Passage-1

It is said that nuclear weapons have made wars too horrible to contemplate. Yet every nation on earth
feels, in helpless terror, that such a war might come.

The overwhelming majority of mankind – the people who die on the battlefields or starve and perish
among the ruins – do not want war. They never wanted it. Yet wars have kept erupting throughout the
centuries, like a long trail of blood underscoring mankind’s history.

Men are afraid that war might come because they know, consciously or subconsciously, that they have
never rejected the doctrine which causes wars, which has caused the wars of the past and can do it
again – the doctrine that it is right or practical or necessary for men to achieve their goals by means of
physical force (by initiating the use of force against other men) and that some sort of “good” can justify
it. It is the doctrine that force is a proper or unavoidable part of human existence and human societies.

Observe one of the ugliest characteristics of today’s world: the mixture of frantic war preparations with
hysterical peace propaganda, and the fact that both come from the same source – from the same
political philosophy. The bankrupt, yet still dominant, political philosophy of our age is statism.

Observe the nature of today’s alleged peace movements. Professing love and concern for the survival of
mankind, they keep screaming that the nuclear-weapons race should be stopped, that armed force
should be abolished as a means of settling disputes among nations, and that war should be outlawed in
the name of humanity. Yet these same peace movements do not oppose dictatorships; the political
views of their members range through all shades of the statist spectrum, from welfare statism to
socialism to fascism to communism. This means that they are opposed to the use of coercion by one
nation against another, but not by the government of a nation against its own citizens; it means that
they are opposed to the use of force against armed adversaries; but not against the disarmed.

Consider the plunder, the destruction, the starvation, the brutality, the slave-labor camps, the torture
chambers, the wholesale slaughter perpetrated by dictatorships. Yet this is what today’s alleged peace-
lovers are willing to advocate or tolerate – in the name of love for humanity.

Ques 1. From the fourth paragraph, it can be derived that Statism means _____________________.

1) the doctrine of vesting economic control in a centralized government Correct Answer.

2) the socio-economic policy of today`s world You Answered.

3) the root cause of all political evil

4) the absoluteness of the state

5) a constitutional paradigm when there is an implied limitation by the state

Ques 2. `Bankrupt` in the fourth paragraph stands for _________________.

1) something that is out of picture

2) something that has failed Correct Answer.

3) something that is closed

4) something that is impoverished You Answered.

5) something that is dormant