Test It Fix It - English Verbs & Tenses - Intermediate

Contents
()XFORD
1'Nl \'ll~ ""Il"Y Pl(l-.SS
How to use Test it, Fix it 4
(";"':1 1 Clarendo n Street, Ox for d OX 2 6D P
O xf ord U n iv ersity Press is a department o f the U n iv ersit y of Ox ford . Present tenses 6
It 1IIIthers the University's objective of excellence in research,

I:h' dnrs h ip. and educa tion by p ub lis hing w or ldwide in Used to, would, be used to, get used to 10
Ox for d N ew York
/\ ll4'kl:lnd Bang kok Buenos Ai res Cape To w n Chennai
Present pe rfect o r past simple? 14
Dill us S alaam De lhi Hong Kong Ist anb u l Karachi Kolkat8

Present perfect simple o r
Ku nl a l .umpur Madrid M el bo u rn e M e x ico City Mu m bai Nairobi

S I" I Paul o Shanqhai Taipei Tokyo Toronto present perfect continuous? 18
Ch l ll ,, 10I 1ll i Ox for d Enqlish are re(listered trade marks o f Since, for and ago 22
I )xl ",,1 Uuiver sity Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Past tenses 26
«n K'mll" Bourko 20 03
110" 11l111al II ~J II1 S o f th e author have been asserte d
T he fu t u re 30
I l n l nil l " ;u riUlot Oxford University Press (maker) Second and t hird conditiona ls 34
I II ~ t pnill fslwd 2003
I lwei 1I11pre% IUn 20 0 3

Reported speec h (1) 38
N o un aut h ori zed pho toco py ing Reported speech (2) 42
/\11 I illlol ~; re serv ed . No part o f this publ ication may be reproduced, T he passiv e (1) 46
,I
tllilld i n re trieval s y ste m, or transmitted , in any form or by any
IIIUOIIS. without the prior permis sion in wr itin ~l of Ox ford University T he passiv e (2) 50
Plll ~ H, ()I 11S expressly permitted by law, or under te rm s agreed

wl lil tllH appr opr iate reprog raphics rig ht s orqanlzat ion . Enqu iries Have/Get something done 54
Cll nci ll fl ino rup roduction outside the scope of the above shou ld
hu IIUli t to the ELT Rig hts Depart m ent, Oxford Univer sity Press.
II tllli fld clru s s above
Relative clauses 58
Von must not Circu la te t h is book in any other binding or cov er
Modal verbs 62
'1I 1l1vou IIIl1s l impose t his same condition on any acqu ire r
Modals in the past 66
/\lIy wu hsi tus referred to in th is pu b licatio n are in the pub lic doma in
I/Id Ih u il nclelrusses are provided by Oxford University Press fo r
Verb patterns 70
Iu tuunn tion only. Oxfor d U n iv ersit y Press disclaims any
rlJlIllllllllilJlli ty for t he content

Act ion and state verbs 74
ISII N 0 1!J 43H07t1 2

Confusin g ve rbs 78
ll lu utratud hv Tamsin Cook Phrasa l verbs 82
11) )( 1 lnvo ut l i nd dusiUn by
C/'Irll i l/ idll" Publishinn Management Ltd
State and action verbs 86
1'I IIItuclill CI1I/I:'

Table of verb forms 87
List of irregular vorb 88
Test it, Fix it is a series of books desig ned to help you id ent ify any problems Test it again (Seco nd pagel
y o u may have in Eng lish, an d to fix th e problems. Each Test it, Fix it book I",,,,, If ~ !.I" '" e,
o .•
... " .._. ~
,
""
~ ,,_ .
_..•• ' '., ••~ ~. , . ••
has twenty tests which concen t ra te on m istakes commo n ly made by learners.
fest it, Fix it has an un usual forma t . You start at the first page of each u nit, ' " ".......;: .":':':.~,:: ;;:~:::~
I!!I • () Do Test it again, exercise 1.
then go to t he third pag e, th en to th e second pag e. Here's how it works :
· : :;-...::: ~;~.'..:. .:.:~~.A; :: ; :;:. ~·:~ . :;: , ~:·t..' :'·
I :.:: :'.~_. " .

Test it (Fi rst p agel
• ~ .~ " •• •• ,. ' , 1• . _ " 1..-. I
o Do Test it again, exercise 2.
'
..... .,-
.....
. ,. '.-,
~'--. "
... . .. . · R
, .
.
A •
" ~
o First do Test it, exercise 1. o Go to the Fix it page and check your
.,
~ ~::!:::·::~··~:X·',7·::: ...,•...-. answers .

. .. . . ,. ,'. ·u .." ..... , ••
: :- ::::'~:';"~':::'::- .... • <
~l~~~~:~t:;~:;i~·~·':
.·:.
e Then do Test it, exercise 2. Fix it (T hird pag el
_ .. ...1 I .. I"~JA •• , ~ , .11' 1<.,"(l r... .lI "
'• •~" ·1..• • • •·,.,, '"" , ...r .~ lI\ ., (.,,~ m •.• •
...·"""! r...,(·',"... I,,''' ... .v .,, '~l' ''' nl s.
""'f'i:!""U ', ' ~:]) ~' I '." ,. (I"' ''' Ill . .. ......
CD Check your answers.

'*'l 1" .('A >~ l ,' (."
c.
e Go to the Fix it page and check your

lJ ~I .....ll. "f..:·mtr ~f "l-" ('I '.''''r., ''.tr
o /><>,-,el'£ co w '1<:1 eus' ....,1> cen;:;" ''- N t ~
e ,g, .I"-''''/'', be'1'c-.'~ .. ~!.:-, A,'1C11\". "«t'
' ~"~ p ·1." Ic," INfre' <! .In ::t.,,·u
...' me
answers before yo u do Test it again.

I k " ,·"·" •• ",,,,,,~ ,,,,,.
R .... ,r· .-. I); Il}o· t'!-' rv , ~ !lr
-''''' 11'l. '>
Fix it (Th ird pagel
o Check you r answers. I.l .. ~ , ,,,, () '~ ~ r. M ~, rr.P I~
1 ~,n l ~~ 4I'I ~t ·,,'t;-· ..

10 I~U aee..,
You can fo ld the page to

make it eas ier to check.
IJ :..' tl'l~ "r~~cr ll ~i 'rl:llc 10 1~ , 1 ~t;.;o ..,
11'l'~ ~ t l'l~ 01'-:-p::o "J n )~l!'. cr JI.~~·,, ~ O R~ "'J "'"
Review (Fourth pag el
t llJ~ , J~ .J ".. :""t~ co ndurc ...., 1 ~~ f1 l oe" '~ ~ "
C . ... , r>o ~~_ "" • ., ~

,
---...
"'
._,''',,,,,
, . ,. :::-..
use lh ~ Dt ~ ~ ~ n l ,,," !,;I~ to L,II eto 1
o t' ,: .) 1 ~' ., ~ d u' p ~ u. . . .
~ i , ,, 'l~ ~~
- ~:~. :::~~:.:.~~::.:.::~.~~:: . :: ,:',:.~.'. ' "
Pl."
~ Q . ff ),,· . i <T O:- I -tl:;J I ~ ~
Wr ong answer7 Look for the · ,.. - ., ~ , _ .~ .

-" - -
..... " u
IJ ~ P I ' I .. . '.n..' II'...J"t"'Io ' ......II. I .·. ""l,...·_•• .._ , _
" H · .,..........-
..
........'
Fix it note letter you need . ~ !Jr,;>Ul l"i ..)~ 1 ~1,,1 ", ' "
'Jr "'-'"',..",'} . ~
1.... i.V~ I .. "U " lil l"
i.. ,I. .. " " "~ " "
· . ........ ~ ,._,
_ .'
-' ' .
.,... _ . -
111o)1""" j ~-
vr',.f''' '-'-J'' 'U ~.. · . I ~ """' I'lJ i ,, ~ -,

e
L1~ .. 1.11.. ~"' '''' ''' '' '. ~v... I\,.. t~""' ~ 11.1 , .. II
-
,
..... _,
,""'
.-
. ~"
"'
.. ,
"' -.
-.
fD You can read this page at any
I Il QUl l' li, 'il~ ; I-..
.. j " I.. l ... , ' ~ ."'" V
·-"" .:.:::;::-....
o To understand why you made •
=;~:::;:~,:~~::.~"::; ;.
_••
· 4 _
,~
1 ~
_"'f>K._
_
.
_ _ ....
••• • • • ·, .. •
~
A ~ - . .·,
t ime. It gives you extended Fix it
notes and example sentences. It 's
a mistake, r ead the Fix it note.
• _ , -...Joo .
If y ou need more inf ormation,

·~f~~:El~~~~:::~· · ··· · ·· _ · ·· desi gned to give you a su mmary
of the grammar you need f or the
rond the Review page as well.
w hole test.
o Now go back to the socond page and do Test it again.

Present tenses
Test it ~ Test it again ~

o Whic h d escription (1-5) fits each sentence (a-j)? o Complete t he dia logue b et w een two frie nds at a party. Use the present s imple
and contin uous forms of the verbs in b rackets .
1 A routi ne or habit
2 Somethi ng ha ppe ning no w

J ackie: Lisa ! Great t o see y o u agai n. I a .. ... . ...". " ...." ... (not / t hin k)
3 An officia l sc he dule d or ti metabled event I've even spoke n to y o u since Richard's w eddin g last month .
4 A future persona l arrangement
5 Somethi ng perman ent or a lw ays true
How b " you " " " " .." ................... (g et o n )?
Li sa: OK, t hanks. W hat about y o u? c " y o u st ill
a Dav id goes fo r a run every day.
b I' m meet ing George and Phil at the jazz concert .

.. (go o ut) w it h J o nat han?
c Look! The dog's digg ing a hole i n your garden agai n.

Jack ie: No, I'm not. He d " ." (g o ou t ) w ith Caro l no w .
d She co m es f rom Barcelona .
e She's playing tenn is wi t h J o h n lat er.
Lisa : Ie .." " (not / believe ) it ! Carol f ro m t he toyshop?
f The tra in leaves at 20.08.
Jackie : Oh, no . Thi s is a differe nt Caro l. Sh e f '" (co m e)
9 W e' re going ou t at eig ht t hirty to nig ht. f ro m Brazil. She's unbelievabl y pretty and ve ry nice. Lo o k! Sh e
h If you put oil i n w ater, it floa ts.
The fi l m starts at seve n ex act ly so do n't be late.
9 " " ." (st and ) over there next t o J u li an .
Ice m elts in hot weath er.
Lisa: The one w ho h . . .. .. .. ....."" .." (laugh)?
(g et) used to the
e Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use t he present simp le or Jackie: Yes, that's t he o ne. An yw ay, l ' .
id ea no w . I can't lo ve Jonathan if he i .. (no t! lov e)
conti nuo us .
me, and afte r all there are plenty of ot her nice me n about.
II If I say I love yo u, I (m ea n) it !
b
c
Please be quiet. You (make) so much no ise I ca n't concentrate.
Sam (pl ay) a lot of footb all th es e days. He w an ts t o g et f it .
e Choose t he correct quotation in each p a ir.

d Th e rehearsal (f inish ) at four so I'll be bac k at half pas t .
a A I'm lov ing deadlines. I like t he whooshi ng sou nd they make as th ey f ly by.
e (y ou / be li eve) in life after death ? B I love dead lines. I like t he who o shin g so und they make as they f ly by.
f They (speak) Spanish and Catala n in Barcelo na. Doug las Adams
9 W hat lang uag e (she / speak)? I can't unde rstand what she's say ing ! b A I am nev er fo rg etting a face, bu t in you r case I' ll be glad 10 make an
h Sid's reall y cle ver. He (u nd erst and) q uantu m ph ys ics . exc ept io n.
The sun (set) in t he wes t. B I neve r forget a face, but in your case I'll be g lad to ma ke a n except ion.
W hat (y o u / d o ) late r? Do you fancy going out? Grouch o Ma rx
c A It's not th at I' m afra id to die, I' m just not wan ting t o be th ere w hen it
happe ns .
B It's not t hat I'm afraid to die, I just d on't wa nt to be th ere when it happe ns.
Wood y Allen
d A Co ffee in Eng land alw ays tas tes like a che mi st ry 'ex per irn ent.
Coffee in EIlU1iJil d is alwa ys ta stinq li ke a che m istry ex per i m e nt.
A Uiltl1 " Ct uin tu:
I 1'''1 I I
B
~
f2) [mlD Present tenses
Answers to Test it
Check your answers. Wrong answer?
Fix it notes o Review
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A Present tenses
Use the present simp le to talk abo ut
! I~ 8 1 ~ A f 3 ~ C Present simple
ro utin es and habit s.
b4 ~ F 9 4 ~ F
c 2 ~ 0 h 5 ~ B • You use th e prese nt si m ple to talk about peop le's rou tines and habits.
B David goes for a run every morning. We always spend the summer in Greece.
d5 ~ B i 3 ~ C
Use the present simple to ta lk about
e 4 ~ F j5~ B
thi ng s t hat are permanen t or always • You also use the present simple to ta lk about th ings that are permane nt or
i 21 a mean ~ r true, and in zero co nd it iona l sentences. always true, and in zero cond it ional sentences.
b 're making ~ D The office opens at eight every morning. Water boils at 100°C.
c 's playing ~ E C If I say I love you , I mean it.
d finishes ~ C Us e th e present simple to ta lk about

e Do you believe ~ G officia l scheduled or t imetabled events,
• Yo u use the present simple to ta lk about official scheduled or timetabled
f speak ~ P; e.g . tra in timetab les. events, e.g. train timetables, television listings, etc .
9 is she speaking ~ D This train arrives in Newcastle at 08.28. The film starts at seven.
h understands ~ G D
I sets ~ G Use the present continuous to ta lk • You usually use the present simple (not the present continuous) w ith certain
j are you doing ~ F about th ings that are happen ing at th e verbs , e.g . agree, believe, feel, hate, hear, know, like, love, prefer, see, smell,
moment of speaking, or in the process taste, understand, etc.
of chang ing or developing .
Now g'ci ~~r~~el She doesn't understand the question.
NOT She ·isn+tmderStBfld,'rJfj the qtJeStieff;
E
Answers to Test it again I don 't believe in life after death.
Use the present contin uous to ta lk NOT l!.m-not believina in fHe after death.
a don't think about things th at are tempora ry.
b are getting on
Present continuous
cAre going out F
d 's going out Use the present co nt inuou s to talk • You use the present continuous to talk about th ings that are happening at the
e don't believe about persona l future arrangements, moment of speaking , o r in the process of changing or developing .
f comes especially when yo u give the time Look! The dog is digging up your flowerbed!
9 's standing and/or place. MP3 p layers are getting cheaper.
h 's laughing
i 'rn getting G • You use the present continuous to talk about t hings that are temporary.
doesn't love Usually use the present simple (not the Jane's drinking lots of fruit juice. She 's on a diet at the moment.
present continuous) with certain verbs, I'm reading a great book by William Dalrymple.
2 a B bB cB dA
e.g. agree, believe, hate, know, like ,
lo ve, prefer, understand, et c. • You use the present continuous to talk about personal future arrangements,
especially when yo u give the time and/or place.
We're meeting Tony and Rupert outside the post office.
, For more inf o rmatio n, see the
Review pag e o pposite.

,[:>
I' m playing squash with John this evening.
Used to, would, be used to,
get used to
Used to, would, be used to. get used to
Test it ~ Test it again ~I

o Find and correct the m istake in each sentence. o Choose the correct option, A or B.
/ ' - -<, - . a have blo nde hai r?
a Whe n I was a chi ld, I didn't used f r We'd often to go to look .) A Did n't you use to B Are you used t o
to believe in Father Christ m as. \ for sneu s on the beac h . . b W hen I was a teenager, I .... .. wa tch TV all the ti me .
'' 1 '" / A was used to B used to
V c Pete soon travelling between home and work.
Do you use to play any sports

A got used to B used t o
b Would you have lo n g hai]: 9

w h en y o u w ere at school? d living in the co untry after livi ng in New York?
whe n ~·o u we re yo u nge r?

A Did you use to B Are you getti ng used to
e As a chi ld, she .. dream of living in a cast le.
A wou ld B is used to
h l\ly bro th er used to rrigh rf'nin f l getting up early so I didn't mi nd starting work at seve n.
c Did you used to wat ch a lot of TV?

m e with h o rri ble spiders. A used to B was used t o
9 We ..." ..... eat fi sh but now we have it two or three times a wee k.
A were n't used t o B never used to
d I lIsedn't to like classical h Dad ..." ..... get a lot of headac hes. Now he doesn't.
music but I love it now. Frpl1cis would atwaus know A was used to B used to
he'd be famous one day. Do you think we __ . __ living in London?
A 'II get used to B used to
T he child ren __ often play hide -and-seek in the woods.
e A got used to B would
Do u 'r worry ahout rhe noise . k My sister .... __. be a teacher. Now she's a pai nte r.
I nserl to iT:
A go t used to B used to
6 Choo se the best caption fo r the cartoon .
6 Choose the be st opti o n.

When I was a boy, I a used to be/was being crazy abo ut f oot ball.
I hwould want/wanted to go to every match - in f act I eve n started my own
football team. I <w o uld be/was the captain , of course, and my friend, Harry, was
the goa lie because he was t all er than I was. We d didn't/wouldn't have many
play ers but there were a few . Harry e use to/used to believe t hat one day we'd
both be professiona l football players but of cou rse that never hap pened.
We wo uld think it was unusual but we're getting used to it now.
We used to think it was unusua l but w e were used to it now.
Wo used to think it WlIS unu sual but w e' re getting used to it now.
~ C@]
~ {;IbID Used to, would, be used to, get used to
Answers to Test it

Read the right Fix it note to find out why.
A Used to, would, be used to, get used to
For m the affirmative of used to with
all a usee use .. B
subj ect + used to + base for m of the verb. Used to
bW~
• You form the affirmative of used to w ith subject + used to + base fo rm of the
Did you/Did you use to .. F B verb. Don 't use the i nfi nitive or an -ing form.
c used use .. C
Form the neg at iv e of use d to w ith We used to live in Brussels. NOT We--tJsed-te-to -Jive-in -Brussels;
dusedft!t--te
sub ject + didn't use to + base fo rm. You .\I'/e use<.f-te-Iiving-in-Brussels;
didn't use to/used not to .. B can also use subject + used not to or
e live living .. H
never us ed to + base form of the verb. • You form the negative with subject + didn't use to + base form of the verb . You
f t~ go .. E
can also use sub jec t + used not to o r n ever used to + base verb. Do n't use
9 90 Did .. C, D
C usetin't to.
h fri~htetli-ftg frighten .. A
Form t he in terrogati ve of us ed to with
I didn 't use to like coffee. OR I used not to likell never used to like coffee.
i WOtl~W
did + sub ject + use to + base f o rm of
NOT I usedn 't to like-ee f{etr.
used to know/
the ve rb .
(always) knew .. F
• You form the interrogative with did + sub ject + use to + base form of the verb.
usee am used .. G
D
Did you use to have long hair?
2 8 used to be .. D
Use used to for things tha t happened
b wanted .. F
in the past but don 't happen now.
• You use used to for th ings that happened in the past but don't happen now.
c was .. F
I used to smoke. Pete used to play the piano.
d di d n't .. I'
E
(But I don 't now.) (But he doesn't any rno re.)
o used to .. A Use w ould + base for m of the ve rb .
Don 't use t he infi ni tive or an -ing fo rm .

Would
Now .go '@~19~ • You use would + base form of t he verb. Don 't use the inf init iv e or an ·ing form .
F
The children would colJeet stones and shells on the beach every summer.
Use w ould for past repea ted act ion s
Answers to Test it again NOT ::r-he-eltiltJren would to coHeet.. . The eh ild r-en--wet:tkJ-eel/eet-in g:-:-:
or hab its . Don't use would w ith state
sA bB cA dB
verbs .
• You use would for past repeat ed actions or habits. Do n't use would wit h state
eA f B gB hB
verbs. Use the past si mple or used to inst ead.

I A j B k B
G
I would often go to see my oid history teacher.
Use be used to + no u n o r -ing form
2 W e used to think it was unusual
NOT ! would have Jana ha ir.. . 'lie would kFJeW-eaeh-other-well; ~-;
to say th at so me o ne or somet hing is
b ut we 're getting used to it now.
famil ia r to you .
Be/get used to
H • You use be used to to say that someone or something is fami liar to you. You
Use ge t used to + nou n o r ·ing form can use be used to in the present and the past. Use a nou n or an -inq form after
to say t hat so meo ne o r something is be used to.
becoming fami lia r to you . I'm used to getting up early in the morning. (I do it ofte n.)
I was used to working long hours in my last job. (I often worked long ho urs.)
For mo re informa tio n, see the

Rovio w pago oppo si te. I> • You use get used to 10 say that some o ne or so rnothinq is bocoming fami lia r to
yo u. You cnn lI ~ e 1Jot I/S Orl to with nil ten ses. Use a no un or an -ina fo rm after
Present perfect or past simple?

o Find an d correct t he m ist ake in each speech bubb le . o Choose the best option .
a J i m's never see n/neve r saw this fi lm. I' m sure he' ll like it.
a Didn't you do your homework yet? f 1 had a headach e sinee b Wo w l Did yo u already do /Have you alread y do ne the housework?
J woke li p th is m orn in g. c Th ey di dn't g eUhav en't got ma rr ied in the end .
d I haven't been o n ho liday f o r/s in ce ages.
e Frances has been/gon e t o J am aica. She'll be back next month .
b Pete's been to the shops.

He'll be back soon. f I live/l 've lived here fo r eight yea rs.
9 Have you call ed 9 The rabbit d ug/has dug a ho le in our garden last night.
Jo hn yesterday?
h A tornado has hi t/hit north -west Am er ica and seve ra l people w ere kill ed .
Hey loo k! Concorde's j ust landed/j ust lande d .

c Ever si nce I was a child I wa nted/I' v e wa nted to g o to Za nzib ar.
Did yo u eve r em sna il s?
A plane just crashed over the
h
Alps. More details rouow later. e Wh ic h description (1-4) fits each sentence (a-j)?
1 A recent action in t he pas t wi t h an effect i n the pr esent
d ( \<,W I'(, ll f! ,, ~s ln c e (e n o'clock . -, 2 A f ini shed actio n in th e past
, J
3 An action which st arted in the past and is still go ing o n now
j/ W hen I was a chi ld, I hav e

ridden my bike to scho ol. 4 A past act ion at an ind ef in ite time in the past
No one's see n Lucky a I' ve nev er been t o Tibet.

since three weeks. b St an has had th at car for ye ars .
1 1,:1 \ ( lit '\"<·! 1111' \ 111\ gralldl l ll Jl J ll· 1. c We t oo k th e dog t o t he vet's yeste rda y.
.<;11(' d ied 1)('1"" I'l' I \\". 1' ho m . d I' ve finis hed my ho mework at last .
e Pete' s just fin ished paint ing the kitche n.
f We had oysters an d champag ne last night.
Mutch the st atements. 9 Th ey ' ve known each other si nce they were kids .
h Rick's been to M alaysia sev eral ti m es.
Oh. no l I'v e just smashed a g lass . 1 Sam 's not here .
Did n't you see David last week ?

b l've already written fifteen emails. 2 I' m n ot at th e off ice.
Mireia 's j ust had a baby gi rl.

c Did you g o to Teot ihua can wh i le 3 I'm asking ab ou t your ge neral
v ou w ere in M exico? ex pe rie nce of tr avell ing .

d I worked here last y ear. 4 Sam 's here .
Sam's gon e ou t. 5 Loo k.T he glass is broken.
I rund five reports at w o rk today. 6 I still work her e.
_ l'vo worked here since 1999 . 7 I' m st ill at the offic e.
h I sm ashed a g lass . I didn't m ean to . 8 I sm ashed it y esterda y.
I Have vou eve r been 10 Teot ihuacan? 9 I' m asking about your ho liday.
J S 1II11'S been o ut. 10 Now I work so m ew her e else .
~
D3Q]
Present perfect or past simp le?

A Present perfect or past simple?
Use the past simpl e fo r completed
The difference between the past sim ple and the present perfect causes problems for
actions in the past.
many people. This is perhaps partly because th ere are several w ays of using t he
prese nt perfect. Here are some guidelines to help yo u decide which tense to use .
B
Use the pre sen t perfect (not th e past
Past simple
simp le) when it isn't important when
something happened. • You use t he past simpl e for completed actions in the past, oft en w ith an
expression of time, e.g. yesterday, last week, in 2001, a few years ago, etc.
C We took the dog to the vet's yesterday.
There is a differ ence between th e I went to South Africa when I was a student.
participles been and g one .
Present perfect
D
• You use t he present perfect (not t he past simple) when it isn't im po rt ant when
Use the present perfect (not the past
something happened. Often you're talking abou t general experiences.
simple) to ta lk ab o ut recent past events .
I've never been to a safari park before. Have you seen this film?
E
• Be care ful! T here is a difference between the participles been and gone.
Use the present perfect (not the past
Jill has been to Zanzibar. Jill has gone to Zanzibar.
simple or t he present simp le) to talk
(She went to Zanzibar and now she 's ~ack.) (She's in Zanzibar now.)
about an action that beg an i n t he p ast
but is still go ing o n now.
• You use the present perfect (not the past sim ple) to talk about recent past
events, often with just, already and yet.
F
I've just seen Matt. We've already told him. Haven't you finished that yet?
Use for (not since) with the present
perfect to say how long an act ion has
Note: In American English, it 's possi ble to use either the present
been going on .
perfect or the past simple with the adve rb s j ust, already an d yet. Both
are correct.
Haven 't you finished that yet? OR Di dn 't you finish that yet?
, For more inform at ion, see t he
Review page oppos ite.

,[:>
• You use the present perfect (not the past simp le or the pre sent simple) to tal k
about an action t hat began in the past but is still going on now.
I've lived in Oxford for years. She's had that car since she was seventeen.
Note: You use for to say how lo ng an action has been goin g. on and since to say
when the action started.
I've been here for ages . She's known him si nce last year.
They've lived in Si ena for three years. He's had a cold since Frida y.
Present perfect simple or present
perfect continuous? Present perfect sim ple or presen t perfect continuo us?

o Choose the best captions tor the cartoons. o Find the correct sentence in each pair.
a You're wet! What have you been doing ?
a He's been working all night.
b You' re wet! Wh at have yo u d on e?

He's w o rked all nig ht.
c I've never u ndersto od maths.

d I've never been understanding maths.
e He's tired because he's run.
He's tired because he's been runn in g.
9 I've been wa lking ten kilometres!
h I've walked ten kilometres!
Sorry I'm late. How lo ng have you waited?
Sorry I'm lat e. How long have you been wa iting?
b I' ve always bee n knowing the dog was strange.
I've always know n the dog was strange. e Complete the dialogue. Use the correct fo rm of the verbs in bra ckets. If two
forms are possible, write both.
Sarah: Wow, it a (be) very busy in the shop this morn ing ,
hasn't it?
Kim: Yes. I b (put) new stock on the shelves since I got
o,~ here . The re C . {not I be} a quiet peri od at all. The

phone i n the office d . {ring} every two min utes, so
.> Ie ' . ' " ' '' -'' ' ' ' .... _-- ---_. . (answer) that and I f..... ... .. .. (try)
I
to answer all the emails that the customer services departm ent
e Cho ose t he best optio n . 9 .. (send) me !
8 At lastl I've so lved/been so lving the prob lem.
Sarah: Yes, I know how you feel. It's incredible ! I h ......... . (w r it e)
b Jack has been trying/tried t o get his book pub lished for ages but so far
replies to twenty ema ils. And I i ... . . (serve) all the
no one has said 'Yes'.
customers that i (come) in toda y.
c So, what have yo u done/been doing recently? Anything interest ing ?
d My friend has been buying/bought a new car. It looks great.
e I've nev er believed/been believing in ghosts or witches or fairies.
t Fantastic news! They've been agreeing/agreed to buy the house!
9 You lo ok well. Have you bee n taking/taken more exercise recently?
h The ch ildren are tired becau se they've played/been playing al l day.
Have you swu m/been swimming? Yo ur hair lo oks wet.
Oh , there you are! I've looked/been lo oking for you everywhere !
DEl
~
~ ~[i Present perfect simple or prese nt perfect continuous?
Answers to Test it
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous?
Use the present perfect continuous
(I) a He's been working all whe n the act ivity is im po rt ant, or is sti ll Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
night. -+ A hap pening now. I've done all m y work! I've been doing a report on the sales
b I've always known the
fig ur es.
dog was strange. -+ C B She's run th e Lo nd o n marathon twice. She's been running - she looks tired!
~ 2. a solved -+ B Use the present perfect simple whe n Have they rev ised for tomorrow's exam? Have they been rev ising or not?
b been trying -+ A
the result of a completed activity is
c been doing -+ A
im po rt ant. It can be difficult to know whether the simple o r continuous form is the correct one
d bought -+ B when you 're using the present perfect. Sometimes there isn't much d ifference and it
e believed -+ C C won't matter which you choose. However, there are two things you can conside r
f agreed -+ C Use the present perfect simple (no t the whe n you're deciding between the two.
9 been taking -+ A present perfect co nt inuo us) w ith verbs
h been playing -+ A that are not usual ly used in t he • You use the pre sent perfect continuous when the activity that you're ta lking
I been sw imming -+ A continuous form , e.g . agree, believe, about is im po rt ant , The activity may have finished recently or it may still be
j been looking -+ A know, etc . going on.
He's been running for two hours already.
(And he's still running now.)
:f~9~g o to page ~9 . irest yourself again.
Answers to Test it again

' j'e The correct sentences are:
, For more information, see the

Review page oppos ite .
I>
They've been painting the ceiling.
(That explains why they have paint on their clothes .)
• You use the present perfect simple when you feel that the result of a completed
a c f h j
activity is important.
He's run the marathon.
': 2' a has been
(This is an im po rt ant achievement.)

b 've been putting
c has n't been

They 've painted the ceiling.
d has been ringing
(The resu lt is important. It loo ks better now.)
e 've been answering
Note: Quite often it doesn't matter whether you use the si mple form or the
f 've been trying
continuous. The meaning is the same or very similar.

9 have bee n send ing/have sent
h 've written
Jim's worked all night. I've had a bad drea m .
Jim 's been working all night. I've been having a bad dream.
I 've been servingl've served
j have come
However, use the present perfect simple (not the present perfect continuous) with
verbs that are not usually used in the continuous form, e.g. agree, believe, know, etc.
I've known Pete for a long time . NOT J!-ve-eeen-know;ng'Pete-ffi-r 8 fona time.
Since, for and ago
Test it ~ Test it again

o Find the incorrect sentences . o Answer the questions. Use for or since and the words in brackets.
II How lo ng have you been see ing Jason? (two m o nt hs)
II This is the firs t time 1 ate crab. f He 'S been wor king here b How lo ng have yo u ow ned you r flat? (1999)
since three months. c How lo ng have th ey been here? (a coup le of days )
d How long has Joh n been working t here? (t w o years)
b / ' No on e has been in e How long have th ey been on holi d ay ? (las t Saturday)
lh is ho use for years. 9 ( I -ley ! Wat ch o ut ! Th at's t he "') f How long has the shop been open? (n ine o'clock)
,
th ir d ti m e you t ro d on my toe . / 9 How long hav e yo u bee n wai ting? (an ho u r)
, :;' h How long hav e you bee n studying Eng lish? (last autumn)
c Harry a nd Sally h ave kno wn How lo ng has he had his dog? (Septem ber)
each other since two weeks. h Pete and Ka t)' met at the schoo l How lo ng have you known Tony? (Ch rist m as)
reuni on . They h adn 't spoken to
each other since 1990. f) Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one tense
m ay be possible.
d I've been to Egypt nearly
twenty years ago. a This is the second ti m e I (be) here.
We ' ve been in love w ith eac h b Ma ny yea rs ag o , I (see) t he Taj Mahal. I've never forgotte n it.
other for years and yea rs . c It was at least two years since we (speak) to eac h other.
d (yo u / st ud y ) Engl ish for a long t im e?
e It's two years since e Sha kespeare (die) a very long ti m e ago.
my rab bit has d ied.
Ten years ago, an old woman f (you / write) any more poems since I last saw you?
lived here with her three cats. 9 It (rain) sin ce Satu rday morn ing and I'm fed up w ith it .
h Tom and Lou ise (ma rry) for te n years.
I (have) a t err ibl e hea dac he for thre e days and then it went.
e Complete the sentences. Use ago, for or since. I (have) a headach e si nce I w o ke u p.
It M ike 's had that o ld car . eight years.
b I last spoke to Tim tw o weeks .
c 'How long have you been waiting?' ' half-past tw o .'
d I've felt much bette r I sta rte d go ing for wa lks.
That film was m ad e over twenty yea rs
f This is t he f irst t ime I've see n you the wedding .
lJ Nic k has been wo rk ing . ho urs. He m ust be ti red .
h Have y ou put on weight .. . .. . yo u stopped smoking?
No one's seen Simon t h ree weeks .
I won t to th e Sinai m any years . . . , w hen I was sti ll a
studen t.
CEQ] c:EQ]
~ Iii Xl it Since, for and ago
Answers to Test it
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A Since, for and ago
Use since to say w he n so mething
@ a ate- 've eaten -+ G
st art ed. It can be a date , a t ime o r an Since
b cor rect -+ B, E
event. • You use since to say when something st arted. This is a point in t im e,
c slnee for -+ B, E
e.g. Christmas, 1999, last Monday, I was ten, etc .
d I!ve-beeft I went -+ F B I haven't seen Johnny since Easter.
e has-6fe6- died -+ 0
Use fo r t o say how long something Tom's been waiting for you since three o 'clock.
f slnee for -+ B, E
w ent on or has been go ing o n.
9 ~fOO- 've trodden -+ G
• You use the present perfect in a ma in clause with since if the action has a res ult
h correct -+ A, C
C in the present and you're talking about when it started .
i correct -+ E
Use the past pe rfect in a ma in clause She's been on a diet since last Wednesday.
j correct -+ F
w ith since if the action is f in ished . We've seen Emma twice since the weekend.
~ 2~ a for -+ 8 f since -+ A
b ago -+ F 9 for -+ B
D • You use t he past perfect i n a ma in clause w ith since if the action is fin ished .
c Since -+ A h since -+ A
Use the past simple in a clause afte r We'd met several times since that party.
d since -+ A i for -+ B
sin ce if the act ion is fin ished .
e ago -+ F j ago -+ F
• You use the past simple in a clause after since if the action is fin ished.
E We'd met several times since we were kids.
Use t he p resent perfect or present
I N O:w.: ;~~.{!O Rage 23. Test yourself again.
perfect co nti nuou s w ith for if the action For
has a res ult i n the present and you're
Answers to Test it again You use for to say how lo ng someth ing went on or has been going on.
ta lking about a length of t ime.

' I , n Fo r two months.
David was at university for four years .
b Since 1999 .
F
Peter 's been studying French for a month.
c For a couple of days.

Use ag o after a ti m e refe rence w ith the
d For two years.
past si m ple. Don 't use the present • You use t he present perfect simple or continuo us with for if the act io n has a
o Since last Saturday.
resul t in the present and you're talking about a length of time .
perfect.
f Since nine o'clock.
David has been at university for six months.
9 For an hour.
(He's st ill at un iversity now.)
G
h Si nce last autumn.
Use the present perfect with This is the
I've been reading this report for hours.
I Since September.
(I'm still read ing it.)
first/second/third time ...
I Since Chr istmas.
You use t he past simple wit h for if the action is fin ished .
2 0 've been
, ,[:>
For more information, see the

David was at university for four years.
b saw
(He's left university now.)
Review page opposit e.
c had spoken
d Have you been studying/Have

Ago
vou studi ed/Did you study
o dl od • You lise ago after a ti me period with the past simple.
f Hovo yo u written Luke and I me t two weeks ago. I lived in Brussels ten years ago.
9 has boon roini ng/has rai ned
h hnvo boon m nrriod w oro rnnrr lort This is th e first tim
Past tenses

o Choose the best option . o Find the correct sentence in each pair.
II He's go ne/He'd gone/He w as go in g shopping. He'll be back soon .
a A I'm ti red because I've t rained for the marathon since six o'clock.
b We were late and th e match started/had started/has started.
B I' m tired because I've been tra ini ng for the m arat ho n since six o'clock.
c Teresa has never seeh/never saw/w as never seeing this fi lm before.
b A I'm sorry. J ill's not her e. She's bee n out.
d The y were having/had/have had a picnic when it started to rain.
B I' m sorry. J i ll' s not here . She's gone ou t.
e Did you do/Have yo u done/Were yo u doing the wash ing-up yet?
f He's wet because he swam/he's been sw imming/he'd swu m.

c A Sid ney never met his fa ther. He died j ust before he was born .
9 I cras hed/ l'd cras hed/I've cras hed yo ur car last night. I'm really sorry.
B Sidn ey has nev er met his fath er. He died just befo re he was born .
h Had you met/Have you met/Did you mee t J im Ward yes te rday?
d A Finally we fo und the shop bu t it had already closed.
I'm/I was/I've been in Rome since June.
B Fi nally we fo und the shop b ut it already closed.
Th e dogs were barki ng and th e kids had laughed/were laughi ng/have laughed
e A It was a hot summer's day and t he bi rds sang.
as I w al ked in to t he room .
B It was a hot su mmer's d ay and the birds were singing.
6 Write the correct past tense fo rm of the verbs in brackets. f A Did you pay t he gas bill last m o nt h?
B Have yo u paid the gas bill last month ?
II Char li e (drive) when the accide nt happened.
b What on eart h (you! do) ? You're covered in m ud!

9 A I was play ing the piano till I was twenty, then I gave it up.
c Marta (not / rid e) a camel before and she was terrified .
B I played t he piano till I was twenty, then I gave it up .
d (you! ever / see) th e Taj Mahal? I hear it's incred ibly bea utiful.
h A Tara did n' t be lieve a word Henry said.
How long (you / learn ) English?
B Tara wasn't bel ieving a wo rd Henry said.
Our hamster (die) last week.
A I was sure I' d met Ja mes befo re.
Shakespeare (write) poems as well as plays.
B I was sure I met Ja mes before.

h I (just! speak) to Ja n. She t ol d me th e news.
I Tho jury (not! agree) wi th t he j ud ge's decision .
6 Choose the best captio n for the cartoon .

J I (road) a book when she called m e.
.~~~
~~ -~..L.l~
I do n't know w ho they be long t o. T hey had followed me around all day!
I don't know w ho they belo ng to . T hey've been f oll ow in g me around all day!
I don't know who t hey be long to. T hey followed me aro und all day!
~
~
VJ ~ID Past tenses
Answers to Test it
Chec k your answers. Wrong answer?
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A Past tenses
Use the past simple fo r completed
41. a He's gone ~ E act ions in t he past.
Past simple and continuous
b had started ~ G
• You use the past simp le for completed act ions in the past, often with a t ime
c has never seen ~ C B expression .
d were hav i ng ~ B
Use the past co ntinuous to ta lk about We met in June 1998. He didn't go to school yesterday.
e Hav e you done ~ D
past actions w hich weren't fin ished
f he' s been swimm ing ~ F
at a past t ime or to describe wha t was • You use the past con tinuo us to ta lk about past actions which weren't f ini shed
9 I crashed ~ A
happening at a particular time in the past . at a past time or t o desc ribe what was happening at a part icula r tim e i n the
h Did you meet ~ A
pas t. You use the past simp le and past co nt inuous together when one action
I I've been ~ E C int err upt s ano t her longer act ion in th e past .
j w ere laughing ~ B
Use the present perfect simple (not the What were they doing last night? The sun was shining and a band was playing.
~ 21 a w as driving ~ B
past simple) to ta lk about genera l As I was driving along, a cat ran into the road.
b have you been doing ~ F
ex periences, especially when it isn't
c had n't ri dden ~ G important w he n so mething hap pened. Present perfect simple and continuous
d Have you ever seen ~ C
• You use the present pe rfect to talk about genera l experiences. It isn't usually
6 have you been learning ~ F D
im po rt ant when so mething happened.
f di ed ~ A Use the present perfect simp le (not the
I've been to some wonderful places. Have you ever used this software?
9 w ro te ~ A past simp le) t o ta lk about recen t past
h 've just spo ken ~ D ev ents th at hav e a resul t in t he present. N o t e: The re's a d ifference in mea ni ng between the pa rticiples been and gone.
I did n't ag ree ~ A Yolchi has been to the States. Yoichi has gone to the States.
I w as read ing ~ B E (He went t o the States and now he's back.l (He's in the States now.)
Use t he present perfect simple to ta lk
about an act ion th at began in the past • You use the present pe rfect (not the past simple) to ta lk about recent past
NoWg9. ~·~ events that have a result in the present.
but is still go ing o n now.
The plane has just landed at Heathrow. Hasn 't she finished that painting yet?
F
• You use the present perfect to tal k about an action that began in the past but is
aB bB cA dA eB Use the present perfect contin uous
still going on now.
f A g B hA iA when th e activ ity is i m port ant, or st ill
We've lived in Singapore for a month. (We still live here.)
happening now .
~ I don't know w ho they belong to .
• You use the present perfect continuous when you want to f ocus on t he activity.
They 've been fo llowi ng me around
G The activity may still be going on now, or it may recently have fi nis hed.
011 dayl
Use th e past perfec t (no t the past I've been writing emails all day.
simple) when one past act ion happened
before another past act io n. Past perfect
Yo u use the past perfect (no t the past simple) when one past actio n happened
, For more in formation, see th e
Rev iew pag e oppos it e.
1>
before another past action.
By the time we arrived, the plane had take n off.
(Fir st the plnno look orr, then we arrived .)
Noto: YO II u uu al lv l/q O th ll ·, illl ll ill Io rm 111 0 1 Ilw rrmtlnu n un fo r m l with cnrtnin

The future

o Find and correct the mistake in eac h speec h b ubbl e. o Choose the best op tion.
a I think I'm ta king/I' ll take Fred to the doctor. He's got a temperature.
a If it 'll rain on Saturday, e Pete thinks his team is winning b Watch out! That ladder will/is going to fall on you .
we'll stay at home. the match tomorrow, c Don't lend Beatrice your toys. She' ll break/she's breaking them.
d Patrick's going to/will read law at university.
e We'll golWe're going out for a drink tonight. Do you fancy com ing along?
~- ~
b Jane can 't meet you to nig ht Kate's pregnant. .)

f If you don 't study, you're fai ling/you'll fail your exams.
(
because she'll babysit fo r . SI1 ~' 1 1 have a bab Y 9 David's starting/going to start cycling to work. He wants to get fi t.
Sarah and Mike.

h This time next week, ,'II be/l'rn on the beach.
The ten o'clock news starts/will. start in a m inute.
Lucy and Jim will get married/are getting married on Saturday.
9 My puppy is going to chew

c 1'11 1 slo p p i ng eatillg all
s llgar ~' things tom orrow.
anything you give him. He
destroys things all the time.
e Find t he correct sentence in each pair.
c-: a A You look tired . I' m washing up.
B You look tired . I'll wash up .
d The plane takes off at 1&.05
b A Howald are you in 2035?
from Pisa and is landing at h I'll go sho pp ing.
B Howald will you be in 2035?
Heathrow at 18.05. Do you want to come?
c A I can't come next weekend . I'm working.
B I can't come next weekend . "II work.
d A Banks will win the election . I' m sure of it.
6 Writ e the correct fo rm of the verbs in brackets. B Banks is winning the election. I'm sure of it.
a I think Japan (win) the Wo rld Cup.

e A Please go to Gate 19. The plane is going to take off at 14.20.
b Wh en (you J be) back home? Do you have any idea?

B Please go to Gate 19. The plane takes off at 14.20.
c Look at those storm clouds. It (rain) most of the weekend .
d I (bu y) my girlfriend a present. It's her birthday on Tuesday.

9 Choose t he best caption for t he cartoon.
o T hat child never takes any exercise. He (be) very overweight.
f The bank has announced that interest rates (fall) next year.
lJ The class (start) at nine and finishes at eleven .
h I (visit) my Spanish friends soon . I've booked the ticket.
If you don't stop tha t, I (call) the police.
I (help) you. I'm good with computers .
----~01
I'm going to be one of those when I grow up .
I'll be one of those wh en I grow up.
I' m one of those w hen I grow up .
a!l ~
~ F:ix it The future
Answers to Test it
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A The future
Use going to to talk abo ut gen eral plans
(1) a !ilfam rains -+ H Present simple and con t inuous
yo u'v e already made for the future.
b !.H-babystt 's babysitting -+ C • You use the present simple to talk abo ut officia l fi xed timetables and schedu led
c stoppiflg going to stop -+ A B events, e.g . train timetables, TV programmes, cine ma schedules, etc . You use
di~ lands -+ D Us e go ing to to make a prediction the present con tinuo us to t alk abo ut persona l plans and arrangements yo u've
eis~ about the f ut ure based on someth ing made fo r t he future . Often you mentio n the time or place .
will winl's going to w in -+ F, B you kn ow o r can see now. Sp iderman starts at 77.70. When does the coa ch arrive in Bristol?
f !.H-heve I'm meeting my brother at ten. (That 's what we ar ranged.)
's going to have -+ 8 C

9 is-geifttt4e will -+ F Use th e prese nt con tinuo us to ta lk Going to and will
h !1I-tJo abo ut f ixed plans and arrangements
'rn going (to go) -+ A • You use going to t o ta lk abo ut general plans you 've alr eady made for t he
yo u'v e made f o r th e future, especially
f ut ure. You also use going to to m ake log ical prediction s abo ut the future based
f2' a will win -+ F when you menti on a t im e o r place .
on th i ngs yo u know or can see now.
b will you be -+ G We're going to watch the match. She 's pregnant. She 's going to have a baby.
c 's going to rain -+ 8 o
d 'm going to buy -+ A Use th e present simple to ta lk about
• You can also ask quest ions w ith going to when you thi nk that the pe rson you' re
e 's go ing to be -+ B ti m et ab led o r schedu led events.
talking to probably kno w s t he answer.
f w ill fal l -+ G What are you going to say to Sheila? (I expect yo u've thought abo ut it .)
9 sta rt s -+ 0 E
h 'rn goi ng to visit -+ A Use will to make a de cisi on at t he
Note: Somet imes it doesn't matter w het her you use the pre sent contin uo us or going
I 'II call -+ H m oment y o u speak. to . T he mean ing is the same . If you're in doubt, use going to.
I '11 he lp -+ E I' m going to travel by coach to Lo ndon. I'm tra velling by coach to London.
F
I . - ~'r~--A -· Use will ('II ) and won 't to say w hat yo u
: N()w,J g21R,page 31. iTest yourse lf aga in. • You use w ill ('/I} t o make a decision at th e mome nt yo u speak . Ott en you' re
t hi nk o r guess w ill happe n in t he futu re .
offering to do someth ing fo r someone .
Answers to Test it again I'll come with you. I'll get you a cup o f coffee. Pete w ill help you.
G
Q I'll ta ke
Use will {'II} and w on 't to talk about
• Yo u use w ill ('II) and won't to say w hat you th ink or t o make a gu ess about t he
b is goi ng to
f utu re f act s, or t o ask questions about
fu t ure. You can also use will ('II) and woor t o t alk about futu re facts .
c She'll br eak
th e future. You won 't be at school next week. You 'll be on holiday. I'If be 2 7 soon.
d 's goi ng to
Baker will score the first goal. (That's w hat I th ink .)
e We're go ing out
H The dog will eat the biscuits. (That's w hat I guess. He's done it before .)
f you' ll fail
Use will to ta lk about future possibilities
9 goi ng to sta rt
in first cond itiona l sentences. Use the
• Yo u can also use will to ask questions about t he future -:vhen you aren 't sure
h I'll be
prese nt tense in t he if clause an d will or
w het her t he person you 're talki ng to knows the an swer.
I sta rts
won 't in the ot her clau se.
Do yOll think Ben will marry J ill? (Wh at's yo ur opinion?)
I arc ge tt ing married
2 n B b B cA dA eS Not e: Sometimes it's po ssible t o use ei t her going to or w ill wit h o nly a very sm all
Fo r 1I10 / n in fo rma tio n, see the I~ d iff erenco in m onnln u . If you 'ro i n doubt. foll ow tho ru les above.
3 I' m goi ng to bo o no of t hose wh en Il ll vl rlW ll'I II U o pposite . I/
o Choose the best option . o Ma tch the two halves of each sentence.
a If I did n't/don 't hav e to w o rk, I'd spend all m y t im e travell ing . a If you' d tho ugh t abo ut it, 1 yo u'd call her stra ightawa y.
b We wou ldn't have been/W on 't be late if you hadn't for gotten yo ur t ie. b St eve w o uld be lo nely 2 if we had n't go t th e tickets .
c If you t ook/t ake m or e exercise, you'd fee l better. c If t he guard had n' t fall en asleep , 3 if he'd been th ere?
d I'd lendl'll lend yo u some money if I had any . d If I we re a bi rd, 4 you w o uld n't have said it.
e If I am/we re yo u, I'd laug h about it. e Wh at would you do S if you w ere m e?
f If you win/won the lott ery, w o uld you te ll me? f T hey' d hav e been upset 6 I'd enter t he m arat hon .
9 If I w in/won th e lo tte ry, I'd share it w ith vou , 9 How would he have felt 7 if he didn 't ha ve his dog .
h I wouldn't have bee n/wasn't angry if you had n' t t ol d m e about it. h If I had more ene rgy, 8 I'd em igrate eve ry winter.
If the capta i n saw/had seen t he iceberg, he wou ldn 't have hit it.
If you loved her, 9 t he car w o u ld n't hav e been stolen.
I'd babysit for yo u if I do n't/d idn't have a m eet in g.
I'd take an asp iri n 10 if I were y o u.
9 Complete the sentences w ith th e correct form of t he verbs in brackets. f) Rewrite these statements as conditional sentences.
a If Li nd say .. (stop) smoking, she 'd feel bette r. a Life isn't easy. I haven' t go t any mo ney .
b I'd go ro und and apologi ze at once if I (be) you . . , , .. " - .
e If I had n't go ne to the part y, I .._........._ _ (not / meet) you . b Eat more fruit. That 's my advice.
d We wo uldn 't hav e met Jeff if Simon .. _ _ __ (not / inv ite) us to
the party. c Barbara rev ised. She passed the exa m .
o If Bill y w eren't so good -looking, I ........" ......... ._.. .. _ (not / fa ncy) him . --. - - , - ., , .." . " , - - , .
Wh at . .,, ... .. you "" "'"'' ................" (say) if you'd been at d W e w er e late. You lost you r key s.
the m eetin g? ...... ........ .... , , ,.. .. ----- -_ - " .. , ,, , ,, , , . , ' . , , .., ' .
9 If she _" .. (wo rk) harder, she'd get better m ar ks. e Yo u never ema il m e so I don't em ail yo u.
h (not / know) about th at book if you had n't
reco m m ended it.
If Gu y __ __ ." (take) more exercise, he'd be thin ner.
If the tra in hadn't been de layed, we ""''' '''''' ''' '' ' __ ' __ '__ '''' __ '' '' (not / m iss) the
locture.
~ ~
Second and t hird conditionals

A Second and third conditionals
Use second condi tional sen tences when
For information about zero and f irst condi tiona l sentences, see Test it, Fix it: English
yo u're th ink ing abou t present
Verbs and Tenses Pre-intermediate pages 53 and 61.
situations.
B
Second conditional
Use second conditional sentences w he n • Yo u can use second cond itional sen tences to ta lk about unreal situations i n
you 're thi nking about future situations. the present. You use t he past tense in the if clause and would/wouldn 't in
the other clause .
C If I didn't have to work, I'd lie on the beach all da y. (But I have to work, so I can't.)
Use second co nditio nal sentences wi th If we had lots of time, we'd travel. (But we haven't, so we don't .)
If I were you to gi ve advice .
• You can also use second condi tional sentences to ta lk about un likely events in
D the future .
Use third condi t ional sentences to talk If I won the lottery, I'd shere it with you.
abo ut thi ngs th at have already (But I probably won 't win it, so I won't share it with you .)
happened in the past. If I saw a ghost, I'd speak to it.
(But I' m not very like ly to see a ghost, so I won 't speak to one .)
E
Use the pas t tense in the if cl ause of You can use second co ndi tional sentences with If I were you to give advice .
second co nd itio nal sentences and If I were you, I'd see a doctor. I wouldn't forget Jo 's birthday if I were you.
would/wouldn 't in the othe r cla use.
Third conditional
F
• You use thi rd cond it iona l sentences to talk about things that have already
Use the past perfect in t he if cl au se
happened in the past and their consequences. You use the past perfect in the
of th ird co nd itio nal sentences and
if clause and would/wouldn 't have in the other clause.
would/wouldn 't have in th e other
If we hadn't smashed the car up. we wouldn't have got into trouble.
clause.
(But we did smash the car up and we d id ge t i nt o tr o u bl e.)
If I'd told you, you 'd have been furious with me.
(So I didn't tell you and you weren't furious.)
, For more info rm ati o n, see the
Review page opposite.

,[:>
T he i f clause often comes first in condi tional sentences. However, you can
reverse the two clauses w ithout chang ing the meaning .
If James didn't have suc h a good sense of humour, I wouldn 't like him as much. =
I wouldn't like J am es as much if he didn't have such a good sense of humour.
When the if cl ouso co m es first, yo u put a comma between the two clauses. You
don't need ana if it comes second . Note, however, that native speakers often
leavo tho commn out. You may see examples of this in newspapers and
rllflg tlzinas, find O il the in ternet.
If it rnIn lid . I'l l r. t ~/V III henna. l'cI stnv fit tun nn if it rnlnntl.
Reported speech (1)

o Find t he incorrect sentences . o Rewrite the sentences as reported speech . Imag ine you 're reporting them
a Sue told me she enjo ys last nigh t's party . a week lat er.
b Carol asked what the tim e wa s. a ' I' ll be at the off ice t o m o rr ow .' He said
c Kei th said he can hear me but t here was a fu n ny noise on the line. b ' Has Ma rtin sent the lett er?' I asked the lette r.
d Bill said I speak Frenc h. He's l iv ed in To ul o use fo r five years. c ' M ars is called the Red Planet.' She to ld us the Red Planet.
8 They asked if we'd be at ho me . d ' Do yo u p refe r red o r w hite w ine?' He asked her red or w hit e wi ne,
Th e man asked me wh at was m y name. e 'Where's the ho spi tal ?' The y asked us .
9 He said m e he lo v ed m e. f 'The President has been sho t !' She said
h I called Mi ck last Sat urday. He said he'd seen Pete yesterday. 9 'We went to Joh n's ho use yes terday.' He told me ..
Tom asked where d id I liv e. h 'W hen d id yo u get back? ' She asked m e ..
T he kids said the y were happy. ' Do ch ickens have teeth? ' The child asked teeth.
'This mobile can't be working .' He said
e Complete the repo rted speech ,
'I' m going to Hull to m o rro w .' (said o n Friday ) e Complete the sentences. Use one word in each space .
Hilary said she w as going t o Hull (repo rt ed on Tuesd ay) a James ,........ ........ me he w as nervo us .
b ' Bo rdeaux is in south-we st France.'
b M y son asked me I dre am t in co lour.
Tony to ld me in so uth-west France.
c ' How ald are yo u?' c Ian asked m e w here the post off ice .. .
M r Jo nes asked d M y dad said he ca ll me at ten but he did n't.
d 'We can 't fi nd our cat !' (said on Saturd ay)
e Natalie .. s he felt unw ell.
T he children said the y cat. (reported on Sunday )
'Do yo u read poetry ?' T he twi ns told us t hey couldn't fi nd . school unifo rm s.
J ul io asked me poe t ry. 9 Co let te asked if I' d seen Adam the day .. . . ..
h Help! I told you I swim !
Ben said he ma rry m e. Th e wed d ing's pla nne d f o r
Ju ne next y ear.
Jill asked me old I was.
C@]
D3QI
Report ed speech (1)

A Reported speech
Usually go bac k a tense when you
Reporting statements
repor t speech .
• W hen you repo rt speech, you us ually need to go back a te nse. See Test It, Fix It:
B English Verbs and Tenses Pre-intermediate page 81 for f urther deta ils .
Change can to could and will to would 'I'm hungry.' She said she was hungry.
in reported speec h. 'We' ve been to Rome. ' They said they'd been to Ro m e.
Note that the past perfect doesn't cha nge. It rem ains past perfect. No te also th at
C yo u can use that in reported speech or you can leave it out.
Chang e the pronouns whe n yo u repo rt Zack told me (that) he'd fallen over. Belinda said (that) she was hungry.
speech .
• If the sit uat ion is still true, it isn't always necessa ry to go back a tense.
o However, you'll always be righ t if you go back a tense so if you're in doubt,
Change words like today, tom orro w, change the present to th e past .
etc. if the time period has changed . The earth is round.' The teacher said that the earth is/was r ou n d.
E • You change can to could and will to would in reported speech .

Always put a perso na l d irect ob ject o r 'I can/can't see you!' He said he cou ld/couldn't see me.
someone's nam e afte r tell. Never put a '/'fl/ l won't call you.' She said she'd/she wouldn't call me.
persona l direct object after say .
You usuall y need t o change th e pron ou ns w he n you repo rt speech.
F 'We can't find our toys.' They said they cou ldn't find their to ys.
Use no r mal word order (subject + v erb)
t o report q uestions with a q uest ion • Words like today, tomorrow, nex t Saturday, next year, etc . also cha nge if the
word. Don't use do and don't, did and time period has changed.
didn't. 'We'r e going to France today. ' (said on Tuesd ay )
They said they were going to France that day. (said on Sat urday)
G
Use ifor whetherto report yes/no Always pu t a perso na l d irect object or someone's name after tell. Never put a
questions. persona l di rect ob ject after say.
Peter told me/Ann he was happy. NOT Peter told he was happy.
Peter said he was happy. NOT Peter said me he WBS haDDV.
!
For more information, see the
J> Reporting questions

• When yo u're reporting questions w it h a question w o rd. (who, what, where,
when, whose, how), you use normal wo rd order: subject + ve rb . Don't use do
and don't, did and didn't.
'Whem RTO you? ' Sho askea me w here I was . NOT where-wes -t.
'Whom rio you live?' Sho Rskad me where I IiVCl d. NOT where -did I live;
• Whnn vn , .' " , "" 1<111 11 11 1 vO'I/II " C1" ooe, il lll'l vO' . "!II,, "1 11 w i /oI l ", !, II d o me" ' ,
Reported speech (2)
Test it ~ Test it again &

o Choose the co rrect option, A o r B. o Rewrite these sentences as repo rted speech .
8 Ala n sugg ested a f i lm .
a 'Yo u shou ld see a doctor.'
A to see B seeing
T hey t o ld her ,... .. .
b He promised me.
A ema iling B t o emai l

b ' Go and do so m e work.'
c Th ey orde red h im .......... t hem his passport.
I adv ised him , " " ..
A to sho w B showing
c ' Sit d own !'
d I . ... To ny to ph one m e when he ar rived.
A said B told
T he tea c her ord ered th e boy .
o The m an told us it .......... later.
d 'We m ig ht co m e back later.'
A m ig ht have rai ned B m ig ht rai n
T hey sa id , ,.., ' .
e Choose the co rrect sentence in each pa ir. e 'Co uld yo u open t he doo r?'
Leo asked m e .. .. ,..... - - , .
u A I suggested him to go ou t for a meal.
'W hy d o n't w e go t o th e beach?'
B I suggested going out fo r a mea l.
Nick sugge st ed , , ..
9 ' I co uld n't read t he sign .'
b A Harry told m e to no t sho ut.
Don't snout. She said , .
B Harry to ld me no t to sh o ut.
h 'W e' ll be back by te n.'
They promised ..
c ( YO lI ' d 1ll' ll t " f; () ' )
A M att hew sa id Ellen had better go . ' Please, p lease lend m e yo ur bike.'
B Matthew said Elle n h ad better hav e gone.
~.'\\ Dan beg ged Al an ,., ,., , ..
'OK, " II pick the kid s u p at six .'
d A The teacher to ld th e kid s si t down . Jules ag reed ..
Sit d ow n.
B Th e te acher to ld th e kid s to sit d ow n.
f) Rewrite the reported speech as direct speech .
a He said I' d better go beca use it w as late.
)'011 should go A He th o ug ht she sho u ld go to the den tist. b She prom ised to g ive up sm o ki ng .
10 tlu- de-ntist . B He thought she sho uld ha ve gone to t he de ntist. c He to ld m e I o ught to take t he cat to th e ve t's .
d T hey said they cou ld see us o n Sat u rd ay.
e T he officer said I m ustn't d rive so fast.
f Sid begg ed m e no t to tell an yone .
9 T he w eatherm a n wa rn ed us it m ig ht snow.
h George 1II1d lsnb ul lo sliggeste d trying th e new cafe .
Tho trnlfic wa rd en or d ere d m o to m ove m y car.
~ I told hur to w 'l il l o r IIl O .

L120l
'''11
[[J
III
I'
IP ~ITI Reported speech (2)
Answers to Test it

Read the right Fix it note to find out why.
A Reported speech (2)
Use the infin itive or object + infi nit iv e
, 1. a B -+ B dB -+ B
to report orders and promises. In
Orders, requests, promises, etc.

b B -+ A e B -+ C
negative statements, not goes between

• You can use the in finitive or ob ject + infinitive to report orders, requests,
c A -+ A
the object and the infin it ive .
promises, offers, advice, agreements, etc .
2 The correct sentences are: 'I'll write! ' Jill promised to write.
aB-+ B dB-+ A B
'We'll wash up for you .' They offered to do the washing-up.
bB-+ A eA-+ C Don't use the in finit ive or object +

'Keep quieti' Mr Sykes ordered the children to keep quiet.
c A -+ C infinitive after the reporting verbs say

' Yo u shouldn 't call again. ' He advised me not to call again.
and suggest.
In negative statements not goes between the object and the infin it ive.
':Now go to Rage 43.ifest yourself again.

~...; -le·I.
She told me not to do it. NOT She-told·me-w fwt do it.
C
Answers to Test it again The verb after would, co uld, sh ould, Say and suggest
·1' 8 They told her she should see a ought to, must might and had better
You don 't use the infinitive or ob ject + infi niti v e after the reporting verbs say
doctor. doesn't usua lly change it s for m after
and suggest. Use told or suggest + -ing form .
b I advised him to go and do some past reporting verbs.
He told me to leave. NOT He said me-to leave;
work.
Mum told us not to qo to the park. NOT Mum sai£J-us-not-to 'gO-fa-fhe park.
c Th e teacher ordered the boy to sit
, ,[:>
For m ore inf orm at ion, see the

I suggested trying the new cafe. NOT .J--stJggested to -try--the--ttew--ettk:
d ow n.
They suggested using their car. NOT -Rtey-suggested--us-ttruse tReir ear.
d They said they might come back
later.
Would, could, should, etc.
e Loo asked me to open the door.
f Nick sugg ested going to the beach. • You don 't usuall y change the form of the verbs after would, could, should,
9 She said she couldn't read the sign. ouqiu to, must, might and had better after past report ing verbs .
h They promised to be back by ten. 'I could buy some fruit. ' She said she could buy some fruit.
I Dan begg ed Alan to lend him his NOT -She said-she-e8t:Jld l'Ja·.'e botlgM some fruit.
bi ke.
' Yo u'd better stay the night. ' He told me I'd better stay the night.
Ju les agreed to pick the kids up
NOT He told-me t'd better Rave stayed-the-night:
at six.
2 0 'You'd better go because it's late.'

b 'I pro m ise to give up/I'll give up
sm oking :
c 'You ought to take the cat to the
vet 's:
d 'We cou ld see you on Saturday.'
o 'You mustn't drive so fast:
f 'Pl ease don't tell anyone.'
9 'It mig ht snow :
h 'Lot's/W hy don' t w e try th e new
cnfo?'
The passive (1)

o Which answer is best, A or B? o Wr ite passive sentences.
a Do these computers com e from Japa n or Taiwan ?
a So m eon e sell s ti ckets at the bo x office.
A People make t hem in Taiwan .
. , " .." ., .. , .., , , , ,
B They're made in Taiwan.
b Peo pl e bui lt the pyram ids ove r 4,500 ye ars ago.

b So, w hat happened w hen the dog saw the bone?
. -_ -_.. _- -_._-_ .
A It was eaten by th e dog.
B The do g ate it .
c Someon e is me ndi ng my bike.
c How often is the restaurant kitchen cleaned?
A Peop le clean it every day .

d A printer printed t he document i n th ree seconds.
B It 's cleaned ev ery day.
.,.. , " - .
d What happened to the burglar?
A He w as arrested a few minutes later.
e So m eo ne's intervie win g th e President.

B The po lice arrested him a few m inut es later.
, -.... .-. , ..-._-_ --- -. -_ _.. __ .
W hat do doctors do ?
A The y help people who are sick .
e Rewrite t he notices as act ive sentences . Start each sentence with We.
B People w ho are sick are helped by them .
a Sec reta ry wan ted d No refund s given

o find the inco rre ct sentences. '~.'IN'\I'I.N"_ _" " _ .. I'I'~,.....J
The money w as stole from the bank.
b
c
My ho use is being painted at th e m om ent.
l like it w hen peo pl e agree w it h m e.

b Keys cut while you wait~ I e CHEF ne eded for
busy res taurant
nn
d T he candi dates are bei ng intervie we d.
.<¥ ;,u. , )"..,..... ...o':~"'_>(_~ .t . .. 4ItJI1lf _~~
My frien d Tom is having a nice house.
I Yo u know, yo u are resembled by so m eone famous.
9 Spanis h spoken in Lati n A m erica.

c
h A lovely swim in the sea w as had by us.
T hese glasses are m ade in Denma rk.
Did y o ur fam ily ag ree w ith yo u?
e Find a nd correct any sente nces that are wrong.

a M ad e in Chin a.
b I' m not fitt ed by these trousers. Th ey're to o bi g.
c T he fox w as knoc ked down by a car.
d The tank s are fi lled an d the n the en g ine is started .
e Sto p argui ng. I' m ag reed w ith yo u !
C@] ~
The passive (1)
Fix it notes Review

A Active or passive7
M ake th e passive w ith t he correct te nse
Some people think the passive in English is difficult . It isn't really. You just need
of t he ver b be + past part icipl e.
to understand why and when to use it instead of t he active. There are four ma in
reasons fo r using the passive, and t hese are explained below. It's also im po rt ant to
B
know when not to use the pass ive . There are two main reasons for you to rem em ber.
Use the pass ive wh en you d o n't know
who doe s th e actio n, or you are n't
• You make t he passive with the correct t ense of the verb be + past participle.
int er est ed in who doe s it, o r it isn't
Spanish is spoken in many Latin American countries. (present simple passive)
im po rt ant w ho do es it.
My house is being painted. (present conti nuous pass ive)
The robber was arrested. (past simple passive)
C
Use th e pas sive wh en it's o bvious w ho
The object of an act ive sentence becomes the sub ject of a passive sentence .
does the actio n.

People give money to charity. (ob ject: money)
Money is given to charity. (subject : money)
o
A lways us e t he act ive form u nless
When to use the passive
th er e's a v ery good reason to use the
passive. 1 When you don't know who does the action .
My car wa s stolen last night. (I don't know wh o stole it .)
E
Don't use th e passi ve w it h ce rta in 2 W hen you aren 't interested in w ho does the action.
verbs, e.g . ag ree w ith, hav e, resemble. I love this poem. It was written about a hundred years ago.
(I'm in terested in the poem, not the poe t.)
, Fo r more info rm at io n, see th e
Rev iew pag e opposit e.

,[:>
3 When it isn't im po rt ant who does the act ion.
Alf our computers are ch ecked before they leave the factory.
(It is n't importa nt who checks them.)
4 When it 's obvious who does the action.

The prisoner is being taken to the jail.
(It's obvious that the po lice are tak ing hi m t o jai l.)
When not to use the passive

1 You do n't use the passive when the act ive is m ore d irect and easier to
understand. If you're in doubt, ask yo urse lf wh y you're usi nq t he pass ive
instead of the active. If yo u can't think of a good reason, do n't use it.
I'm reading a great book. NOT A-greet-book-is-being-reed-hy-f7le=
2 Intran sitivo verbs can' t be passive because they don't take an object, e.g . arrive,
diu, sit, slu l1/1, AllIn , v ou do n't uso tho passive with the se verbs: ag ree w i th,
halona. tit. I W V II . ,.mll ll 1111111 IU l( I s ult.
o Choose the best sen t ence in each pai r. o Write passive sen tences. Include a by phrase on ly if yo u t hink it's necessary.
a A new job has been o ffered to Luke .
a When we arrived a waiter was serving d inner.
b Luke's been offered a new job.
c No di rections wer e give n to us .
b The mother gave birth to George on 4 October.

d We were n't given any direct ions.
e This is a lovely piece of music. So meone co m po sed it in 1790.
This is a lo ve ly pi ece of m usic. It wa s composed in 1790.

c Duty painted thi s pictu re.
9 Po ll y is a poet. A new book o f poems has just been written by he r.
h Polly is a poet. She's just written a new book of poems.

d Auctioneers w ill sell the painting at auction .
A thi ef co m m itt ed a the ft in New Street last night.
j A theft was committed in New St reet last night.
e Someone's offered me a better j o b.

k 100% cotto n. Made in Egy pt.
I 100% co tt on. Peo ple in Egypt m ade it.
They're taking the goods t o market.

m A fu ll ref und w as gi ven to m e.
n I was g iven a full ref und.

._-. . .. _- __ ._-- --_.. . - - " .
o No one wants to be fo rg ott en.

g Someone owes me a lot of money.
p Peop le don 't want people to forget t he m .
. _,. . . . -_ -
q Basil Morgan taugh t me h ist o ry.

h The po lice have arrested t he m ug ger.
r Histo ry was taught to m e by Basil Morgan.
The p upi ls were pu n ished for cheating.
By the time I got back, someone had ordered the coffee .

The teacher punished the pupils for cheatin g .
e W rit e t he correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. I' m sure my uncle invented this machine.
u You (g iv e) in structions wh en yo u arrive.
b I sudden ly realized I (watch ).
c W hen we got bac k to th e car, we foun d that it (v and alize ).

e Rewrite these sentences. Keep the same meaning.
d Car m en (interview) tor the j o b right now.
a T he prize was awarded to me ! I .

o Th o v an Dyck painting (sell ) at auction next y ear.
f I (te ach) French by Ma lcolm Smith at university.

b The po lice stopped Phil for speeding. Phi l .
9 I'm sorry it's so no isy . O u r new kitchen (fi t).
c Somebody built this mo nument in 1716. This .

h Th e schoo l (o pen ) by t h e Prince next Tuesda y.
Spanish (speak) in Lat in A m eri ca.

d Doc uments were given to me to sign. I : .
TUIl thou sand o f th ese cars (m ake) in France every year.
e Someone warne d him not to do it. He .
~ L:IJ]
The pass ive (2)

A The passive (2)
M ake the passive wi th the correct tense You ma ke the passive with the correct te nse of the v erb be + past particip le .
of the verb be + past part iciple.
•
Active Passive
B People owe me money. I am owed some money.
Presen t
Use the passive when you don 't know This was painted by M at isse.
Past simple M atisse pai nte d this.
who does the action , or you aren't He w as being taken away.
Past con tinuous They w ere taking him away.
interested in who does it. or it isn't The car has been so ld .
Present perfect I've sold the car.
im po rtant who does it. Coffee had been ordered.
Past perfect He' d ordered coffee .
Future We'll read t he report. The report will be read .
C
Use the passive when it's o bvious who • You use the pas sive when you don't know who does the act ion, or you aren't
do es th e act ion .
in terested in who does it , or it isn't important who does it .
The poem wa s written in 1675. The carpets w ere cleaned.
o (I don't know who wrote it.) (It isn' t important who cleaned them .)
Always use the active form unless
there's a very good reason to use the
• You use the passive w hen it's obvious w ho does the action .
passive.
The theft was committed at 02.35. He's been arrested.
(It's ob vious a thief committed the theft.) (It's obvious the police arrested him.)
E
If a verb has two objects, usually use • Alwa ys use the acti ve form un less there's a very good reason to use the
the person as the subject in the
passive .
pass ive. I've been offered a fantastic job. NOT A fBntBstie--jtm-hes-been-offered -to-me;
informati~n,
For :n o re
Review page Opposite.
see the 1[> • You use by + agent (person or thing) if you wan t t o say who does the action .
Sometimes it's important to say who did it .
This statue was created by Henry Moore.
The 'Difference Engine' was invented by Charles Babbage.
• If a verb has two objects. you usually use the person as the sub ject in the
passive.
Active No one gave me any directions.
Passive
I wasn't given any directions. (more common)
No directions were given /0 me .
Active Basil taught me history.
Passive
I was taugh t history b y Basil. (more common)
History WllS taught to me by Basil.
o Match the statements. o Write the correct torm of have + the object in brackets + a suitable participle
a I got the car serviced. 1 She pai d so meone to paint it.
from the list .

b She had her ha ir cut. 2 He's a pho tograp her.
coloured restr un g trimme d pa inted put up
c He'll develop the fil m. 3 We're the victims of a burglary.

valued
mended taken drawn up broken in to
d Pam painted her ho use . 4 She wen t t o th e haird resser's.
a I wonder what th is bracel et is wo rt h. I th ink I' ll (it) .
e I serviced the car. 5 I w ent to a garage.

b Shall we (the baby's room ) blue or pink?
t Our house was burgled. 6 We' re bu rg lars .

c You reall y m ust (your g uitar). It sounds terrible!
9 He'll have the film developed. 7 She cut it herself.

d I (the contract) last week.
h We burg led the house . 8 She likes pain ting.

e Next sp ring we (t he roof) .
She cut her hair. 9 He' ll take it to th e camera shop. t Your hair's looki ng rather grey. Whe n di d vou last (it) ?
Pam had he r house pai nted. 10 I'm a m echanic. 9 Gregory never (his beard). It drives me cra zy.
e Find the best sentence in each pa ir. h I' d like to (so m e shelves) . There isn't enough room fo r my boo ks.
YOLI ever (yo ur picture) by a profes sio nal photog rapher?
8 Sarah went to t he hairdr esser's and her hair w as cut .

Th at's t he second ti m e we (garden shed ). Next ti m e, I' ll call th e po lice .
b Sarah w ent to the haird resser 's and had he r hair cut.
e My ho use w as burgled.
e Choose the best option, A or B.
d I had the ho use burg led .
a Keit h playing footbal l. He was running t oo fast.
e It's time we serv iced o ur car .

A broke hi s leg B 's leg was broken
It' s time we had ou r car serviced.

b Jan ine on her parents' land.
A bui lt a sm all ho use B had a small house bu ilt
9 J ack pa inted my kitch en.
c I' m sorry but .
h My kitchen was pai nted by a painter.

A I crashed th e car B I had t he car cr ashed
Ou r wi ndow was smashed last nigh t.

d Lucy we nt to the bea utician's and .
We had our wi ndow sm ash ed last nigh t.

A her nails w ere painted B had he r nails painte d
e Tim o nce a yea r.
A 's ho use is decorated B has his ho use decorated
l""TIJ ~
Have/Get something done

A Have/Get something done
Use have (or get) + object + past
participle to say that you arrange for Unlike some other languages, in English you can't say that you do, did or wi ll do
someone to do something for you . something if yo u mean that someone else does the action. So , for example, you
can 't say 'I'm going to service the car' if you mean that yo u're going to take it to a
8 garage and a mechanic is going to service it for you . Instead. you can use the
Use the passive (object + be + past
str ucture have/get something done: ' I' m going to have the car serviced.'
participle) when something happens
that you d idn't arrange.

• You use have l or get) + object + past particip le to say that you arrange fo r
someone to do so m ethi ng for you . Often it's a service t hat you pa y for.
C
I'm having my hair cut next week . Let's get the dog shampooed.
Use the active (subj ect + verb + object )
Note that get is more informal than have but the meaning is the same .
when the subject does the action.
I'm going to get m y computer fixed. = I'm going to have my computer fixed.
• You use t he passive (object + correct form of be + past participle) when
, For more in forma tion, see the

,[:>
something happens that y o u didn't arrange and didn't want.
Ou r house was broken int o last nigh t.
(I di d n't arrange f o r this to happe n.)
My wallet w as stolen in the shopping centre.
• You can also use have + object + past participle to ta lk about experiences . Often
these experiences are unpleasa nt.
Peter had his mo torbike stolen last sum m er.
(He didn't arrange for this to happen. It w as something that happened to him.)
We've had our car vandalized five times this year.
• You use the active (subject + verb + ob ject) when the subject does the action.
I cut my hai r last night. It looks a mess! John's repaired my computer.
(I did it myself.) (He's a computer engineer.)
You can use have/get + object + past participl e in all tenses .

I'm having my hair cut at the moment.
I have my car serviced twice a year.
I was having the house valued when he arrived.
I had the windo w mended.
I've had my house broken into twice.
I' ve been having the kitchen painted.
I'd had m y portrait painted once before.
I'd bean IllIving my films processed there for years.
I'm going to hnve tho ciog shampooed.
I'll I lo'I ve thl» jm;kllt dry clennad, pleflS().
"; . . :';;"\«g!~;~:S(!;:'f;~
Relative clauses ,,~~'_:;~.:~;'>~'r:';;~~';"J~'\:

' :.·'~~~n . -. .." ~':.~) "('-I!':::':(~-_~~:-~~",~.,~~J"~:

o Find a nd correct the mistake in each speech b ubble. o Choose the best opt ion .
~~ee~:'1%~~~;: ~/",
a f 'TJ1e farm, who I liv ed in T h e man" who/which eve ryo ne was ex pecting fina lly arrived . He was wearing
for nearly twenty year s, a d ark suit h who/ that. made h im loo k twice th e size he re ally was. lIe lo oked
has been sold. o elel. Everyb od y turn ed a nel stared a t h im. l Iis mo us tac he ," wh ere /which was
red and c u rly, move d sligh tly eve ry time he sp ok e. A young woman ,
b lan, mot her lives next door
"whi ch/ wh ose face we nt wh ite when she saw the man, suddenly fainted in a
to me, is emigrati ng to
g A corkscrew is a thing who co rn er of tire ro o m. II was th en th a t I be ga n to understand: She W' LS th e
'> OUl!1 Afr'ica . you open bottles with. wo ma n •. which/that he 'd C O !ll C to se e . Sh e was the Lady o f Castle Doo rn ,
~
i \!1 ""'j~' ~ .. ~
......-nn ! l ~ ~ ·
h l ie 's i h e guy which

c T he ra bbit h ut ch what I
so ld 111 f' Ill }' house.
9 Wr ite each pa ir of sente nces as o ne sentence. Use defi nin g and non-defini ng
bu ilt is falling 10 p ieces, re lative cla us es .
a Th at' s the man . His car was vanda lized ,
, Henrv, ~hich' .isr
d The bo o k, that yo u .: friend army b rother's,
lent m e is g rea t. :'''jS;'c0n;'in'g't'§ '~he p~hY:.;: b T he laborat o ry is usual ly locked. It's a very big labo rato ry.
.......... .. " - . . . _-- --_. . - .
This is the translator c 'The Liar' is a good book. Step he n Fry w rote it.
o Is th:u th e girl yoii who I met her in London.
, _- -- . . _--. - " , .. , __ " ." ,,
tukl JIl l' a b o u t her-

d He's th e man . Kate told you about him.
e T ho m as lives in Los Angeles. He is my cousin.

Writo who, that, which, where or whose where necessa ry, Sometim es m o re
t ha n one answer is possible .
u Isn' t that the boy ...... gave you th e flowers?
b This vill ag e, Jo hn w as bro ug ht up, is now a to ur ist attract io n.
c Th e m o bile ph one, yo u pr omised to del iver yest erday, still has n't
irrived .
d I roall v wan ted the ca r .. " ..... vou bo ught.
o What 's th e nam e of that girl ..... fat her is a vet ?
C@] DJ:Q]
L ~m
Answers to Test it Fix it notes o Review

Relat ive clauses
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A

Relative clauses
This sen tence incl udes a defin ing
~ I t, a wftteft Defining relative clauses
relative clause. Begin these clau ses
who/no pronou n ~ f." B • You use defini ng rel ati ve cl auses to add essential information to a sentence .
w ith who/that for people; that/which for

b lan;--metfler The clause goes immediately after the noun it describes.
objects; where for places; wh ose for

lan, whose mother ~ C. B This is the man. This is th e m an who sold me the car.
possession .
c what (The clause answers the question 'w hich man?')
that/which/no pronoun ~ »: B
B
d~hat • You use rela tive pronouns (who, which, that, etc.) to introduce defining relative
You can leav e out who, that, which, etc.
The book (that) ~ E, B clauses. Use w ho or that for people; that or which for obj ects; where to talk
i n a defining rela tive clau se th at is th e
eyou;~~oU~R~f
ob ject of the sen tence . You can't leave about a place; whose to talk about possession .
you told me about? -+ D it out in a defining relative clause that is He's the man who/that owns the sho p. Here's the book thatjwhich you lent me.
f who which -+ C the su bject of the sentence. You can This is the place where I was born. He's the man whose dog bit me.
9 whe neve r leave it out of a non-defining
that/which/no pronoun ~ A, B • You can leave out who, that, w h ich, et c. in a defining relative clause when the
relative clause.
h whieh who/that ~ A
clause is the object of the sentence.
I which who ~ C She's the girl (that) / told you about. Here's the book (that) you lent me.
C
J "met-hef-ffi-l:ellooFt-; This sentence includes a non-defin ing You can't leav e it out in a defining relative clause when the clause is the subject
I m et in London. ~ [l
relativ e clause . Begin the se clauses with of the sentence.
2 0 who/that ~ A who for people; which for objects; This is the man who got the job. Rome is the city where I was born.
b wh ere ~ C where fo r place s; whose for pos session. You can never leave it out of a no n-defining rela tive clause .
c w hich ~ G The fan s, who were waiting anxio usly, finally saw the rock star.
d that/w hich/ no pronoun ~ A,B D NOT ~ans,werc waiting 8nxious,'~', finally-s8w--t:he--reck ster:
o w ho se ~ A Don't use more than one subject or
object pronoun (he, her, etc.) in a • You don't use more than one subject or object pronoun in a relative clau se. The
relative clause . relative pronou n (who, which, etc .) rep laces the subject or ob ject pronouns (he,
Nowgo.i~ 'P'!~~ her, etc.). One pronoun is enough .
E Jack's the boy who won the prize. NOT daek!s-the boy who -he won the prhe.
Answers to Test it again Use commas before and after no n
o w ho d whose defining relative clauses. Don 't use Non-defining relative clauses
b th at e that them before and after defi ning relative
• You use non-defining relati ve clauses to add non-essentia l information to a
c w hich clauses.
sen tence. The clause goes im mediately aft er the noun it describes. If y ou
2 0 Tha t's the man whose car was
removed the relativ e clause, the sentence would still make sense on its own .
J>
vandalized.
David, who is a professor at the Universi ty of Barcelona, is a fri end of mine.
For more information. see the
b Th e laboratory, wh ich is very big, Note that non -defining relative clauses are much more .com m on in writing t han
is usuallv locked. ! they are in speech.
C 'The Liar', which Stephen Fry
w rot e, is a good book.

You use relative pronouns (who, which, where, etc.) to introduce non -defining
d He's the m an (that/w ho) Kate told
re lat ive clIlUSOS. Usa who for people; which for object s; where to talk about a
y ou abou t.
ptnco: wnos« In talk nbo ut possession .
.. ,J, I ., I ,U / l h ' U 11 11 1 J u '" , h n r ' Tn ;n utl n~ 12 Jnvvv,~ r
Modal verbs

o Find t he incorrect sentences. o Choose the best option.
a I th ink you sho uld work harder. a J eff may not/can't/ m ig ht not ride a bicy cle . He never learn t to do it .
b Do yo u can spea k J apan ese? b I'm sure you can't/couldn't/must be tired . You w ere awake all night.
c M ary th in ks it may rai n later. c It m ight/can/must be a nice weekend . If it is, we' ll go to th e beach .
d The twins m ust tidy their bedroom . d May/Should/Could you close th e window? I'm cold.
e Sall y musts go to the dentist soon . e Mobile phones can/m ust/m igh t be sw itched off during the fl ig ht.
f I'm sor ry but w e m ust to go now. f You really sho uld/cou ld/might stop smoking .
9 That can' t be th e postma n. It' s m uch t oo early. 9 That can/should/can't be a sp ider. It' s on ly got six legs.
h The dog d id n' t sho uld stea l food fro m th e fridge. h Tom isn 't here . He can/may/shouldn't be at home.
We ma y ing go to France in Sep tember.

You shouldn't/co uldn't/must n' t fo rg et your passport t his ti me !
Co uld you lend m e your dictionary?

Drivers can/may/sho uld g o m o re slowly . T here are too many accide nts .
6 Use a suitable modal to complete the sentences. Use some modals more than 6 Wr ite new sentences with similar meanings, using madals. More than one
onc e So m et i m es there is more than one correct answer. answer may be possible.
cun can't could m ust mustn't shouldn 't m ay might a I wa nt a glass of wa ter.
R I wan t the salt please. .................. you pass me th e salt
please?
b Loc k the door, please .
b It's a bad idea for y o u to go . You . . ............. go .
. _-
" "" ''' ''''''' ' ' ... _---_.... --., , ,,, ,,. ,, - ,,- -. - - ,
c It's poss ible it' ll rain tom o rrow. It .. ... ........ rain to mo rr ow.
c Do yo u want me to help yo u?
d Do yo u have the ab ility to swim? . ........... yo u sw im ?
. . __. __ " ." .. " " , -_.__.. - , .. " ." .. " " .
0 Do not park here. Yo u ......... ......... park here .
d No smoki ng in t he library.
Is it OK if J use your pho ne? ........ ...... I use your phone?
9 Thil l isn 't a bird . It's im possi ble ! Tha t ......... . be a bird !
e It 's possible t hat yo u're right.
h It's imp ortant that yo u stop smoki ng . You ... ..... ....... stop smoking.
It's possible I' ll ask you to help m e. I ..__ .......... ask you to help me .
Fred is unable to sing .

f) Find and correct five mistakes in the dialogue.
Fred .. ................ sing .
Jo: Bill m usts be here soon . He left hours ago !

Nick : I th ink you shou ld call him o n the mobile . He must to have it with him .
Jo: I can't. My battery is fl at. M ust I borrow yours?
Nick: Yes, sure . Here you are .
Jo : No answer. Now w hat do I shou ld do?
Nick: You shou ld stop wo rrying . I'm sure he won 't be lo ng. He m ays arrive
any moment.
~
CEQ]
Modal verbs

A Modal verbs
Never put s o n the t hir d perso n
• You never pu t s o n the thi rd pe rson singu lar for m of modal verbs.
si ng u lar form of moda l verbs .
He can do it! NOT He--cans -do-it!
It might rain. NOT h -mights-r-ain-;
B
Use th e base f or m of t he verb (no t the
• You use the base form of th e verb, no t th e to infin it ive , after moda l ve rbs .
to infinit ive) afte r moda l verbs.
I must go to the bank. NOT lmust-toqo-to the bank
Jo can't come tonight. NOT -Je--e-a-n!t-w-eome-tonight:
C
M od al verbs hav en't got inf init ives or Note that modal verbs have n't go t i nfin it ives or pa rt icip les . You can't say 'to
partici pies. shou ld ' or 'ma y ing' or 'm usted' .
D • You make modal q uestions and negat iv e sentences wi tho ut do.

Make modal questio ns and negat ive Can I help you? NOT Do eaR! help 'fOU ?
sen ten ces w ithout do . He shouldn 't say that. NOT He dOR 't should sa'o' that.
E • You use can/can 't t o talk abo ut ab ility.

Use can/can 't to talk abou t ab il ity . Use I can swim. He can 't read.
can, could or may t o ask for or give
pe rm iss ion . Use can/co uld you to m ake • You use can , could or may to ask for or g ive pe rmission . No te t hat may is m o re
a req uest. forma l and less co mmo n th an can o r could. You also use can to ask for th ings.
Can I stay up late tonight? Could we go out? May I borrow yo ur car?
F Can I have a drink?
Use should/shouldn't t o ask for or g ive
someo ne advice. • You use can/could you to m ake a request.
Can you shut the door? Could you pass me the salt ?
G
Use may, might and could t o t alk abo ut • You use should/shouldn't t o ask for o r give someone advice .
possibili t ie s. What should I say to Mum? You should apologize. Yo u shouldn't do th at.
H • You use may, might and could t o ta lk about poss ib ilities .

Use must and can't to make logi cal It may rain during the night. Ja ck m ight be at home by now.
deduct ions. The keys could be in the car.
I You use must and can't t o make logi cal deductions. Usua lly the ded uctio n is
Use must and mustn't to ta lk abo ut based on something you know now.
ob ligati ons. You must be hungry. I know you haven 't eaten anything.
That can't be an insect. It's got too many legs.
Fo r more info rma tio n, see the

Rev iew page op pos i te . [> • You li se m ust nn d mustn't to talk about ob liga tion s.
Passonqers 11111:1/ uw itc n o ff their mobile p honos. YOIi mustn 't park here.
Modals in the past

o Choose th e best op t ion . o Comp lete t he sentences. Use a moda l fro m t he list and t he correct form of the
verb in brac kets .
a I tried and t ried bu t I can't/cou ld n't open the jar.
b Ho w nice of you to w rit e and thank me. You really had to/needn't have.
might have could have tx 2) should have had to
c When we were at school we must/had to wear school uniform . We all hated it.
didn't have to would have needn't have
d I heard a noise. I think it must have/should have been the cat jumping
(do) if you'd been me ?
a What you ., ..
through the window.
e You cou ld have/would have laug hed if you 'd seen his face!
b I' m not su re but I think it . . (be ) t he pos tman who
f I' m afraid I can't have/wasn't able to get in touch with George.
knocked j ust then .
9 You might have/can't have seen lim. He left fo r the States last week.
c No one . . (p red ict) last night's th u nd ersto rm . It was a
h I think you should have/had to apologized to Samantha.
I needn't/didn't have to work last Sunday. I had a day off.

tota l surprise.
Th at lett er must/might have arrived by now. I sent it yesterday.
d Do you think I (call ) Nick?
a Find the in correct sentences .

e No ne of us
Phi l
(get up) early so we slept till eight.
.. (send) me these flowers but I' m glad he did!
n You should have watched the film last night. It was great.
b I hadn't to go to work last week so I went to stay w ith f riends.

9 I think Tom . ............... (be) here. I th ink I saw his car.
c Pete must gone out. The door's locked.

h We .. (clean) the flat because the kids had already done it.
d I would have got full marks if I'd stud ied a bit harder.
e We needn't to hurry - we had plenty of time.

a True or false?
J im can't swi m till he was twelve .
a Jo shouldn't have been so silly.

The pho ne w as ringing when I came in . It might be Lisse.
Jo wasn't silly. True D False D
h Did you must get up early when you worked on the farm?
b That must have been an eagle.

W e shouldn' t have st ayed out so late . I'm tired now.
Do yo u th ink that man we saw can have been the burglar?
I' m sure it was an eagle . True D False D

c You couldn 't hav e been there .
I' m sur e you weren 't there . True D False D
d I didn't have t o go to school yesterday.
I probably went to school. True D False D
~ C@]
Mo dals in the past

A Modals in the past
Use must have + past participle t o say
• Yo u use must have + past participle to say that yo u bel ieve that something was
t hat yo u be lie ve t hat someth ing was
t rue in t he past. Yo u usually believ e it was tru e because of something you know.
true in the past.
It must have taken you ages to write that report. (I know it was a very lo ng report.)
It must have rai ned last night. (The gro und is wet.)
B
Use can 't /co uldn 't have + past partic iple
• You use cen't/coukin 't have + past part iciple to say t hat you bel ieve th at
to say that you be lieve tha t something
something was impossible in t he past. You usually bel ieve it was im po ssib le
was imposs ib le in the past.

because of somet h ing you know.
He can 't have come home very late . (I was still awake when he carne back.)
C
He couldn 't have committed the murder. (He was somewhere else at the time.)
Use didn't ha ve to /h ad to t o talk ab ou t

t hi ngs t hat weren 't or were necessa ry
• You use had to and didn't have to to ta lk about th ings t ha t were or weren't
in t he past .
necessary in the past.
I had to leave at ten . (I had another meeting to ge t t o .)
D
I didn't have to wear a uniform at school. (The school rules didn 't require it .)
Use needn 't have + past part ic ip le to

say th at so meth ing wasn't necessary in
• You use needn't have + past participle to say th at someth ing wasn 't necessary
t he past bu t t hat it happened anyway.
in the pas t but that it happened anyway.
You needn 't have sent me the roses . (It wasn't necessary but I'm very gratefu l.)
E
Us e should/shouldn't have + past
• You use should/shouldn't have + past participle to say th at someth ing was the
partic ip le to say th at somethi ng was t he
rig ht or w rong thing to do in the pas t .
right or w rong th ing to do in the past.

You should have gone home. (It was t he right t h ing to do but yo u didn't go.)
He shouldn 't have said that. (It was a bad t hing to do bu t he did it.)
F
Use m ighUcould have + pas t part ici p le
• You use mighUcould have + past participle to say t hat someth ing was a
to say that something was a possibi lity.
possibility in the past.
I think that might have been the postman. (I'm not su re but it' s possi ble.)
G
Jane could have sent me the chocolates. (It's possib le it was Jane w ho sent them .)
Use couldn 't/could and wasn 't able

to /was able to to talk abo ut ab ility in
• You use could/cou ldn't and was/wasn 't able to to talk about abi lity in t he past.
the past.
I could/was able to read when I was four.
He couldn't/wesn 't able to swim till he was ten .
H
Us e w ould/wouldn 't have + past
• You use would/wouldn't have + pas t participle in t h ird conditional sentences .
part icip le in th ird co nd iti o nal sentences.

Tim would have helped yo u if he'd been here.
(But he wasn't here so he didn't.)

I wouldn 't have gone ou t if I'd known it was raining.
i n formil ti~n,
For ,Ill o re
Hov iuw pa gu o p posi te.
SHO th o II~.;> (But I dld go 0 111.)
Verb patterns
Test it ~ Test it again ~.

o Complete the sentences. Use t he correct form of t he verbs in brackets. o Solve t he clues t o comp lete t he cro ssword. Use the correct form of t h e
verbs below.
a Yo u w o n't believe th is ! J immy wan ts m e "." .." ." " (go) ou t
tie regret laugh like revise w an t talk enjoy
with hi m!
give hop e see p refer rem ind be take
b Carla says she'd prefer .. . .. ..... "" ... " ....." ...... (stay) in t han g o ou t to nig ht .
Across Down
c M ike loves " " .. . (chat) to new peopl e. 3 Who w ant s to .. . a m il liona ir e? 1 I to say t hat you're wro ng th is time.
d Ar e yo u in te rest ed in (pl ay) tenni s w it h me somet ime? 4 I'd ... to pay in cash. 2 I to see yo u again on e day.
6 Stop ... fo r a seco nd, pl ease! 5 She stopped to her shoe laces.
o Sally denied .. " .. (eat ) th e sweets even t ho ug h it was
9 We're loo king forward to . ,. 7 Don't m ake me !
obvio us she had . you soo n. 8 Do you regr et not ... fo r the exa m ?
W ill you let us . (wa tc h) TV if w e do o ur homewor k? 10 Wou ld yo u ... to go fo r a walk? 11 Do t he kids play ing te nnis?
14 He su gg est ed ... th e bus. 12 Do es Tom to m arry Gisell a?
{) My g ran d fathe r ta ug ht us " " (fish) with rods an d nets .
15 Please .. . me to pay th e gas bil l. 13 Jack per suaded his boss t o . .. h im a
h I reg ret "" ." " (say) that I com p lete ly for got you r bi rt hday. pay rise.
I w on 't next year.
'r-
I'm so rr y bu t I do n't rem em ber .. . (m eet) yo u befo re.
Wh at do you ho pe ....... ...... ." . .... (b e) wh en you g row up? cz 3
-
nd and correct t he m istakes. 4
I sugg ested t o hav e a pic nic at th e w eekend . s-'

b She m ad e m e to do al l th e w ash ing -u p and m ake th e beds!
-
c
d
Tony always per suades m e relaxing.
I can' t dr ink co ffee w ith o ut t o put three spoonfu ls o f suga r in it.
6 7
I I
he lect urer let me to hand in m y essay late. ~

1 l.--J
We sto pped having lunc h beca use w e w ere hu ng ry.

9
So, w hat do yo u advise m e do in g?
h J ill w ill nev er fo rge t to los e her son i n t he sho pping cent re.
I Please don 't let m e for gett ing to post t his lett er. 10 11
L..
J We all dislike to w ork here. Th e pay is terrible.

~
f- - -
f-
[13 f- I-
f-
14
'
5
r
~ ~
~lD Verb patterns
Answers to Test it
Fix it notes
o Review
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A
Verb patterns
Use the -ing fo rm (not the infinitive)
@ a to go -+ F f watch -+ G Using the -in g form
after a prepos itio n, e.g. in, without.
b to stay -+ C 9 to fish -+ F
c chatting -+ B h to say -+ 0
• You use the -ing form (not the infinitive) after a prepositio n, e.g . about, at, in,
B like, of, without, etc .
d playing -+ A i meeting -+ E
Use the -ing form (not the infin itive ) We're really looking forward to seeing you. Is Charlie interested in music?
e eating -+ B j to be -+ C after some verbs, e.g. deny, dislike,
l ~) 8 te-heve having -+ B love, suggest.
• You use the -ing form (not the infinitive) after some verbs, e.g. can't bear, can't
b te-ee- do -+ G
stand, dislike, don't mind, enjoy, finish, go, hate, like, love, mean, suggest, etc.
cr~ to relax -+ F C
It means getting up really early but at least the flight is cheap.
d t-e-f;lttt putting -+ A Some verbs are followed by the
et~ handin -+ G infinitive (not the -ing form), e.g. hope, The verb go is very com mon when you're talking about sports.
f hevi-flg to have -+ 0 would prefer. I suggested going to Majorca. Let 's go jogging/swimming/cycling .
9 deffifj to do -+ F Using the infinitive

h te-lose losing -+ E o
I forflettfflg- forget -+ G Us e the infinitive after regret when • You use the infinitive (not t he -ing form) after some verbs, e.g. agree, decide,
I te-werk working -+ B it means t hat you are sorry about hope, learn, manage, need, promise, want, would like/love/hate/prefer, etc .
someth ing you're going to say. Use the She promised not to eat the sweets, He' d prefer to pay cash if that's OK.
infin it ive after stop when it means that

'.~ ~~~go to JJage 71. irest yourself again, Verbs that take both the -ing form and infinitive
yo u stop doing one thing in order to do
another thing . You use the -ing form or the infinitive after some verbs, e.g. forget, regret,

remember, stop, try. Be careful ! The meaning of the verb changes.
u~ E stop
~I~~
r]
'h ~~ Use the -ing form after remember and Sheila stopped to say hello. (She stopped wha t she was doing. She said 'Hello'.)
() -:q forget when you're ta lking about a Mary stopped saying she was hungry. (She kept saying she was hungry. T hen
p rl~ ' t memory.

f, F
she stopped .)
forget
I forgot to lock the car. (It's unlocked.)
'u Some verbs are followed by object + I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. (It' s an importa nt m em o ry .)
infinitive, e.g . advise, persuade, teach , remember
want. Do you remember meeting me for the first time? (Is it a memory you hav e?)
11 . . .
n Did you remember to lock the car? (Som etimes you fo rg et. )
I,In19II ~
G
'q- o n r egr et
" 1k lJ
Use object + base form of the v erb after I regret shouting at the dog. (I shouted. I'm sorry th at I did.)
let and make. I regret to say you're fired. (I'm going to tell you you're fi red. I'm sorry about it. )
1"1
Object + infinitive
, Fo r more information, see the

Review page opposit e. ,[:> • You can put the object + infini tive after some verbs, e.g. advise, allow,
encourage, tiolp, order, persuade, prefer, rem ind, teach, want, etc.
We encoumqaa tho children to 108m French 8S well as Italian.
Action and state verbs

o Choose the best opt ion , A or B. If both op ti ons are possi b le, choose both . o Complete t he dia logues. Use t he sim p le or cont inuo u s for ms of th e verbs .
a Oh, no! Last week I ". " ,.." 50 kilos. This w eek it's 56! If bot h f o rm s are possible, writ e bot h .
A weighe d B w as w eig h ing Kim : W hat 8 ... . .... (you / do)?
b Oonagh ..,." ... a letter when I ca lled in to see her. Ib
Nick: (m easu re) the staircase. We
A wrote B was writing
c Th ese kids .." ." ... too much noise. (need) a new carpet for it.
A m ake B are maki ng
d Why on earth ..." ..... at me like that? Is th er e someth ing o n my f ace? Boy: Can you come upstairs? M y head d .... , , , (hurt) .
A d o you look B are you looking
Ie (t hin k) I'm ill.
e Billy ........ a word his teacher said thi s morn ing .
A w asn't understanding B didn't und erstand Mother: OK . I f __ . . . __ . .. __ .. __ . (come), don 't worry.
Jo a house in Lucca. 9 .. , .. , "., .., , , ,- (you/ w ant) an aspirin?
A has B is having
9 Anthonv amazed when I told him the news .
i . ; .. . "
A loo ked B was looking Boss: So, M r Jones, I h ... __ , .. (u nd erst and ) you
h I ....."" this headli ne! 'Man bites dog ' it sounds absurd. (not / Iike) working for us any more. Is that
A ' rn no t believing B do n' t be lieve
right?
We someone to love.
A are all needing B all need Employee: W ell , yes. i t _ . (fee l) it's time I changed m y
Sarah says she .. ... a bit sick this morn ing . caree r.
A feels B 's f eeling
e Write the correct f o rm of t he verbs in brackets . Andy: What k , (we / have) for lu nch? I' m st ar vi ng.
Kate: I' m not sure any more. This ham I bought yesterday
a I (know ) you love me rea ll y.
b Kare n (admire) Richard . _... __ ....... .____ . . __ . (taste) a bit funny to me. Here, you try it .
c Now I (taste) the sou p to see if it's got eno ugh salt in it.
d (y o u I want) anything or are you OK? e Choose the best optio n .
e Th e party's great, Mark. We (have) a fantastic t ime. a This can is containing/contains paraffin so be careful w it h it.
f N at ash a (not I mean) to be rud e to m e yesterday. b Hi, Monica. I'm adm iring/admire y o ur garden . What's that rose called?
9 I (b elong) to a bird-watching club and I lov e it ! c I'm thinking/think we should go and live somewhere hot. How about you?
h You look sad . What (you / thin k) about? d We ha ve/re hav ing a lovely t ime i n Switzerla nd. I wish you were here.
Th e judge (fee l) t hat the appropriate sent enc e is te n years in j ail. e We w ent to a terr ib le restaurant. The soup was t asting/tasted like water.
Loui se (not I understand) what you said . f You seem/are seeming very worried. Is everything OK?
9 It really isn't mattering/doesn't matter what I th ink. .
h That m otorbike costs/is costing too much . I' ll take the other one.
Poor Debbie. She 's fee ling/feels she made the wrong decision .
You strongly resemble/are strongly re sembling an old boyfriend of mine.
~ C@]
~ ~m
Act ion and state verbs
Answers to Test it
Read the right Fix it note to find out why. A Action and state verbs
Use action verbs in the si m ple or
(I) a A -+ c f A -+ C Verbs can express either states or actions. An action means that something happens.
continuous form, depending on the
bB -+ A gA -+ C So m e typical action verbs are decide, go, jump, listen, run, speak and work.
situation . Follow the usual rules.
c A, B -+ A hB -+ B A state means t hat something remains the same . Some typical stat e verbs are like,
dB -+ 0 i B -+ B B love, hate, know, believe and understand.
e B . -+ 8 j A,B -+ E Use the simple form (not the
You use action and state verbs differently in English. Here are som e ru les to help you
~ ~) a know -+ B continuous) with most state verbs,
decide whether to use the simple or continuous form with certa in verbs.
b admires -+ C e.g. believe, belong, know, mean, need,
c 'rn tasting -+ D understand and wan t.
Act ion verbs
d Do you want -+ B
e 're having -+ 0 C • You use action verbs in the simple or continuous form, depending on the situation.
f didn't mean -+ B Use the simple form (not th e I often go to the cinema. Where are you going?
9 belong -+ B continuous) when certain verbs, Stan read fifteen books last m onth.
h are you thinking -+ 0 e.g. admire, feel, have , look, weig h, Yesterday, I was reading a book by Duncan Forbes.
i feels -+ C etc.. have stative meanings.
j didn't understand -+ B State verbs
D
• You use the simple form (not the continuous) with most state verbs.
. .. '~111101
Use the continuous form (not the
I t~~ go to page 75. ifest yourself again. This medication contains caffeine. NOT Fhismedication is-eontainifltl caffeine;
simple) when certa in verbs, e.g. have,
Do you need anything? NOT Are-you-needing anything-?
look, taste and think, have active
m eani ngs.
• You use the simple or continuous form with a few state verbs when there is no
.Ii a are you doing 9 Do you want
difference in meaning . These verbs are feel, ache and hurt.
b I'm measuring h understand E
I'm feeling a bit depressed. OR I feel a bit depressed.
c need i don't like Use the simple or continuous form with
My head's aching. OR My head aches.
d hurts/is hurting j feel a few state verbs, e.g. feel, when there's
My tummy's hurting. OR My tummy hurts.
e think k are we having no difference in meaning .
f 'rn coming I tastes
Note: It's possible that you'll hea r native speakers using other state verbs in the
2 a contains f seem continuous form. However, if you want to be sure you don 't make m ist akes,
b
c
d
'rn admiring
think
're having
9
h
i
doesn't matter
costs
feels
, For more informa tion, see the

,[:>
it's probably best to follow t hese rules .
State and action verbs

e tasted j strongly resemble
• Some v erbs can have bo th a state and an action mean ing . You use the simple
form (not the co ntin uou s) when they have stative mean ings. For some examples,
see page 86.
Note: With verbs of perception (feel, hear, see, smell, taste) you often use can/can 't
and could/couldn 't.
I could tienr tho WHVtlS crash ing down on the beach.
I cnn tnsto curry in tbls dish . Cnn you smell burning?
o Choose the best optio n. o Choose t he best optio n, A or B.
a John ta lks and talks and ta lks and ye t he never savs/tells any t hing .
a Do n't me you've lost your keys again.
b I don't like my boss. He makes/lets me do all the photocopy ing .
A say B tell
c Are you coming/going round to my place this eveni ng?
b French and Flem ish are in Belg ium.
d Do sto p ta lkir1g/speaking ru bbi sh.
A talked B spoken
e Wh en yo u go/come ro und, co uld you bring my video back?
c It w as a g reat day. Th ey even us stroke the kang aro os.
f What language do th ey speak/talk in Uzbek ista n?
A made B let
9 Please say/tell me w hat's wrong .
d Why don 't yo u ........ rou nd to J ean's place and ask her out?
h Let 's begin/start Word and w rit e th e letter.
A go B co me
I'm go ing t o bring/fetch t he kid s fro m school now. Back in a sec. e Sh al l I ........_. you out so mewhere t o nig ht?
Oh, p lease make/let me stay up and w atc h the f il m. A brin g B take
f Can you ......... m e what t he ti m e is, please?
a Find and cor rect t he mistakes in t he verbs in t hese sentences . A tell B say
a Cou ld yo u please t ell that ag ain ? I didn 't hear you properly. 9 W hat com pl ete ru bbish you .
b Hav e I ever said you I love yo u?
A speak B talk
c 'Could you come here , please?' 'OK. I' m going.'
h 'Where's th e co rkscrew?' ' In the kitchen. I'll go and it.'
d He talks French w ell.
A bri ng B fetc h
e I'll m ake you stay if you prom ise to be good .
Let's .......... to th e park.
f I can't beg in t he eng ine. I thi nk there's someth ing wro ng with it.
A go B come
9 Could you fetch this video back to the shop fo r m e?
Liz _ .... the tr ut h. Ma rk lie d.
h Kate's br inging her dog to th e vet's. He's unwe ll.

A said B to ld
Lia said us a joke yesterday. It was ve ry funny.
I'd love to come and liv e in Italy but I can't .

e Complete the sentences wi th a verb fro m the list in the correct f orm .
say m ake fetch tell go come talk (x2) speak start
a l a nce met a m an who ju st co uldn't st o p .. lies.

b As soo n as term fi ni shes I' m ............ .... ....... t o Spain .
c He has tr avell ed a lot and ............... severa l lang uages.
d He's a good dog. I th row the ball and he it.

e I _ _. . M icrosoft Windows bu t noth ing happened.
Let's invite Joh n to th e meeting. He always sense !
9 The baby . her fi rst word. It was 'dog', unfortunately.
h over here . I wa nt to show you something .
If o nly anima ls could ...... - -. . to us. I wonder what they'd say.
My m u rn . me come ho me by ten o'clock.
CEQ] ~
~ [;IbID Confus ing verbs
Answers to Test it
Read the right Fix it note to find out why, A Confusing verbs
,]It a says Use say (not tell) to talk about speech
~ A f speak ~ C
in general. Use tell (not say) when Say, speak, tell and talk
b makes ~ f 9 tell ~ 8
you're i nf o rm ing or instructing • You use say (not tell) t o talk about speech in general. Yo u use tell (not say)
c coming ~ 0 h start ~ G
someone . Use tell in certa in f ixed when you're info rm ing someone about something or giving them instructions.
d talking ~ G i fetch ~ E
express ions w ith joke, story, lie, etc . He said something funny the other day. What did you say?
e come ~ D j let ~ F
I told you not to climb on the chairs. I'll tell you how to get there.
i21 a teH say ~ (), B

b said told ~ A,S Put a personal direct object or • Always put a personal direct object or someone's name after tell and told.
c going- coming ~ D someone 's nam e after tell/told. Never put a personal direct object after say or said.
d talks speaks ~ C Don 't put a personal direct ob ject after We 're going to tell Katy about the article. Did you say something?
e~ let ~ F say/said.
f begifl start ~ G • You use tell in certa in fixed expressions.
9 feten take ~ f:' C Tell ties/e story/the time/e joke/the truth/the difference.
hbr~ taking ~ E Use speak to refer to languages and the
i sam told ~ A.6 physical abil ity to speak . Use talk in • You use speak wh en you 're referring to lang uages and to refer to the physical
j eeme go ~ C expressions wi th rubbish, sense, etc . ab ility to speak.
I speak French and Italian. Of course he can't speak to you. He's a rabbit.
N9:w,~ [~a g e 79. irest yourself a,gain .

o
• You use talk in fixed expressions with rubbish, no nsense, sense, etc. and to
Use come for a movement in the
refer to the act of speaking .
Answers to Test it again d irection of the speaker. Use go for a
Don 't talk rubbish. Let 's talk about it tonight. Co m e and talk to me!
movement away from the speaker.
aB bB cB dA eB
fA 9B hB iA jB
E
Come and go ; bring, take and fetch
' 2 a telling f talks Use bring to talk about a movement in • You use come to talk about a movement in the direction of the speaker or th e
b going 9 said the d irection of the speaker. Use take to person you're speaking to . You use go to talk about a movement away from the
c speaks h Come talk about other movements. Use fetch speaker or the perso n you 're speaking to.
d fetches i ta lk w hen you mean 'go and br ing back' . Com e over here a second. I'd love to go to Venezuela .
e started j makes
F • You use bring to talk about a movement in the direction of the speaker or the
Use make to force someone to do person you're speaking to. You usa take to talk about other movements. Yo u
something. Use let to allow Someone to use fetch when you mean 'go and bring back ' .
do something . Could you bring a bottle of w ine round? I'll take the laptop with me .
My dog's good at fetching sticks.
G
Use start (no t begin) when you're Make and let; start and begin
setting something in motion, e.g . an • You use make when someone forces someone else to do something. You use
engine.
let when someone allows someone alse to do something.
He mukos me do tho washing-up . Will you let me come with you?
For .m o re
Rnv iow
inf orma ti~n , see the
Il ;UI A nnnn <o" A
II r-.> • YOII una sum (not heoin) whon you 're re ferring to selling something in motion,
o Find t he incorrect sentences. o Co mplete the sentences. Use a phrasal verb fr o m t he list in t he correct t ense.
ru n ou t of get ove r set o ff tell off let do w n
a The mi lk's gone off. 9 \. Have yo u le t the flo g ou t? p u t up switch o ff knock d ow n take off l ook up
It smells terrible!
"-J a Did th e plane . o n tim e?
h ( --We ca n' t put this situatio n "') ..................... -....

b The building is unstab le. \. up with any longer. ,:
They' r e going to knock down it. ~-
That' s strange - Karen'S fo r

c ( IOf'v l'<1 ke"" h is fa tln-r a fter. -\ gone off somewhere .
'. 1"1 1<' \ "e gOI the sanu - ev('~ . )
'--- . "'\'
' -,\
..... ........ the num ber .......... in the
lf you ' d like 10 come an d .~ (' c. us,
d I just don't know the answer. we r an pu t you up for thr- n ight .
Geo rge has rea lly . , me t hi s t im e.
I give up.
He fai led his exa ms agai n,
k How o n earth are we going 9 Th ey' re goi ng to . t hese flat s and bu ild ho uses.
e Take off your jacket a nd to get this problem round? h Don't tell me w e've . . .. milk again .
make yourself co m fo rtable. soon, w e wo n't get th ere in tim e.
If w e d on't .
We do n't need that lig ht o n. Coul d yo u it
I can' t hear t he music. ............. ................ ... ... ?

Can you please tur n up it ?
e Fi nd and co rrect t he m ist akes.
a He kept w orking on all night.
b I th ink I' ll go w ith Charlie o ut if he asks me .
9 Choo se t he best op t ion. c Yo u' ll feel bett er wh en yo u'v e go t yo ur co ld ov er.
d Yo u should n't put w ith yo ur salar y up. It's not eno ug h.
a Cou ld y ou pick u p me/pick me up fro m t he office?
e Can you put up me to nig ht? I've got nowhere to go .
b Jason made it up/made up it.
t How do y ou manage to get on so litt le m o ney by ?
c Nat alie went back her prom ise on /went back on her pro m ise.
9 T he b usin ess w asn' t do ing we ll so t hey clo sed do w n it.
d .1im asked you after/asked after yo u .
h Can yo u get ho ld so me fr ee software of f or m e?
e Can yo u look after my puppy/look my puppy after ?
W hy d oesn 't he co rne u p a suggestio n with ?
She's gon e the rep ort thro ug h but she can't find th e righ t page.
[120]
~ [;Ibm Phrasal verbs
Answers to Test it
Check you r answers. Wrong answer?
Read the righ t Fix it note to find out why. A Phrasal verbs
Some phrasal verbs don 't take an
@ a correct ~ A Phrasal verbs are verbs follow ed by a short word, e.g. up, in, after. The short word
object. Use subject + phrasal verb.
b lffioek-6ewft--it m ay be a preposition (of, for) or an adverb particle (awa y, back). Phrasal verbs have a
knock it down ~ B mean ing that is different from the meaning of the verb itself. So, for example, you
B
c takes··his..fathef--a#er may know w hat th e verb brea k means but th at doesn't necessarily help you to
Some phrasal verbs take an object. The
takes after his father ~ C understand the phrasa l ve rb break off. You can learn phrasa l verbs in the same way
object can go either before or after th e
d correct ~ A that yo u learn new items of vocabulary but you also need to know the follow ing rules.
short word (up, after, in, for, etc.), If the
e correct ~ B object is a pronoun (me, it, him, etc.), • Some ph rasal verbs don't take an object. You use the subject + phrasal verb.
f ttffl'Mt,Ht turn it up ~ B
put it before the short word. The plane took off at seven. We set off for the beach early that morning.
9 correct ~ B
(The plane left the runway.) (We went to the beach.)

hf'Ut-t~th
C
put up with this situation ~ 0
Some phrasa l verbs take an object but Note that phrasal verbs can often have more than one mean ing.
i correct ~ A
you can't put the object between the This meat has gone off. Paddy's gone off somewhere. I don 't know where.
j correct ~ B
verb and the short word (up, in, after, (It's bad. We can't eat it.) (Paddy's gone away. )
kget-t~
for, etc.).
get round this problem ~ C
• Some phrasa l verbs take an object. The ob ject can go either before or after t he
12' a pick me up ~ 8 o short word. If t he ob jec t is a pro noun (me, it, her, etc.). yo u pu t it before th e
b made it up ~ B Some phrasal verbs have two sh ort short wo rd .
c went back on ~ D wo rds (to, with, forward, etc.) after t he We've cu t the old apple tree down . OR We've cut down the old apple tree,
d asked after you ~ C verb. You can't pu t the object between We've cut it down. NOT We've cut flown -it;
e look after my puppy ~ g the verb and the short words. I picked Billy up at the station. OR I picked up Billy at the station.
I picked him up. NOT f oo'eked ue -him.
. ~~~9 0 to Rage 83. irest yourself again .

. I~ a take off f let ... down
I
For more information, see th e
J> • Some phrasa l verbs t ake an object bu t yo u can't put t he object between the
verb and the sho rt w ord .
Sally takes after her mother. NOT Sally-takes her mether-ette«
(She looks or behaves like her mother.)
b get over 9 knock down Sally takes after her. NOT Sally1akes-l'tet-ttftff;
c put up h run out of
d told off i set off • Some phrasal verbs hav e two short words after the verb. You can't put the
e look up j switch ... off ob ject between the verb and the short words,
I'm sorry. We' ve run out of coffee. NOT WeIve run eoffee o ot-ot.
'2; 8 kept on working
b go out w ith Charlie

(We hav en't got any coffee left.)
I've come up w ith a brilliant idea! NOT lIve come {} brillianHtJtHt-ttp-with.
c got over your co ld
d put up with your salary

(I've had a brill iant idea .)
e put me up ton ight
f ge t by on so little
9 cl osed it d own
It got hol d o f some
State and action verbs
State Action Present forms of verbs Past forms of verbs

I have (= own ) a sma ll house.
I'm having lun ch/a bat h/a grea t t ime. Present simple of be Past simple of be
... _. , ..
I th ink (= beli eve) yo u' re righ t.

I'm I/he/s he/i t was
W hat are yo u thinking about at the
he/she/it 's we /y ou/t hey were
m om ent?
w e/you/they're IIhe/sh e/it wasn 't
I feel (= have an opinion) it's the I' m feeli n g a bit depressed.

I' m not w e/you /t hey weren 't
rig ht thing to do .
he/she/it isn't I Was IIhe/sh e/it ?
He lo oks (= seems ) ha ppy . w e/you/they aren 't ; Were w e/y ou/t hey ?
Wh at's the cat looking at?
Am 17 r-~~ ~~- S;-~~I~-~~ -~-egUlar -~e~~~--- ..- ...- ... -....
He app ears (= seems) to be happy. He's appearing on several chat shows Is he/she/i t?
to da y. ! I/he/she/itlwe/you/they worked
A re we/you/they?
i IIh e/she/itl w e/y o ulthey did n't work
I see (= understand) t he pro blem.
Are you seeing t he doctor this morn ing? I Did IIh e/she/i t/you/th ey work?
Present simple !. -_._ - - ---- - - ._. '.-. _ _- - --.
I weigh abo ut 52 kilos .
I'm j ust weighing the ing red ients. I/w e/yo u/t h ey w ork Past simple of irregular verbs
Pet e's mea surin g himself . He's

Th e ro om me asures 10 m et res by he/she/ it works I/ he/sh e/it/we/yo u/th ey w ent
growing fast. 5 metres. I/we/you/they don 't work I/h e/she/i t/w e/you /t hey di dn 't go
he/she/it doesn 't work Did IIhe/sh e/itl we /y ou/th ey go ?
I'm sm elling the m ilk t o see if it 's Th is m eat sme lls bad . Do I/w e/you/t hey work?
gone off . I Past continuous
Does he/she/it work ?
She's t asting the soup in case it It t astes like water but it's lemonade.
I IIhe/she/it was working
n eeds m ore salt. Present continuous : w e/you/they were working
I'm workin g ! I/he/she/it wasn 't w orking
How much is it cost ing yo u to repair How m uch does th is cost ?
he/sh e/it's working we/yo u/they weren 't w or king
the roof?
we/yo u/t hey ' re working Was I/he/she /it working?
I'm just adm iring you r car. It loo ks I really ad m ire your courage . I' m not w orki ng L.Y"~ r~ ~e/~o~/~~~ _~ o~ k i_~g! _
great. he/shelit isn 't working I Present perfect simple
we/you/they aren 't working I
Sh e's carin g fo r th e sic k in Calcu tta I do n't car e w hat yo u say. I I/w e/you/t hey 've w orked
Am I work ing?
nt the mo ment. I he/she/it's w ork ed
Is h e/she/i t w orki ng? I IIwe/yo u/t hey haven 't w orked
Are w e/you/t hey working?
he/she/it hasn't worked
Hav e I!we/you/t hey work ed?
Has he/she/ it worked ?
r -- -- o.
, Present perfect continuous

! I/we/yo u/they 'v e been w or ki ng
he/s he/it's bee n w orking
I/w e/y o u/t h ey haven 't been w orking
he/she/i t has n 't been w orking
Hav e I/w e/y o u/t hey b een workin g?
Has h e/she/i t been work in g ?
Past perfect simple
I/ho/sho/itlw e/you/th oy'd seen
I/h .. Juhn / i t J'A,,, /un t IIth,-" , h •.,,,",• • • :111':111"

Common irregular verbs
Base form I Past sim ple : Past participle Base form I Past simple ! Past par t iciple
beat beat beaten know knew known
become became become learn learnt learnt
beg in began begun leave left left
bend bent bent lend lent lent
bite bit bitten light lit lit
bleed bled bled lose lost lost
blow blew blown make made made
break broke broken meet met met
bring brought I brought pay paid paid
build built built put I put put

burn burnt burnt read read read
burst burst burst ride rode ridden
buy bought bought ring rang rung
catch caught caught run ran run
choose chose chosen say said said
come came come see saw seen
cost cost cost sell sold sold
cut cut cut send sent sent
dea l dealt dealt shake shook shaken
dig dug dug shine shone shone
do did done shoot shot shot
draw drew drawn show showed shown
dream dreamt dreamt shut shut shut
drink drank drunk sing sang sung
drive drove driven sink sank sunk
eat ate eaten sit sat sat
fall fell fallen sleep slept slep t
feed fed fed smell smelt smelt
feel felt felt speak spoke spoken
fight fought fought spell spelt spelt
find found found spend spent spent
fly flew flow n spill spilt spilt
forget forgot forgotten stand stood stood
forgive forgave forgiven steal stole stolen
freeze froze f rozen stick stuck

stuck
get got got swim swam swum
give gave given take took taken
go went gone/been teach taught taught
grow grew grown tear tore tore
have had had tell told told
hear heard heard think thought thought
hide hid hidden throw threw thrown
hit hit hit understand understood understood
hold held held wear wore worn
hurt hurt hurt win won won
keep kept kept write wrote written

Test It Fix It - English Verbs &amp; Tenses - Intermediate

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Test It Fix It - English Verbs &amp; Tenses - Intermediate

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Contents

(";"':1 1 Clarendo n Street, Ox for d OX 2 6D P

O xf ord U n iv ersity Press is a department o f the U n iv ersit y of Ox ford . Present tenses 6

It 1IIIthers the University's objective of excellence in research,

Dill us S alaam De lhi Hong Kong Ist anb u l Karachi Kolkat8

Ku nl a l .umpur Madrid M el bo u rn e M e x ico City Mu m bai Nairobi

110" 11l111al II ~J II1 S o f th e author have been asserte d

I II ~ t pnill fslwd 2003

I lwei 1I11pre% IUn 20 0 3

N o un aut h ori zed pho toco py ing Reported speech (2) 42

Plll ~ H, ()I 11S expressly permitted by law, or under te rm s agreed

Von must not Circu la te t h is book in any other binding or cov er

Modals in the past 66

Iu tuunn tion only. Oxfor d U n iv ersit y Press disclaims any

rlJlIllllllllilJlli ty for t he content

ISII N 0 1!J 43H07t1 2

ll lu utratud hv Tamsin Cook Phrasa l verbs 82

11) )( 1 lnvo ut l i nd dusiUn by

C/'Irll i l/ idll" Publishinn Management Ltd

State and action verbs 86

1'I IIItuclill CI1I/I:'

List of irregular vorb 88

· : :;-...::: ~;~.'..:. .:.:~~.A; :: ; :;:. ~·:~ . :;: , ~:·t..' :'·

I :.:: :'.~_. " .

~ ~::!:::·::~··~:X·',7·::: ...,•...-. answers .

: :- ::::'~:';"~':::'::- .... • <

CD Check your answers.

e Go to the Fix it page and check your

answers before yo u do Test it again.

o Check you r answers. I.l .. ~ , ,,,, () '~ ~ r. M ~, rr.P I~

1 ~,n l ~~ 4I'I ~t ·,,'t;-· ..

You can fo ld the page to

C . ... , r>o ~~_ "" • ., ~

Wr ong answer7 Look for the · ,.. - ., ~ , _ .~ .

vr',.f''' '-'-J'' 'U ~.. · . I ~ """' I'lJ i ,, ~ -,

If y ou need more inf ormation,

o Now go back to the socond page and do Test it again.

Test it ~ Test it again ~

2 Somethi ng ha ppe ning no w

Li sa: OK, t hanks. W hat about y o u? c " y o u st ill

a Dav id goes fo r a run every day.

b I' m meet ing George and Phil at the jazz concert .

c Look! The dog's digg ing a hole i n your garden agai n.

Sam (pl ay) a lot of footb all th es e days. He w an ts t o g et f it .

e Choose t he correct quotation in each p a ir.

c 's playing ~ E C If I say I love you , I mean it.

d finishes ~ C Us e th e present simple to ta lk about

9 's standing and/or place. MP3 p layers are getting cheaper.

, For more inf o rmatio n, see the

Review pag e o pposite.

Test it ~ Test it again ~I

'' 1 '" / A was used to B used to

V c Pete soon travelling between home and work.

Do you use to play any sports

b Would you have lo n g hai]: 9

whe n ~·o u we re yo u nge r?

e As a chi ld, she .. dream of living in a cast le.

c Did you used to wat ch a lot of TV?

A were n't used t o B never used to

he'd be famous one day. Do you think we __ . __ living in London?

A 'II get used to B used to

T he child ren __ often play hide -and-seek in the woods.

e A got used to B would

Test It Fix It - English Verbs & Tenses - Intermediate

Test It Fix It - English Verbs & Tenses - Intermediate

he'd be famous one day. Do you think we . living in London?