Active vs seal type

Morphology

Activity Dissolution speed

High purity

Reduced loading

Quality

Stability
Morphology in Rubber

SILOX wet process ZnO (45m²/gr.)

The efficiency of zinc oxide during

vulcanisation is improved by
maximising contact between zinc
oxide particles and the
components of formulation. Higher
efficiency is obtained with high
surface area small particles
uniformly dispersed throughout
the rubber matrix.

White seal/red seal ZnO (5m²/gr.)

 ZnO active grades
in
rubber application’s
 ZnO reduction
Rheometer data at 150°C SIR 10 Natural
100 100
ASTM D 2084-95 Rubber

Torque(pi) Red seal 5 Actif 3 Carbon black N660 35 35

Stearic acid 2 2
Maximum 69,31 68,65
Permanax TQ 1,25 1,25
Minimum 12,74 12,35
MBI 1,25 1,25
Ts2 3,92 4,25
Plasticiser DOP 3 3
Tc 90% 11,67 12,33 Red Seal ZnO 5 0
Money at 121°C Active ZnO 0 3
ASTM D 1646-96
Sulphur 2,5 2,5
Initial viscosity 65,30 64,60 Accelerator CBS 0,8 0,8
Min. viscosity 42,30 42,40 Density 1,090 1,075
5 point rise ' 22,56 22,14
35 point rise ' 28,07 27,09
Mechanical properties
ASTM D 412-92; D 2240-95; D-395-96 Equivalent despite
Elongation at beak (%) 620 605
strong ZnO reduction
Tensile strength (psi) 3970 4030
Shore (shore A) 53 53
Compression set (%) 19,8 20
X-density (10-4 moles/cm3) 0,988 0,984
 SILOX Actif Free Flowing®
EPDM (70 ±3 Sh-A, temp. resistant connector for solar panels )

Formulation phr Rheological properties (170°C) ZnO* SILOX ZnO SILOX Actif
5phr Actif Free Flowing®
EPDM 9500 75 2,5phr
2,5phr
EPDM 2504 25
T90 4.72 4.41 4.01
Stearic acid 2 Ts2 1.45 1.41 1.37
ZnO Var. ML 6.5 5.5 5.1
Crosslinking rate 18.6 20.7 20.2
TMQ 0.5
Black FEF 550 140
Paraffinic Oil 85 Mechanical properties (initial)
MBT 0.8 Tensile strength at break (MPa.) 12.9 12.6 12.8
ZEDC 0.6 Elongation (%) 364 365 343
CS, 72h 70°C (%) 24.1 22.8 22.6
ZBDC 0.6
Mechanical properties (7 days 70°C)
DTDM 0.6
Tensile strength at break (%) -2.7 -2.8 -3.2
Sulphur 0.6
Elongation (%) -7.8 -7.2 -8
Mechanical properties (7 days 100°C)
Tensile strength at break (%) -11.8 -10.4 -6.5
Elongation (%) -23.5 -12.9 -10.9

* Red seal or white seal zinc oxide depending on regional specifications.

Higher stability !!!!!
 SILOX Free Flowing® active ZnO
NR formulation 150°C
Formulation phr Rheology
TSR 10 80 Mixer Hot Hot
BR 1220L 20 Mixing 1 pass 1 pass
N347 55
Type ZnO Low surface Active ZnO
S. naph oil 7
Phr ZnO 2,5 2,5
Stearic Ac 2,5
CBS 0,8 Ts2 3,11 2,50
6PPD 2 T90 7,15 6,69
TMQ 1 ML 10,32 9,24
Sulfur 2,3 MH 37,77 36,94
ZnO Var. Crosslinking rate 27,45 27,71
Mechanical properties
TS (Mpa.) 18 21,4
Elong. (%) 280 330
Tear (kN/m) 32 44
CS (72h, 70°C) 20 16
Hardness (Sh A) 66 70,5
ZnO active grades
Purity
 Purity

Example of specifications
Thermal process Thermal process Wet process
Usual ZnO pharma grade ZnO SILOX :
composition: composition: ZnO=94% min
ZnO=99,7 % min. ZnO=99,8 % min.

Pb=500 ppm Pb=20 ppm Pb=20 ppm

Cu=10 ppm Cu=10 ppm Cu=7 ppm
Cd=400 ppm Cd=10 ppm Cd=2 ppm
Mn=10 ppm Mn=5 ppm Mn=4 ppm

SILOX ZnO purity is equivalent to pharmaceutical grade

 Purity

Zn ZnO/Zn(OH)2

ZnO +Zn(OH)2 ±99 % of the composition

A better definition should be stated as:

Equivalent ZnO content: > 94 % (ISO 9298:1995)

Active content ±99%

Although it is pure zinc material, Zn(OH)2 gives a lower zinc ion content in 100gr (due to higher MW).
 SILOX Active

DISPERSION Wet process = Ideal microstructure

Crumbly structure
Superior dispersability
ENVIRONMENT Low level of impurities (Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu).
Reduced Zinc content
Active zinc oxides are also well known to
reduce the level of nitrosamine
QUALITY Mechanical properties: unchanged or
improved
No blooming
New performance in mould fouling
COST SAVING Dispersability
Cycle time
Zinc Content