Study Material Final Updated

Sareen’S Physics Classes Practical/VIVA Q Ph:9711189465 Sareen’S Physics Classes Practical/VIVA Q Ph:9711189465
Resistance Box/Rheostat/Cells/Keys/Galvanometer/Ammeter/Voltmeter Ans.Actually the material suitable for the construction of standard resistances should
1. What is a battery eliminator? have (i) High specific resistance (ii) Low temperature coefficient of resistance, i.e., its
Ans.It is a rectifier. It converts high A.C. voltage (220 V) into low desired D.C. voltage resistance should not change appreciably with the rise of temperature. Manganin and
such as 2 V, 4 V, 6 V, 8 V, 10 V, 12 V. It is a good substitute for a battery or a cell. constantan satisfy these two conditions, whereas copper does not.
2. Is there any advantage of battery eliminator over usual source of e.m.f? 12. Why is a material named Eureka also sometimes used for this purpose?
Ans. Yes, the main advantage is that no charging is required for battery eliminator. Ans.Eureka is nothing but another name of constantan.
(One can also draw large currents). Battery eliminator is easy to handle and maintain, 13. What is the composition of manganin and constantan?
whereas a cell requires change of chemicals and electrodes. For same reason , they can Ans. Manganin (Cu 83%, Mn 13% and Ni 4%); Constantan (Cu 60%, Ni 40%).
easily substitute the cells & batteries 14. For making standard resistance, why material must posses high specific resistance?
3. What is resistance coils? Ans.So that even a small length of the wire in enough.
Ans. It is usually made from wire of a material whose 15. Windings of the rheostat wire are quite close to each other. Why don’t they get
temperature coefficient is low i.e its resistance does short circuited?
not change much with change in temperature. Alloys Ans. The wire has a coating of insulating oxide over it. This insulates the windings from
selected for making wires are constantan , manganin each other.
, eureka & german silver.It is double folded to avoid 16. If the windings are insulated then how does the slider make a contact with the wire
induction effects. when the rheostat is in use?
4. If wire of resistance r is stretched to double its length , then new resistance will be ? Ans. The insulation is only above the slider. Just below it where the slider is to make the
Ans. r/4 contact the insulating oxide is missing throughout the entire length of the rheostat.
5. How are resistances of different magnitude designed & fixed in the resistance box? 17. What are the uses of rheostat?
Ans. The insulated resistance wire of required length is taken . It is doubled over itself & Ans. The rheostat can be used as a :
then wound over a bobbin of wood or porcelain . The two free ends are then (a) variable resistor : Using anyone terminal
connected to brass studs. A or B of rheostat connected to one end of
6. What is the resistance of an open key? circuit & terminal C to the other end
Ans. Infinite (b) potential divider : By connecting a
7. Why is wire doubled over itself before it is wound over a bobbin in a resistance box? battery between terminals A & B . Using
Ans. This is done so as to avoid induced current effects. anyone terminal A or B of rheostat
8. What is the approximate thickness and length of the wire for infinite resistance in connected to one end of circuit & terminal C
the resistance box? to the other end
Ans. There is no resistance wire below the infinity plug. When the infinity plug is taken
out, the two studs remain unconnected and no current flows across. So there is infinite
18. What are the different types of keys?
resistance.
Ans. (a) One Way Key (b) Two Way Key (c)
9. What are the important instructions for using a resistance box?
Tapping Key (d) Reverse Key
Ans. The important instructions for using a resistance box are:
19. What type of galvanometer is available in
• Remove & insert the plug with a screw motion
laboratories?
• Do not pass strong currents through the resistance box , otherwise the coils Ans. The laboratory galvanometer is a
might get burnt Weston Galvanometer. It has a pivoted coil.
• Keep the brass portions of the keys bright by rubbing them with brass polish 20. Why the scale of galvanometer has zero
but never with sand paper in the middle?
Ans. A needle at zero in the middle can
10. Which material is suitable for the construction of standard resistances for resistance
deflect on both side & indicate the direction
boxes etc.?
Ans. The two common material used for this purpose are: (i) Constantan (ii) Manganin. of flow of current.
11. Why is copper not used? 21. Do we have positive and negative terminal in a galvanometer?
B-22,Dayanand Colony , Lajpat Nagar –IV Page 1 B-22,Dayanand Colony , Lajpat Nagar –IV Page 2
Ans. No, a Ans.
galvanometer Primary Cells Secondary Cells
has no These Supply electrical energy directly from These supply electrical energy indirectly . First ,
positive and chemical reactions inside them they are charged to store electrical energy as
chemical energy . When used , they give
negative
electrical energy stored.
terminals. The
These cannot be recharged These can be recharged
pointer can They supply less current for same voltage as They supply more current for same voltage as
deflect on they have more internal resistance they have less internal resistance.
either side These are cheap to start with but in long run These are costly to start with but in the long
from zero in they prove costly as their components are run they prove to be cheap as their
the middle. consumed & have to be replaced components are not to be replaced. They can
22. Why is the be charged at nominal cost
galvanometer Examples: (a) Leclanche Cell (b) Daniel Cell (c) Examples: (a) Lead(Acid) accumulator (b) Ni-
called a Leclanche Dry Cell Fe(Alkali) accumulator
moving coil galvanometer? 32. Why are secondary cells called accumulators or storage cells?
Ans.These cells act as storehouses for electricity. Current can be drawn from them whenever
Ans. Because in tangent galvanometer, the magnet (a small pivoted magnetic needle)
desired. After being discharged, they can be recharged. Since they store (or accumulate)
moves (deflects), while the coil remains fixed.
electricity, they are known as storage cells or accumulators.
23. Why should an ammeter have a very small resistance? 33. Is storage cell or accumulator, a primary cell
Ans. So that when put in series in circuit, it should not reduce much the original current or secondary cell?
to be measured. Ans.It is a secondary cell.
24. Why should a voltmeter have a very large resistance? 34. Which one – a primary cell or a storage cell –
Ans. So that when put in parallel in circuit, it should not divert much current from has smaller internal resistance?
parallel branch. Ans.Storage cells have smaller internal resistance.
25. Why is a galvanometer not suitable to work as ammeter? 35. Briefly explain working of leclanche cell?
Ans. Container : Glass Vessel
Ans.A galvanometer has more resistance and less current-carrying capacity from those
Electrolyte : Saturated Ammonium Chloride
required by an ammeter. It will damage when large current flow through it. [NH4Cl]
26. Why is a galvanometer not suitable to work as voltmeter? Depolariser : Mixture of powdered manganese
Ans.A galvanometer has less resistance than those required by a voltmeter. dioxide [MnO2] & charcoal [C]
27. Can moving coil galvanometer be used to detect an a.c. in a circuit ? Electrodes : (i) Negative Electrode is amalgated
Ans. No, it cannot be used to detect a.c. as it measures the average value of current Zinc rode dipped in electrolyte
which is zero over a complete cycle for ac current. (ii) Positive Electrode is carbon rod immersed in
28. What is the usual source of e.m.f. in the laboratory? depolarizer taken in porous pot.
Ans.A primary or secondary cell and or a battery (number of cells in series) or battery Working : The Reactions are
2+
(a) At Negative Electrode : Zn à Zn + 2e
eliminator. +
(b) In electrolyte : 2NH4 + 2e à 2NH3 + H2
29. What are electrochemical cells. Give its types? +
(c) In Depolariser : 2H + 2MnO2à Mn2O3 + H2O + 2e
Ans. It is a device in which chemical energy is directly converted to electrical energy . +
(d) At Positive Electrode : 2H + 2e à H2
These are of two types (a) Primary cells (b) Secondary Cells Net Reaction :
30. In actual circuit if the positions of ammeter and voltmeter are interchanged, how Zn + 2NH4Cl + 2MnO2 à ZnCl2 + 2NH3 + Mn2O3 + H2O
will it affect the working? The emf produced is around 1.5V , current is 0.25A & internal resistance is 1.2ohm
Ans. Voltmeter will become in the series of the circuit. Resistance of voltmeter being 36. Briefly explain working of daniel cell?
extremely high (of the order of kilo ohms), hardly any current will flow in the circuit and Ans. Container : Copper Vessel
the experiment cannot be performed. Electrolyte : Dilute Sulphuric Acid or acidulated Zinc sulphate
Depolariser : Saturated copper sulphate solution
31. What is the difference b/w Primary cells & Secondary Cells?
Electrodes : (i) Negative Electrode is amalgated Zinc rode dipped in electrolyte taken in porous 45. Every metallic conductor has a high number density of free electrons moving with
pot high thermal velocities. Why does it not show any current when connected across a
(ii) Positive Electrode is copper vessel containing sensitive ammeter?
depolariser
Ans. The free electrons are in random motion. As a result of it, the number of electrons
Working : The Reactions are
2+ crossing an area of cross-section in one direction is the same as that crossing in the
(a) At Negative Electrode : Zn à Zn + 2e
2+
(b) In electrolyte : Zn + H2SO4 à ZnSO4 + 2H+ opposite direction. Therefore, there is no net flow of electrons across a cross-section of
+
(c) In Depolariser : 2H + CuSO4 à H2SO4 + Cu
2+ the conductor in any particular direction. Hence, no current is shown by the ammeter.
2+
(d) At Positive Electrode : Cu + 2e à Cu 46. How would you achieve a net flow of free electrons in a particular direction in a
Net Reaction : conductor?
Zn + CuSO4 àZnSO4 + Cu Ans. It can be achieved by applying a potential difference (p.d.)across the ends of a
The emf produced is around 1.1V , current is 0.1A & conductor by connecting it to a source of e.m.f.
internal resistance is higher than leclanche cell 47. What happens to specific resistance if the length & area of conductor are reduced
37. What are the merits of daniel cell?
to half ?
Ans.The emf & internal resistance are almost
Ans. It remains same . It is a intensive property
constant . So it can be used as a standard cell where
weak but constant current is needed 48. What happens to specific resistance if the length & area of conductor are reduced
38. What are the demerits of daniel cell? to half ?
Ans. (a) It suffers from polarization (b) Low emf (c) Cell has to be dismantled when not in use else 49. Give common examples of non-ohmic resistances?
Zn rod would be eaten by H2S04 Ans.Vacuum tube diodes, semi-conductor diodes and transistors are non-ohmic
39. Name the depolarizer for (i) Lechlanche, and (ii) Daniell cells. resistances.
Ans.In Lechlanche cell, MnO2 is used as depolarizer. In Daniell cell CuSO4 is used as depolariser. 50. What is the effect of temperature on the resistance of a conductor?
40. Name the cells used for getting (i) large current, (ii) constant current, and (iii) intermittent Ans.The resistance of a conductor increase with the rise of temperature.
current?
𝑅! = 𝑅! 1 + 𝛼∆𝑇
Ans.(i) Storage cell or accumulator, (ii) Daniell cell, and (iii) Lechlanche cell.
For metal , 𝛼 is positive
41. Why is it not possible for a Lechlanche cell to give a constant current?
Ans.It is because the hydrogen produced does not get depolarised by MnO2 at the same rate at 51. Name some substances whose resistance decreases with the rise of temperature.
which it is being produced during the chemical reaction. Ans. Resistance of carbon and semiconductors, germanium and silicon decreases with
42. What are the factors affecting the resistance? rise of temperature.
Ans.The resistance depends upon length, Are of cross-section, nature of material and 𝑅! = 𝑅! 1 + 𝛼∆𝑇
temperature of the conductors. For Non metals & Semi conductors , 𝛼 is negative
Measurement Of Resistance 52. Why a large current is not allowed to be passed through the conductor during the
EXP.1: To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential experiment?
difference versus current. Ans.If a large current is passed (or even if a small current is passed unnecessarily for a
EXP.2: To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to long time), the conductor will become hot and its resistance will increase. Then the
find its figure of merit graph will not remain a straight line.
EXP.3: To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the 53. Is ohm’s law always valid?
specific resistance of its material. Ans. It is applicable only for ohmic devices & when the physical conditions like
EXP.4: To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel) of resistances using a metre temperature etc must remain constant.
bridge. 54. How to ensure that temperature remains constant in experiment?
Ans.To keep temperature constant (a) pass current for a short interval (b) do not pass
43. If the connecting wire are thin, will it affect the reading of ammeter and voltmeter? very large current (c) in extreme conditions , blow air at room temperature over the
Ans. Yes, the resistance of thin wires will be high. The current will also be reduced. conductor through which current is passed or use non conducting oil as coolant.
Hence, the drop of potential across resistance wire will also reduce. 55. Why are advised to use thick copper wires for making the connections. If not done
44. How will it affect your result? so, what harm will be caused?
Ans. The result will not change because the ratio V/I will be the same.
Ans.Thin wires have relatively more resistance 𝑅 ∝
!
. It will consume more power resistances of the metre bridge wire and resistance of connecting wires contribute
!
2 towards the major part of error.
(i R), which will cause heating. With temperature increase the value of the resistances
64. What are end resistances?
will also increase which will affect the consistancy of the readings leading to wrong
Ans. The resistances of thick copper strips which keep the two ends of the wire
results.
pressed, are called end resistances.
56. Define figure of merit of a galvanometer.
65. Why should the bridge wire be of uniform cross-section throughout?
Ans.The quantity of current required to produce a deflection of one division in the
Ans. If it is not so, the resistance per unit length of the wire would vary from position to
galvanometer, is called figure of merit of the galvanometer. It is represented by the ! ! !!
symbol k. Its unit is ampere per division. position and the relation at balance condition, i.e., = = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 r is
! ! !""!! !
resistance per unit length, would no longer be valid.
Metre Bridge 66. Why should the battery key be pressed before the galvanometer key?
EXP.6: To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the Ans. This is done to avoid any electromagnetic induction.
specific resistance of its material. 67. Sometimes it is advisable to shunt the galvanometer while trying for a balance
EXP.7: To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel) of resistances using a metre point. Why?
bridge. Ans. During the first trial of the balance, the current that passes through the
galvanometer may be large and may damage it. Therefore, to protect the
VIVA QUESTIONS galvanometer, a shunt is used. When the balance point reaches near the null position,
57. When is the bridge balanced? shunt is removed and exact null position is located.
Ans. The potential of the common end joining the resistors P & Q is the same as that of 68. Why is it necessary to obtain the balance point in the middle of the bridge
the common end joining the resistors R & S. wire? Explain in detail.
58. Will interchange of positions of cell and galvanometer effect the balance Ans.The sensitivity of the Wheatstone’s bridge is maximum when the resistance of all
condition? its four arms are nearly of the same order.
Ans. No. The condition of balanced Wheatstone bridge remains satisfied. 69. Can we measure a resistance of the order of 0.160ohm using a Wheatsone’s
59. When is a Wheatstone’s bridge most sensitive? bridge? Support your answer with reasoning?
Ans.The bridge is most sensitive when all the four resistances P, Q, R and S are of same Ans. No, the resistance of the connecting wires and at the junctions of metre bridge
order of magnitude. and the other terminals is itself of the order of the resistance to be measured. It would
60. Examine two wires of equal lengths and of the same material, and find without create uncertainty in the measurement of low resistance.
using a screw gauge which one is thicker. Diameter of thicker wire is how many 70. If the same experiment is performed with a metre bridge wire of length 50 cm
times the diameter of the thinner wire? in place of 1 metre long, what changes do you expect in the result?
!
Ans.Determine the resistance of wires using a metre bridge. Since 𝑅 = 𝜌 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜌 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 Ans.It will introduce more error in the final result. Permissible error in length
! !!
! measurement is where Dl is the least count of the metre scale which remains the
are constant, 𝑅 ∝ , i.e., the thinner wire will have more resistance. !
! !!
61. Why should the moving contact of jockey not be pressed too hard or scratched same. When ‘I’ decreases increases, hence percentage error increase.
!
along the wire? 71. Why the it advised to keep null point between 45 cm and 55 cm
Ans. If done so, it may damage/after the uniformity of the bridge wire thus , resistance Ans. It is done to minimize the effect of neglecting of end resistances in calculation and
per unit of length of the wire will change. Wheatstone bridge is most sensitive when all four arms have same order of resistances.
62. Why should the current be passed only while taking an observation? 72. What is an ideal value of null point and why?
Ans.A continuous flow of current would cause heating and hence an increase in the Ans.Null point at 50 cm is an ideal null point. It makes P/Q = 1. This ratio is not affecte
values of resistance used in setup , thereby creating errors . by neglecting end resistance of equal at the two ends.
63. Why is the metre bridge suitable for resistor of moderate values only? 73. Why copper strips, used to pressed the ends of wire, are thick?
Ans. The bridge becomes insensitive for too high or too high or too low values and the Ans.Thick Cu strips have negligible resistance over the resistance of alloy metre bridge
readings becomes undependable. When determining low resistances, the end wire and minimize effect of end resistances.
74. Why should the bridge wire have uniform thickness and material density 85. A beam of while light is found to be broken into seven colours after passing
throughout? through a prism while no such thing takes place in a glass slab. Why is it so?
Ans.Because only then, the resistance per unit length (𝜎) will be same throughout. Ans. Since the value of 𝜇 is different for different colours, so different colours travel
Then P= 𝜎 l and Q = 𝜎 (100-l) will be correct. with different velocities. Thus their deviations by a triangular prism are also different.
75. Why is Wheatstone bridge (or metre bridge) method considered unsuitable for Hence a beam of while light is broken into seven coloursOn the other hand, a
the measurement of very low resistance? rectangular glass slab can be regarded as made up of two triangular prisms of equal but
Ans.For measuring low resistance, all resistances and resistance of galvanometer oppositely place refracting angles. Thus, a beam of white light first gets dispersed into
should be low. The end resistance and connecting wires become comparable to the its constituent colours which recombine back into single beam of white light by the
resistance being measured and introduce error in the result. second triangular prism acting the opposite way.
76. What are the advantage of a Wheatstone bridge method of measuring 86. Where is crown glass preferred to flint glass and vice versa?
resistance over other methods? Ans. w, dispersive power of flint glass is more as compared to that of crown glass.
Ans.(i)It is a null method, hence the result does not get affected from extra resistances. So, flint glass is used in making prisms whereas crown glass is used in spectacles.
(ii) It is easier to detect a small change in deflection than to read a deflection directly. Combination of prisms and lenses of different dispersive powers are used for
specific purposes to produce no dispersion or no deviation i.e., achromatic
EXP.5: To Determine The Angle Of Minimum Deviation For A Given Prism By Plotting A combination of lenses and prisms are used in various optical instruments.
Graph Between Angle Of Incidence & Angle Of Deviation (b) To Find The Refractive 87. Why does diamond shine in a partly lighted room?
Index Of Material Of Prism Ans. Material of diamond has high value of refractive index (about 2.3), therefore a
77. On what factors does the angle of deviation depend? low value of critical angle. Hence, a ray of light having entered diamond once, (i)
Ans. The angle of deviation depends upon the following factors: (a) The angle of suffers total internal reflection, (ii) the faces being sharply cut or naturally so, these
incidence. two factors, cause the ray to suffer large number of reflections internally before
(b) The refracting angle of the prism. The material of the prism. (Refractive Index) (c) emerging out.
The colour of the light used i.e., wavelength of light. 88. What causes earlier rise of the sun than the actual rise, and its later setting than the
78. What is the speciality about minimum deviation? actual settings?
Ans. Under minimum deviation condition, light ray travels inside prism parallel to Ans. Phenomenon of refraction of light.
the base of the prism and the angle of incidence = angle of emergence. 89. What causes formation of a rainbow usually after rains?
79. Why there are two values of angle of incidence for one value of angle of deviation? Ans. Suspended water droplets in the atmosphere act as prisms, causing the
Ans. If the emergent ray be reversed, then angle e becomes I and angle I becomes phenomena of dispersion and total internal reflection of sunlight.
e. The reversed ray will have same deviation as before. Hence, I and e are two different
value for same angle of deviation.
80. Which colour will travel (i) fastest (ii) slowest in prism?
Ans. (i) Red colour (ii) Violet.
81. Which colour deviate (i) Most (ii) Least. OPTICS
Ans. (i) Violet (ii) Red EXP.8: To find value of v for different values of u for a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
82. How does 𝜇 change with change in colour, i.e. the value of l? EXP.9: To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
Ans. 𝜇 decreases with increase in l and vice versa. EXP.10: To find focal length of convex lens by plotting graphs between u & v or 1/u & 1/v.
EXP.11: To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
83. Which colour will travel fastest in air?
! !" !"#$$% EXP.12: To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between
Ans. Of all the colours, 𝜇, (𝜇 for red) is the least (Since 𝜇 = ), the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
!" !" !"#$%!
therefore, red colour will travel fastes in air.
84. Does the angle of minimum deviation Dm depend upon the colour of light? 1. If the optical bench is not leveled properly, what difficulty will it pose in locating the
Ans. Yes, since the deviation for different colours are different so the values of Dm position of the image?
are also different for different colours.For a prism of small angle (A), the angle of Ans. The line joining the tips of the image needle, object needle and the centre of the
deviation D = 𝜇 − 1 A. As 𝜇 varies with lD also varies with l. mirror will not remain horizontal. As a result, it becomes difficult to locate the image.
2. Out of the three graphical methods, viz., Fig. 8.10 (hyperbola), and Fig. 8.1 10. A ray is incident on a concave mirror after passing through the centre of
(straight line graph), which one is likely to yield most accurate value of the focal curvature. What is the angle of incidence?
length of a concave mirror and why? Ans. Zero, i.e., 0°.
3. Ans. Straight line graph obtained by plotting
!
𝑣𝑠.
!
Fig. 8.11 will give the 11. How is the parallax removed?
! !
Ans. When the two object are placed at the same along a line from the eye and the
best result. It is because a straight line graph is the most accurate representation of
eye is moved sideways, there is no relative shift between them. When they are at
a given observational data and as such the results deduced from it are bound to be
different distances, the nearer object moves in a direction opposite to that of the
most accurate.
eye and the farther one in the direction of the eye. Once their relative positions
4. A full length image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen by using (a)
are known, they can be brought to the same position by shifting them suitably.
concave mirror (b)convex mirror (c) plane mirror (d) both concave as well as plane
When the two objects occupy the same position in space with respect to the eye,
mirror.Ans. (b) Convex mirror, because a convex mirror has very broad field
then the apparent shift disappears and parallax is said to be removed.
of view and as such it is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles.
12. Why is a concave mirror of large focal length often used as shaving glass?
5. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, will the
Ans. When a concave mirror is held near the face, the face lies between its pole
incident ray and reflected ray always be parallel to each other, whatever be the
and focus. Thus, an erect and enlarged image is formed. An enlarged image of the
angle of incidence. Illustrate the answer with the help of a diagram.
face helps in having a better and a closer shave.
Ans. When the mirrors are placed at right angles to each other as shown in the Fig.
13. For what purpose does a surgeon use a concave mirror?
then incident and the reflected rays will always be parallel to each other.Why are
Ans. A concave mirror having a small aperture is used by a surgeon to throw a
the mirrors silvered at the back surface?
sharp and narrow beam of light into the ear, nose and throat or the eye of the
Ans. In order to avoid spoiling of mirror due to rough handling.
patients for the medical check up.
6. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, will the
14. What type of mirrors are used in headlights of vehicle and in searchlights?
incident ray and reflected ray always be parallel to each other, whatever be the
Ans. Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in headlights of automobiles.
angle of incidence. Illustrate the answer with the help of a diagram.
Searchlights which are meant for throwing light to large distances, also use

concave mirrors. The source of light is placed just at the focus of the concave
Is silvering done by depositing silver coating or some other material?
mirror. A parallel beam of light is thus obtained by regular reflection from the
Ans. Only is good quality mirrors, silvering is done by depositing silver nitrate. In
surface of the concave mirror.
commercial mirrors, silver is done by depositing mercuric oxide.
15. Which mirror is used as a driving mirror in automobiles and why?
7. Is silvering done by depositing silver coating or some other material?
Ans. Convex mirror. The image formed by a convex mirror is always erect and
diminished in size. It also has a wider field of view. These two properties of the
convex mirror enable the driver to see if any vehicle is approaching him from
8. Is silvering done by depositing silver coating or some other material?
behind or what is happening over a large area behind the vehicle.
16. Why is it advised to use a small-aperture mirror for experiments?
Ans. It is because the image formed may be free from various aberrations of
9. How will you distinguish between two given spherical mirrors, as concave or
defects.
convex?
17. Can we find the rough focal length of a convex mirror? If not, why?
Ans. Take one of the two given mirrors in your hand and see your face in it. If the
Ans. No, we cannot find the rough focal length of convex mirror. It is so because
image of your face is smaller in size for all positions of the mirror, then it is a
the image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual and cannot be obtained on a
convex mirror otherwise concave.
screen.
18. How will you distinguish between a plane, a concave and a convex mirror, Ans. 1. Refractive index of lens material 2. Refractive index of surrounding
without touching them? i.e./ change of medium 3. Radii of curvature
Ans. We see our face in the mirror from a close distance. In all cases virtual images 4. Wavelength of light 5. Thickness of lens
will be formed. Judge the magnification of the image. 27. How the power of lens charge w.r.t. the two surrounding medium?
If the magnification is one, mirror is plane.If the magnification is more than one Ans. The power of a lens is maximum for vacuum or air and it decreases with
(enlarged image), mirror is concave.If the magnification is less than one increase in two refractive index of medium
(diminished image), mirror is convex. 28. How the power of lens charge w.r.t. to wavelength of light?
19. What is index error? Ans. The power of la lens is different for different colour of light. The power of a
Ans. The difference between the actual distance between the pole of a mirror lens is maximum of violet and minimum for red colour light.
(optical centre of a lens) and the point object (or image) and observed distance 29. What type of the lens is an air bubble inside water?
measured on optical bench is called index error. It is also called bench error. Ans. Concave lens.
Index error = observed distances – actual distance
Index correction = actual distance – observed distance. 1. When is the bridge balanced?
20. Is the focal length of a mirror change (i) due to change in medium (ii) or colour
of light?
Ans. No, Since focal length of a mirror does not depend the external medium and
wavelength of light.
21. Describe the difference between the images formed by a convex and a
concave lens.
Ans. A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image. Image
formed by a convex lens is generally real and inverted and on bringing the object
near the lens the size of image goes on increasing. However, when the object is
placed in front of a convex lens between its optical centre and principal focus, the
image formed is virtual, erect and magnified.
22. Which convex lens has more focal length, thick or thin?
Ans. A thin convex lens has more focal length.
23. Can you find rough focal length of a concave lens?
Ans. No, because it does not form a real image to be obtained on a screen.
24. What is the type of the eye lens?
Ans. The eye lens is convex
25. How will you distinguish between a glass slab, a convex lens and a concave
lens without touching it?
Ans. The glass piece is put over a printed page and the virtual image of the printed
matter is seen. The magnification of the image is judged.If the image has same size
as the object, the glass piece is glass slab.If the image is magnified, the glass piece
is a convex lens.If the image is diminished, the glass piece is a concave lens.
26. What are the factors affecting the power of lens?

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Sareen’S Physics Classes Practical/VIVA Q Ph:9711189465 Sareen’S Physics Classes Practical/VIVA Q Ph:9711189465

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