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Design Consideration:
Design of foundation involves two aspects, viz., soil design and structural
design.
geometry of the structure, the loads on the column and allowable bearing
pressure of soil.
designed for flexure and shear (both one way and two way action),
bearing and bond, mainly due to the soil pressure from the soffit of the
slab. The design is more or less similar to that of beams and two way
transfer of force from the column to the footing and also safety against
structure. Since footings are buried below the ground level, deflection
control is not important but crack widths should be limited to 0.3 mm,
aggressive environment.
6. The maximum pressure on the soil should not exceed the allowable soil
equal soil pressure under each column. This is done by providing footing
area very near to the required area considering SBC of soil. If under one
column, the exact required area of footing is provided and for another
the soil pressure under both the columns is different which may lead to
8. The centre of gravity of loads and c.g. of footing should coincide (if they
9. For calculating the base size of the footing, the loadings with partial
safety load factor γf =1.0 should be considered. (For arriving base area
10. When loads are being transferred from column to the footing below, the
sensitive to vertical shear and if the when the footing is subjected to two
perimeter half the effective depth away from face of the column.
14. When the section of the footing suddenly changes, vertical planes at
15. If the load transferred from the column to the foundation below is
Depth of Foundation:
7. Where the moisture content may vary and cause shrinkage, the
depth must be considered with the minimum moisture content
variation(1.50m to 2.0m).In case of black cotton soils of expansive
nature, the zone of movement may be as deep as 3.0m to
3.50m. This is why ,the under reamed piles in expansive clays are
taken to minimum depth of 3.50m.
Practical Dimensions of Footing:
and D is in mm.
500 steel.
5 1/7
10 1/5.5
15 1/5.0
20 1 /4.5
25 1 /4.0
30 1 /3.50
Note :
Thumb rule:
Not less than 0.15% of c.s area for mild steel &