF = 2.12 k (T) Ans.
FBC = 1.00 k (C) Ans.
FFC = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FFH = 2.12 k (T) Ans.
FKH = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FKJ = 1.50 k (C) Ans.
FJH = 2.12 k (T) Ans.
FCD = 0 Ans.
FDE = 0.500 k (C) Ans.
FCE = 0.707 k (C) Ans.
FHE = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FJE = 1.50 k (C) Ans.

70
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2014
Author: File:
Address: Project: Structure

Correction for N= 29
View - FX (kN) Cases: 1 (DL1)

NB: "si"
Negative--> Tension
Positive--> Compression

Date : 21/02/15 Page : 1


View - FX (kN) Cases: 1 (DL1)
NB: "Final Fi"
Negative--> Tension
Positive--> Compression
Correction N= 29
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–30. Determine the force in each member and state if the 4 kN 4 kN


members are in tension or compression.
1m 1m 1m
E D

1m

F
C

2m
Reactions:
A x = 0, A y = 4.00 kN, By = 4.00 kN

A B
Joint A:
+
: a Fx = 0; FAD = 0 Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; 4.00 - FAF = 0; FAF = 4.00 kN (C) Ans.

Joint F:

a+ a Fy = 0; 4.00 sin 45° - FFD sin 18.43° = 0

FFD = 8.944 kN = 8.94 kN (T) Ans.

+Q a Fx = 0; 4.00 cos 45° + 8.94 cos 18.43° - FFE = 0

FFE = 11.313 kN = 11.3 kN (C) Ans.

Due to symmetrical loading and geometry


FBC = 4.00 kN (C) FCE = 8.94 kN (T) Ans.
FBE = 0 FCD = 11.3 kN (C) Ans.

Joint E:
+
: a Fx = 0; -FED + 8.944 cos 26.56° + 11.31 cos 45° = 0

FED = 16.0 kN (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; -4 - 8.944 sin 26.56° + 11.31 sin 45° = 0 (Check)

71
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–33. Determine the force in each member of the space z


truss and state if the members are in tension or compression.
Hint: The support reaction at E acts along member EB. 2m
Why? E
B

5m
3m
C

3m

A
D y

x 4m
6 kN

Method of Joints: In this case, the support reactions are not required for
determining the member forces.

Joint A:

FAB a b - 6 = 0
5
a Fx = 0;
2 29
FAB = 6.462 kN (T) = 6.46 kN (T) Ans.

FAC a b - FAD a b = 0
3 3
a Fz = 0; 5 5
FAC = FAD [1]

FAC a b + FAD a b - 6.462 a b = 0


4 4 2
a Fy = 0; 5 5 2 29
FAC + FAD = 3.00 [2]

Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields


FAC = FAD = 1.50 kN (C) Ans.

Joint B:

FBC a b - FBD a b = 0
3 3
a Fx = 0; FBC = FBD [1]
238 2 38

FBC a b + FBD a b - 6.462a b = 0


5 5 5
a Fz = 0;
238 238 229
FBC + FBD = 7.397 [2]

Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields

FBC = FBD = 3.699 kN (C) = 3.70 kN (C) Ans.

2 c3.699 a b d + 6.462a b - FBE = 0


2 2
a Fy = 0;
238 229
FBE = 4.80 kN (T) Ans.

Note: The support reactions at supports C and D can be determined by analyzing


joints C and D, respectively using the results oriented above.

74
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–34. Determine the force in each member of the space z


truss and state if the members are in tension or compression. 1m
The truss is supported by ball-and-socket joints at C, D, E,
1m G
and G. Note: Although this truss is indeterminate to the first
degree, a solution is possible due to symmetry of geometry
and loading.
E A

2m D F  3 kN

2 2 4
a (MEG)x = 0; FBC(2) + FBD(2) -
5
(3)(2) = 0
25 25 x
C
FBC + FBD = 2.683 kN 2m B

Due to symmetry: FBC = FBD = 1.342 = 1.34 kN (C) Ans.


1.5 m y
Joint A:

4
a Fz = 0; FAB -
5
(3) = 0

FAB = 2.4 kN (C) Ans.

a Fx = 0; FAG = FAE

3 3 3
a Fy = 0; 5
(3) - FAE - FAG = 0
25 25
FAG = FAE = 1.01 kN (T) Ans.

Joint B:

1 1 1 1
a Fx = 0; (1.342) +
3
FBE - (1.342) - FBG = 0
3
25 25
2 2 2 2
a Fy = 0; (1.342) - F
3 BE
+ (1.342) - FBG = 0
3
25 25
2 2
a Fz = 0; F
3 BE
+ FBG - 2.4 = 0
3

FBG = 1.80 kN (T) Ans.

FBE = 1.80 kN (T) Ans.

75
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

3–38. Determine the force in members BE, DF, and BC of z


the space truss and state if the members are in tension or E
compression. D

2m 2m
2m
F
A C
y
x
3m 2m
B 2 kN

Method of Joints: In this case, the support reactions are not required for
2 kN
determining the member forces.

Joint C:

a Ft = 0; FCD sin 60° - 2 = 0 FCD = 2.309 kN (T)

a Fx = 0; 2.309 cos 60° - FBC = 0


FBC = 1.154 kN (C) = 1.15 kN (C) Ans.

Joint D: Since FCD, FDE and FDF lie within the same plane and FDE is out of
this plane, then FDE = 0.

FDF a b - 2.309 cos 60° = 0


1
a Fx = 0;
213
FDF = 4.16 kN (C) Ans.
Joint R:

FBE a b - 2 = 0
1.732
a Ft = 0;
213
FBE = 4.16 kN (T) Ans.

78

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