Products Solutions Services

Classification of Hazardous Areas

Installation considerations for hazardous areas

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

The world of hazardous classification

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

ATEX / IEC Ex Device declaration

Use the device In which Zone How the What is the What max In which Zone
under ground you can use device is max ignition ignition surface you can use the
or above the device ? designed to energy can be temp can device ?
ground ? avoid an exposed from appear on the
explosion ? the device ? device ?
Ta & Tp !!!
Equipment Equipment Protection Gas group Temperature Equipment
group category Type class Protection Level

ATEX II 1/2G Ex de IIC T2-T6 Ga/Gb

IECEx - - Ex de IIC T2-T6 Ga/Gb
Explosion
Protection - 18 12-15 6 6 18
(CP00021Z)
Explanation table based on Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Equipment group - ATEX

• Under ground (mining, etc)

I • Special requirements to the housing, besides Ex.
• E+H does not provide instruments

II
• all above ground applications
• E+H does provide instruments

IECEx covers this equipment class classification (e.g. Ga/Gb)

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Zone Classification according to ATEX

Zones are classified according the probability of the occurrence of explosive

mixtures Occurrence of
Zone 2 Gas Dust
explosive
mixtures mixtures
atmosphere
Zone 1
Not likely to occur
or only for short Zone 2 Zone 22
Zone 0 period

Likely to occur
Zone 1 Zone 21
occasionally
Fluid
Continuously or
for long periods or Zone 0 Zone 20
frequently

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Equipment classification according to ATEX

Group II
Group I
Equipment category (IIA/IIB/IIC)
Mining industry
Gas-/Dust-Ex
Normal level of Normal level of
protection (safe 3G/3D protection (safe
without fault) without fault)

High level of protection

M2 2G/2D
(safe with 1 fault)

Very high level of

protection (safe with 2 M1 1G/1D
faults)

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Equipment classification according to IEC

Group II Group III

Group I
Equipment category (IIA/IIB/IIC) (IIIA/IIIB/IIIC)
Mining industry
Gas-Ex Dust-Ex
Normal level of
protection (safe Gc Dc
without fault)

High level of protection

Mb Gb Db
(safe with 1 fault)

Very high level of

protection (safe with 2 Ma Ga Da
faults)
• IIIA flyings
• IIIB non –conductive
 Ignition energy
dusts
IIC>IIB>IIA
• IIIC conductive dusts
(IIIC>IIIB>IIIA)

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Equipment designation to zones

Gas - Ex

Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2

ATEX category 1G 1G or 2G 1G or 2G or 3G
IEC (EPL*) Ga Ga or Gb Ga or Gb or Gc

Dust - Ex

Zone 20 Zone 21 Zone 22

ATEX category 1D 1D or 2D 1D or 2D or 3D
IEC (EPL*) Da Da or Db Da or Db or Dc

* EPL = Equipment Protection Level

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Classification of flammable gases, vapors, mists

Hot surface Sparks

Ignition temperature Ignition energy

Temperature class Gas-Group

T1 … T6 A…C

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Ignition temperature – surface temperature

Fuels Apparatus

Max. surface
Ignition temperature Temperature class
temperature

>450°C T1 450°C
Surface temperature
depends on:
>300°C … ≤450°C T2 300°C
• Ambient
temperature
Ignition >200°C … ≤300°C T3 200°C • Process
temperature temperature
of gas >135°C … ≤200°C T4 135°C • Internal heating
sources
>100°C … ≤135°C T5 100°C (e.g. electrical
components)

>85°C … ≤100°C T6 85°C

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Ignition temperature – surface temperature

600
Ignition temperature of gas
500
Surface temperature of apparatus
400

300

200

100

0
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
>450°C >300°C ≤450°C >200°C ≤300°C >135°C ≤200°C >100°C ≤135°C >85°C ≤100°C

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Minimum ignition energy

Ignition energy in relation to hydrogen and propane air/gas concentration

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Explosive concentrations of flammable mixtures

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Classification of flammable gases and dusts in groups

Gas group
Europe/IEC North America Min. ignition energy Examples
Acetylene,
A > 10 μJoules Carbon disulphide
C
B > 20 μJoules Hydrogen

B C > 60 μJoules Ethylether,Ethylene

Acetone, Ammonia, Benzene, Butane,

A D > 160 μJoules Cyclopropane, Ethanol, Gasoline, Hexane,
Methanol Naphtha, Propane

Dust group
Europe/IEC North America Kind of dust Examples
- E Metal dusts -

- F Coal dusts -

- G Others -

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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Classification of flammable gases, vapors, mists

Classification of gases and vapors in

explosion groups and temperature classes
Gas-group T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
(>450°C) (>300°C ≤450°C) (>200°C ≤300°C) (>135°C ≤200°C) (>100°C ≤135°C) (>85°C ≤100°C)

I Methane

II A Acetone Ethyl alcohol Gasoline Acetaldehyde

Ethane i-Amylacetat Diesel fuel Ether
Ammonia n-Butane Aircraft fuel
Benzene n-Butylalkohol Heating oil
Ethanic acid n-Hexane
Ethylacetate

Ex IIB T3
Kohlenoxyd
Methanol
Propane
Toluol

II B Lighting gas Ethyl Ethyl glycol Ethyl ether

Ethyl oxyd

II C Hydrogen Acetylene Carbon

disulphide

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Protection types

Protection measures Gas-Ex marking example

Oil immersion EEx o T3
electrical parts are submersed in oil
oil
Pressurized apparatus EEx p T5
electrical parts are purged and pressurized p
with a protective gas (air or inert gas)
Installation: purge and pressure control/shut down device air

Powder filling EEx q T4

electrical parts are submersed in
a quartz powder
powder

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Protection types

Protection measures Gas Ex marking example

Flameproof enclosure Ex db IIC T6
internal explosion is confined by solid and flame tight enclosure
Installation: Ex d cable entry or conduit systems or Ex e terminal

Increased safety Ex e T4
prevention of ignition sources by
fail safe design (only simple electric components)
Intrinsic safety Ex ia IIC T4
Limitation of the energy stored in the electrical circuits
„simple“ apparatus, „associated“ apparatus, safety barriers
Installation: safety values (Uo, Io, Po, Lo, Co) and clearences

Advantage: Hot plugging for Ex ia, ib, ic without permission in the hazardous area!
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 Classification of Hazardous Areas

Types of protection of electrical apparatus

Gas atmosphere Dust atmosphere
Type of protection (Equipment category / EPL) (Equipment category / EPL)
1G / Ga 2G / Gb 3G / Gc 1D / Da 2D / Db 3D /Dc
Flameproof enclosures da db dc
Increased safety eb ec
Intrinsically safety ia ib ic ia ib ic
Encapsulation ma mb mc ma mb mc
Oil immersion ob
Powder filling qb
Pressurized enclosures pxb/pyb pzc pb pc
Protection by enclosure ta tb tc
Energy limited apparatus nL
Restricted breathing enclosures nR
Non sparking apparatus nA
Sparking apparatus nC
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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

Cover sheet

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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Classification of Hazardous Areas

Safety Instructions Liquiphant M/S (XA00108F-G)

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