4.9511 Side Resistance in Cohesive Soit For shofts in cohesive soil loaded under uncrsined fading conditions, the ultimate side resistance may bees imated using the following Qe= BE aSahe 5511-1) “The mate wnt load tafe ia side resistance at aay depuat, 1 equal tothe product ofa, andy. Kever 0 able 44.65. 1A for guidance regating selection of, and i- jing vaes ff for shal excavated dry sx open or cased holes, Environmental, Jong-tena loadg or constuction factors may dictate that a deh greater than 5 fet should ‘be ignored in estimating Qe Refer to Figure 46.5.1. for sdeattfication of postions of dalled shaft aot consié- cree in contibulag f0 the computed vale of Qy. For ‘hat in cohesive sil under crsiaed loaing consitions, aay be determines using the procedure ia Article 46512 ‘Where time-dependent changes in soil shear strength sway occur (e.2. swelling of expansive clay or dowadtag from 2 consolidating clay), eifective siress methods (Ar ticle 4.6 5.1.2) should be used to compute Q. in the zone ‘where such changes may occur. 405.12 For shafts ia colestoaless soil or for effective stress analysis of shafts m cobesive soils under deained loading ‘conditions, the ultimate sige cesstaace of asaally loaded ‘siles snaits may be estumated using the tolowing Qo=mBE v2 8.% ‘Side Resistance m Cohesiontess Soil (465.12-1) The value of B may be determined using the follow ing: ons ya 12> R028 5512-2 The valve of »! should be detemnined from meseuse~ ments fom undisturbed samples along the length of the staft of Rom empisieal correlions with SPT or other in situ test methods. The ultimate unit load transfer in side TABLE 46S..1A Recommended Vanes of and fy for Estimation of Drilled Shaft Side Resistance in Cohesive Sil Reese and O'Neil (1988) Limiting Value of Load Value Transfer, fy Location Along Drilled Shaft ofa (ks) From ground surface to depth - along drilled shaft of 5 fe* ° - {er above the top ofthe bell GF skin friction is being used) All other points along the oss 35 sides ofthe drilled shaft The dpc’ may weed austen eid sa said ‘erexpame clay or if thre fe seta) poundine dec, ftom brera care resistance at any depth. fs. 1s equal tothe product of Band of. The limiting value off, for shafts in cohesionless soil, is test 46513 For axially loaded shafts in cohesive soil subjected to ‘undrained loading cond:tions, the ultmate tp resistance of énilled shafts may be estimated using the following: Tip Resistence m Cohesive Set! QA GAANsA 95.13.) ‘Values of the bearing capacity faetor N, may be deter- ‘mined using the followin 6.0[1 + 02DBILN.=9 465132) The limiting value of unit ené bearing (a> 80 ket, The value of sy should be determined from the sesults of tn situ andor laboratory testing of undisturbed samples, Nae)obtained within a depta of 2B below the tp of the cha [EF the soil within 2B of the up ss of soft coaustency, the value of N, should be reduced by one-third IPB, > 625 feet (7S inches) and shaft settlements will snot be evalusted, the value of gy should be reduced :0 doa 2 follows: am Far ~QS/aB/12 + 25eDer — 4.6.5.13.3) 20.0071 + 0.0021DBIa=0015 465.134) d= 043)": 055b=15 (485.135) The limiting value of gry i880 ks For shafs in cobesive soil under drained loading con- ditions, Qz may be estimated using the procedure de- scribed in Article 46.5.14. 465.14 Tip Resistance ia Cohesionless Sot! For axially loaded drilled shafts in cohesiontess soils or for effective stress analysis of axially loaded diiled shafts in cohesive sol, theultimate tip esistance may be estimated using the following: = are 65.14) “The value of q_ may be determined from tae resus of standard penevration testing usng nacorrected blow count seaciags within a depth of 2B below the tip ofthe shaf. Refer to Table 46.5 14 for recommended values of ox TPB, > 42 feet (50 inches) and shaft settlements will not be evaluated, the value of gy should be reduced 0 Gx as follows: a= BOI) 4.85.142) 4.652 Factors Affecting Asial Capacity in Soil 465.21 Soil Layering and Variable Sotl Strength ‘wtih Depth ‘The design of shafts in layered soil deposits or soil de posits naving variable swengta with depeh reqaizes evalu ation of Soil parameters characteristic of the respective layers or depths. Qs in such soil deposits maybe estimated by dividing the sha into layers according to soil type and properties, determining Qs for each layer. and summing values Zor each layer to obtain the ‘otal Q IF the soll below the shaft tip is of variable censistency, Qe may be estimated using the predominant soil strata Within 2B below the shaft tip For shafts exteading through soft compressible layers to up beasiag oa firm Goil or rock, consideration shall be TABLE A6S.48 Recommended Values of 7" for Estimation of Drilled Shaft Tip Resistance in after Rese and O'Neil (1988) Cahesionless Soi ‘Standane Penecvstion Resistance N (Glows Foot) Nutse of qr (oncomecied) & 0875 120 Abate 75 0 ‘Winse ihe a view midenant pace often Game ‘given 10 the effeeis of negative skin Biction (Amicle 4.6.5.2.5) due tothe consoldation settlement of soils ux~ rounding the shaft Where the shaft tip would bear on a ‘thin fism soil ayer underlain by a softer soil unt. the shaft shall be extended through the softer soil unit to eliminate ‘the potential for a punching shear fare into the softer epost 45. Ground Tater ‘The highest anticipated waer level shall be used for design 465.23 Enlarged Bases An enlarged base (bell or underrcam) may be used at the shaft ti m stiff cohesive sel fo merease the tip bear sng area and seduce te wait exd bearing pressure, of 10 provide additional xesistance te vplizt leads. ‘The tip capacity of an enl:sged base shall be deter amined assuming that the ennite base area is effective ia teansfesring load. Allowance cf full effectiveness of the enlarged base shall be permitted only when cleaning of the bottom of the drilled hole is specified and ean be ac cceptably completed before conzrete placement 46524 Group Action Evaluation of gsoup shaft capacity assumes the effects ‘oftnegatve skin fiction Gfany) are negligible 465.241 Cohesive Soil Evaluation of group capacity of shafts in cchesive soil shall consider the presence and contact of a cip with the ‘ground surface ané the spaciag between adjacent satis For a shat group with a cap ia firm contact with the ‘ground, Qu, may be computed 2s the lesser of) the sum ‘of the individual capacities of cach shaft in de group or (2) the cagacity of an cqnivalent pier defized in the perimeter area of the group. For the equivalent pier, he