Components and Parts Used in Computer Motherboard

There are various component embedded in MB/PCB(Printed Circuit Board).You should know
the basic computer functionality and uses of the various component attached to main board to
use it and installed in Computer case.

Today Computer Motherboards comes in number of variety but the basic functionality and uses
are pretty much the same? You must be familiar with the use and aware of the basic architecture
of PC and Laptop motherboard design

As it is difficult to understand each and every part of MB still you should be aware of some
common and important component & parts attached to it.

Also Read ::

 What is Computer Fundamentals

 Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer
 Block Diagram of Computer
 Characteristics of Computer
 Classifications of Computer System

List of component of PC Motherboard

 Expansion slots (PCI Express, PCI, and AGP)
 3-pin case fan connectors
 Back panel connectors
 Heat sink
 4-Pin (P4) power connector
 CPU Socket
 Screw hole
 Memory slot
 Floppy connection
 ATA (IDE) disk drive primary connection
 24-pin ATX power Supply connector
 Serial ATA connections
 Coin cell battery (CMOS backup battery)
 System panel connectors
 Serial port connector
 USB headers
 Jumpers
 SPDIF
 Game port and MIDI header
 Internal speaker
 Keyboard controller
 Parallel port header
  PS/2 header

PC Motherboard Component and Their Features

 Ps/2 Keyboard
 Ps/2 Mouse Connector
Connector
PS2 Mouse  Circular In Shape PS2 Keyboard  Circular In Shape
Port  6 Pins Port  6 Pins
 Female Type of
 Female Type Of
Connector
Connector
 Usually Green In colour
 Usually Voilet In Colour

 Display /VGA Port

 Serial / Normal Mouse  D -Type Of Connector
Serial Port Connector Display Port  15 Pins
 D-Shape Connector  Female Type Of
 9 Pins Connector
 Male Type Connector  Usually Blue In
Colour

 USB Stands For Universal Serial Bus  Used to Acces

 You can Connect any USB Devices to Lan Internet
USB Port this connecot  RJ45 Patch cable
Port
 Ex: Pendrive,Scanner,Printer,Cardreader Is connected
 Motherboard may contain more than 2  Used for
Usb Slot Networking

 There Are 3 Slots

 Parallel Port(Lpt1,Line
Sound Port mainly in Sound port
Printer,Printer Port)
 1st Is Light Blue
 Serial-Printer are
(Input Audio) Printer Port Connected to this port
 Middle is Light Green
 25 pin
( Output Audio)
 Female-type connector
 Last One is Light
 D-Shape Connector
Pink( Mike)

CPU Socket  Ram is connected to this

Slot
• This is cpu socket  Slot's are mainly named as
where processor is Memory Slot (DIMM,SIMM)
Installed.  DIMM stands for(Dual in
line memory moudle)
 SIMM (Single in line
 memory module)

(RAM)
SATA Post • SATA (Serial Advanced Floppy Disk  Floppy Disk Drive is out of date,
Technology Attachment) nobody uses this device
nowadays
•You can attached Sata  34 pin
(Hard disk ) ,Sata (DvD -  Male Connector
Rw) ..
Port
SMPS-Power
IDE  There are 3 type of smps
Connector
Connector power connector (12
Pins,20 Pins ,24 Pins)
 IDE(Integrated Device
 SMPS Power Supply is
Electronics)
connected here
 40 pins connector
 It's gives desired voltages
to motherboard converts
Ac volt into Dc

AGP Slot
CMOS Battery
Connector

 AGP (Advanced
• Here Cmos Graphic Port)
battery is  Graphic card is
Inserted connected in this slot

PCI Slot  PCI (Peripheral Component System fan Slot • Processor fan is
 Interconnect) connected here
 You can connect display
card,sound card ,lan card to
this slot

Front USB

CMOS-Clear Jumper  Ground +,Ground

-
• This jumper is
 DT+ ,DT+
used to clear all
 DT-, DT-
Bios setting ...
 VCC+,VCC-

Front Panel
Front Panel  Powe  Powe
r r
Switc Switc
h h
 Reset  Reset
Switc Switc
h h
 Hdd  Hdd
Led Led
 Powe  Powe
r led r led

 Ground +,Ground Front Audio

- • You Can Insert Your
 DT+ ,DT+ Audio Pin In front side
Front USB
 DT-, DT- of computer case to
 VCC+,VCC- hear sound
 Motherboard Diagram

Necessary if You Want to Replace Motherboard or

Troubleshoot
This motherboard diagram is typical of boards today. Use the computer motherboard diagram
to familiarize yourself with motherboard components, terms and locations. You'll find that the
visual motherboard layout or diagram will help you to replace motherboard; to do motherboard
upgrades; and/or to build your own computer.

Once you know what you are looking at, you can recognize the components on any motherboard
layout. A computer motherboard diagram is very useful for when you need to replace
motherboard, do motherboard upgrades, troubleshoot motherboard, or build your own
computer.
A. PCI Slot - This board has 2 PCI slots. These can be used for components such as
Ethernet cards, sound cards, and modems.
B. PCI-E 16x Slot - There are 2 of them on this motherboard diagram, both are blue. These
are used for your graphics card. With two of them onboard, you can run 2 graphics cards
in SLI. You would only need this if you are a gamer, or working with high end video /
graphics editing. These are the 16x speed versions, which are currently the fastest.
C. PCI-E 1x Slot - Single slot - In the PCIe 1.x generation, each lane (1x) carries 250 MB/s
compared to 133 MB/s for the PCI slots. These can be used for expansion cards such as
Sound Cards, or Ethernet Cards.
D. Northbridge - This is the Northbridge for this motherboard. This allows communication
between the CPU and the system memory and PCI-E slots.
E. ATX 12V 2X and 4 Pin Power Connection Power Connection - This is one of two
power connections that supply power to the motherboard. This connection will come
from your Power Supply.
F. CPU-Fan Connection - This is where your CPU fan will connect. Using this connection
over one from your power supply will allow the motherboard to control the speed of your
fan, based on the CPU temperature.
G. Socket - This is where your CPU will plug in. The orange bracket that is surrounding it is
used for high end heat sinks. It helps to support the weight of the heat sink.
H. Memory Slots - These are the slots for your RAM. Most boards will have 4 slots, but
some will only have 2. The color coding you see on the motherboard diagram is used to
match up RAM for Dual-Channel. Using them this way will give your memory a speed
boost.
I. ATX Power Connector - This is the second of two power connections. This is the main
power connection for the motherboard, and comes from the Power Supply.
J. IDE Connection - The IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is the connection for your
hard drive or CD / DVD drive. Most drives today come with SATA connections, so you
may not use this.
K. Southbridge - This is the controller for components such as the PCI slots, onboard audio,
and USB connections.
L. SATA Connections - These are 4 of the 6 SATA connections on the motherboard. These
will be used for hard drives, and CD / DVD drives.
M. Front Panel Connections - this is where you will hook in the connections from your
case. These are mostly the different lights on your case, such as power on, hard drive
activity etc.
N. FDD Connection - The FDD is the Floppy Disk controller. If you have a floppy disk
drive in your computer, this is where you will hook it up.
O. External USB Connections - This is where you will plug in external USB connections
for your case or USB bracket.
P. CMOS battery - This is the motherboard's battery. This is used to allow the CMOS to
keep its settings.