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American Academy Larnaca

Year 5 Test
Double Science
Physics
Topic P2.9: As fast as you can!
Thursday 21 May 2009
Structured questions
Time: 20 minutes

FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.

displacement s
average velocity = v=
time t

change in velocity (v − u )
acceleration = a=
time t

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

SQ PAPER 1 Turn over

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1. Babs and Sunita are investigating the physics of ten-pin bowling.

Babs measures the time taken

for the ball to travel down
the bowling alley.

The length of the alley is 18 m.

The time taken for the ball to travel down the alley is 2.4 s.
(a) Calculate the average velocity of the ball.

18 / 2.4 (1)

= 7.5 (2)

average velocity = ………………………… m/s

[2 marks]

(b) Explain why this is an average velocity.

Speed {not constant / decreases} (not {increases / fluctuates}), Velocity {changes / varies / alters}
Velocity not constant because ball {does not move in a straight line / swerves / spins}
Reject: speed {increases / fluctuates (implies going up as well)}
[1 mark]

The mass of each pin is 1.5 kg.

The ball hits just one pin with a force of 90 N.
(c) Calculate the initial acceleration of the pin.

90 = 1.5 × a
a=F/m
a = 90 / 1.5 (1)

= 60 (2)

acceleration = ................................... m/s2

[2 marks]

[Total for Q1: 5 marks] {5}

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SQ PAPER 2 Turn over

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2. Mr Southwell is using a modified air-hockey table to demonstrate momentum.

small puck

large puck

The small puck has a mass of 0.15 kg and the large puck has a mass of 0.25 kg.
The small puck is travelling at 3 m/s.
(a) Calculate its momentum. Give the unit.
0.15 × 3 (1)
= 0.45 (2)
kg m s–1 / N s (1) (independent)

= 0.75 (large pack) (1)

150 × 3 (1)

momentum = …………………………
[3 marks]

Tiny jets of air are emitted from the surface of the table.
(b) Explain the purpose of these air jets.
reduce friction
Ignore: floating, make puck move further / easier
Reject: to increase speed / momentum
[1 mark]

(c) The small puck hits the large puck with a force of 20 N.
(i) State the size and direction of the reaction force.
20 N / equal force + in opposite direction / backwards / NW / towards small puck / away from large
Ignore: arrows
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the large puck at impact.
20 = 0.25 × a
a = 20 / 0.25 (1)

= 80 (2)

= 133 (small puck) (1)

Reject: mass = 0.4 kg (pucks stick)
acceleration = ......................................... m/s2
[2 marks]

[Total for Q2: 7 marks] {12}

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3. The photograph shows an osprey as she flies

at a constant speed and at a constant height.

(a) Complete the diagram below to show accurately all the forces acting on the osprey.

Reject:
Forces not {vertical / horizontal} lift
Sankey type arrows
Arrows not starting from CoM

Label: drag / air resistance

thrust Size = thrust (10 % tolerance)

Label: weight / gravity

Size = lift (10% tolerance)

any 2 points = 1 mark; 4 points = 2 marks

[2 marks]

(b) (i) Which force must the osprey increase to accelerate forwards?

thrust / forward force

[1 mark]

(ii) The osprey needs to lose height.

1. Which force does she need to make smaller?

Force = lift / upthrust

2. Suggest how she can do this.

She makes it smaller by ……………………………………………………………………………

reducing {surface area / flap rate} of wings

tucking wings in / lowering wings / tilting / diving downwards
Ignore: reference to streamlining
[2 marks] {17}

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(iii) When the osprey catches a fish, she grips it so that the fish points forwards.

Suggest in terms of forces why she does this.

reduce {drag / air /wind resistance}

accept force reason: easier to {hold / fly} (by reducing wind resistance)
Ignore: reference to {streamlining / aerodynamic shape / weight distribution}
[1 mark]

(c) The diagram below shows the vertical forces as the osprey rises with her catch.

lift

25 N

The osprey rises upwards with a vertical acceleration of 6 m/s2.

Calculate the size of the lift force.
The mass of the osprey and fish is 2.5 kg.

6 × 2.5 = 15 N (1)

25 + 15 = 40 N (2)

Ignore incorrect units where given throughout paper

Lift = ………………………… N
[2 mark]

[Total for Q3: 8 marks]

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TOTAL FOR STRUCTURED QUESTIONS PAPER: 20 MARKS

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SQ PAPER 5 Turn over

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Bonus Question

(a) Is momentum a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain.

Vector + has direction

[1 mark]
Crash tests are important for improving the safety characteristics of cars.
Data is collected using data loggers.

The following graph is obtained during one such test by crashing a car on a wall.

velocity 20
(m/s)
15

10

0 time (s)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-5

-10

(b) How long did the actual crash (contact with the wall) last for? 0.05 sec / 50 ms
[1 mark]
The driver’s torso (upper part of the body) is approximated to have a mass of 40 kg.
(c) Calculate the momentum of the torso immediately before and after the crash.
Immediately before: Immediately after:

40 × 20 40 × (–) 5 (1)

= 800 kg m s–1 (1) = (–) 200 kg m s–1 (1)

If only 800 kg m s–1 and (–) 200 kg m s–1 => 3 marks

Otherwise we remove marks by discretion (and probably after texting each other ☺)

Momentum before = ………………………… Momentum after = …………………………

[3 marks]

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The average exerted force can be calculated as

change in momentum
Average force =
time taken

(d) Calculate the average force acting on the driver during the crash.

(800 + 200) / 0.05 (1)

= 20 000 N (2)

((800 – 200) / 0.05 = 12 000 N (1)

Force = …………………………
[2 marks]

One of the effects of crumple zones is that they allow the car to stop in a collision instead of bouncing back.
(e) Explain why if the car does not bounce back but stops over the same collision time the force that the
driver experiences decreases.

final momentum {zero / less / decreases} (1)

change in momentum {less / decreases} (1)

{change in speed/velocity} smaller (1)

acceleration increases (1)
Ignore: final speed {zero / less}

[2 marks]

Without a safety belt the collision time is less by up to 5 times.

(f) Explain why the force on the driver can increase up to 5 times.

divide (same momentum change) by a number 5 × smaller

momentum changes 5 × faster
5 × larger acceleration because velocity changes 5 × faster
divide velocity change by a number 5× smaller

[1 mark]

[Total for Bonus Question: 10 marks]

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END

SQ PAPER 7