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555 Variable Oscillator Circuit

This variable oscillator circuit uses the 555 IC in astable mode to produce
square waves. It is a variable frequency square wave generator, which allows
the frequency to be set using a variable resistor. If you are building a stepper
motor driver circuit, then you will need a square wave oscillator to feed the
logic circuit. Usually, stepper motors require a very slow pulse therefore; I
have designed this circuit to produce a frequency of 3.18 Hz when the
potentiometer resistance is zero. This should be slow enough to produce
approximately 1 rpm, depending upon the stepper motor you use. On the other
extreme of the potentiometer (220-kΩ), the frequency will be 120 Hz, which
would be fast enough for approximately 35 rpm.

Frequency Calculation

To calculate the frequency, we use this standard formula for an astable


configuration.

Remember, that R2 is the sum of 220 kΩ potentiometer and 1-kΩ fixed


resistor. R1=10 kΩ, and C=1µF.

We now repeat for the same formula, except this time, the variable resistor is
in the minimum position with zero ohms. This means that R2 is 1-kΩ.

Of course, you can adjust the component values shown in the 555 astable
article to suit your specific needs based on the model of stepper motor you
have. It is extremely simple to calculate the frequency because resistance R2
(in the formula) is a combination of the fixed 1-kΩ resistor and variable 220-
kΩ variable resistor.

The output of the variable oscillator circuit feeds the clock input of the stepper
motor logic circuit as shown in the in the following list of articles.

This Article Continues...

Stepper Motor Driver Using MOSFET


Stepper Motor Logic Circuit
555 Variable Oscillator Circuit

Dictionary of Digital Terms


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Author: Peter J. Vis


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