ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

1. Find the distance between the points (2, 3) and (0, 6).
Solution:
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(0 − 2)2 + (6 − 3)2
𝑑 = √13

2. Find the radius of a circle, given that the center is at (2, –3) and the point (–1, –2) lies
on the circle.
Solution:
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √[2 − (−1)]2 + [−3 − (−2)]2
= √2(3) + (−1)2
= √9 + 1
𝑑 = √10

3. Find the equation of the line through (-3, 1) with slope 3/2 using point-slope form.
Solution:
y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
3
y − 1 = [x − (−3)]
2
3
y − 1 = (x + 3)
2
2y − 2 = 3x + 9
2y − 3x − 11 = 0
3x + 2y + 11 = 0

4. Find the equation of the line the points (-4, 2) and (1, 6) using two point form.
Solution:
y2 − y1
y − y1 = (x − x1 )
x2 − y1
6−2
y−2= [x − (−4)]
1 − (−4)
4
y − 1 = (x + 4)
5
5y − 10 = 4x + 16
5y − 4x − 26 = 0
4x − 5y + 26 = 0
5. Write the equation of the line whose x-intercept is 2 and whose y-intercept is -6.
Solution:
x y
+ =1
a b
x y
+ = 1 or 3x − y = 6
2 −6

6. A line passes through (4, 3) and has its intercepts numerically equal but of opposite
signs. Find its equations.
Solution:
x y
+ =1
a b
4 3
+ =1 Substitute in equation 1
a b
4 3
+ =1
−b b
b=1
a=1
Substitute in equation 1
x y
+ =1
1 (−1)
x−y =1

7. Determine whether the points A(-5, 7), B(2, 6) and C(1, -1) are all the same distance
from D(-2, 3)
Solution:
𝑃1 𝑃2 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝐴𝐷 = √(−5 + 2)2 + (7 − 3)2 = √9 + 16 = 5
𝐵𝐷 = √(2 + 2)2 + (6 − 3)2 = √16 + 9 = 5
𝐶𝐷 = √(1 + 2)2 + (−1 − 3)2 = √9 + 16 = 5
Thus, the points A, B and C give the same distance from D.

8. Determine the slope of the whether the points line on a straight line A(2, 1), B(-1, 2),
C(5, 0).
Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
2−1 1
𝑚𝐴𝐵 = =−
−1 − 2 3
 2−0 1
𝑚𝐵𝐶 = =−
−1 − 5 3
1−0 1
𝑚𝐴𝐶 = =−
2−5 3
Since the slope of the line is unique, then the points A, B and C line on a straight

line.

9. Given the triangle with the vertices A(0, 6), B(4, 2) and C(-2, -2). Find the equation of
the altitude through A.
Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
−2 − 2 2
𝑚𝐵𝐶 = =
−2 − 4 3
−3
𝑦−6= (𝑥 − 0)
2

10. Find the distance between the points (-2, 2) and (-2, -3).
Solution:
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(−2 + 2)2 + (−3 − 2)2
= √25
𝑑=5
TRIGONOMETRY
1. Given a right triangle where A= 30° and c= 50cm .Find a and b.
B

50cm
a

30°
A b C
Solution:
a
sin α =
c
a
sin 30° =
50
a = 50 sin 30°
1
a = 50 ( )
2
a = 25

b
cos α =
c
b
cos 30° =
50
b = 50 cos 30°
√3
b = 50 ( )
2
b = 25√3

2. Find the unknown parts of right triangle ACB if A= 27°10’ and b= 12.3cm.
B

c
a

27°10’

A b
b= 12.3cm C
Solution:
A + B = 90°
B = 90° − A
= 90° − 27°10′
B = 62°50′
 a
tan α =
b
a
tan 27°10′ =
12.3
a = 12.3 tan 27°10′
= (12.3)(0.5132)
a = 6.31 cm

c
sec α =
b
c
sec 27°10′ =
12.3
c = 12.3 sec 27°10′
= (12.3)(1.1240)
c = 13.82 cm

3. Solve for x: 5x = 8
Solution:
5𝑥 = 8
ln5𝑥 = ln8
𝑥ln5 = ln23
𝑥ln5 = 3ln2
3ln2
𝑥=
ln5
tan θ
4. Find the equivalent trigonometric function of cot θ

Solution:
tan θ 1
= tanθ ( )
cot θ cotθ
= tanθ(tanθ)
tanθ
= tan2 θ
cotθ

5. Solve the logarithmic equation log 5 𝑥 = log 5 16.

Solution:
log 5 𝑥 = log 5 16
𝑥 2 = 16
𝑥=4
6. Solve for x: 𝑥log 4 7 = log 2 6
Solution:
log 2 6
𝑥=
log 4 7
ln6
( )
= ln2
ln7
( )
ln4
1.79176
(0.693147)
=
1.94591
(1.38629)
2.483899
=( )
1.3488
𝑥 = 1.84

7. Two observers A and B are 100 ft. apart and looking at an object O. how far is O from
A if ∠OBA = 30° and ∠OAB = 45°?

O
𝑥
45° 30°
B
100

Solution:
𝑥 100
=
sin 30° sin 105°
100 sin 30°
𝑥=
sin 105°
1
100 (2)
=
0.9659
𝑥 = 52ft.

8. Express 120° in radians as multiple of π.

Solution:
𝜋
120° = 120° ( )
180°
2𝜋
120° =
3
9. Express sin(3) cos(-2) as a sum.
Solution:
1
sin𝛼 cos𝛽 = [sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)]
2
1
sin(3)cos(−2) = [sin(1) + sin(5)]
2
5π π
10. Compute sin 12 + sin 12

Solution:
sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin𝛼 cos𝛽 + cos𝛼 sin𝛽
5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin + sin = 2 [sin ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) ]
12 12 2 3
1
= 2(1) (2)
5𝜋 𝜋
sin + sin =1
12 12
SOLID MENSURATION
1. Find the area of the largest square which can be cut from a circle with a diameter of
20cm.

d= 20cm

Solution:
𝑑 = √2𝑠
20 = √2s
20
cm = s
√2

A = s2
2
20
= ( cm)
√2
A = 201.13 cm2

π 2
Ao = d
4
π
= (20)2
4
= 100π cm2
Ao = 314.16 cm2

2. A tank open at the top, is made of tin 4cm thick. The dimensions of the tank are 4m
long, 6m wide, and 2m deep. Find the weight of the tank when empty if the tin weighs
6.8gm/cm3 .

6m

2m

Solution:
Vi = 4m x 6m x 2m
Vi = 48 m3

Vo = [6m + 2(0.04m)] + [4m + 2(0.04m)] + [2m + (0.04m)]

 Vo = 6.08m x 4.08m x 2.04m
Vo = 50.605 m3

VT = Vo − Vi
= 50.605 m3 − 48 m3
VT = 2.605 m3 or 2.61 m3

1000000 cm3
VT = 2.61 m3 x
1 m3
3
VT = 2,610,000 cm

W = VT D
6.8g
= 2,610,000 cm3 x
1 cm3
W = 17,714,380.8 g

3. What should be the diameter of a right cylindrical tank which will hold 18 liters if the
height is 25 cm? Note: 1000 cm3 = 1 liter
Solution:
Let x be the diameter
H= 25cm
V= 18 liters
D2
18,000 cm3 = π H
4
4(18,000 cm ) = πD2 H
3

4(18,000 cm3 )
= D2
πH
30.3 cm = D

4. A right circular cone of slant height 25 cm has a radius of 10 cm. Find the angle of the
sector of a circle with radius 25 cm whose area is equal to the lateral area of the given
cone.

25cm

10cm
 Solution:
S = πrℓ
= π(10 cm)(25 cm)
S = 785.4 cm2

Area of a sector = Lateral area of the cone

1 2
r θ = 785.4 cm2
2
1
(25cm)2 θ = 785.4 cm2
2
360°
θ = 2.5133 x
2π
θ = 144°

5. A tent is in the form of a right circular cylinder 9 meters in diameter and 4 meters high
surrounded by a right circular cone 5 meters high and having the same diameter as
the cylinder. Find the number of square meters in the surface area of the tent.
Solution:
ℓ = √(4.5)2 + (5)2
= √(20.25) + (25)
= √45.25
ℓ = 6.73

Surface of the tent = Area of cone + Area of cylinder

= πrℓ + 2πrh
= π(4.5m)(6.73m) + 2π(4.5m)(4m)
Surface of the tent = 208.24 cm2

6. The charge of insulating an attic floor is ₱ 40 per square meter. How much will it cost
to insulate a floor 3,500 cm wide and 4,000 cm long?
Solution:
A = ℓw
= (4,000)(3,500)
A = 14,000,000 cm2

2
(1 m)2
A = 14,000,000 cm x
(100 cm)2
2
A = 1,400 m
 40
A = 1,400 x
1 m2
Cost of insluating = ₱ 56,000.00

7. A piece of metal is 14 m long and 12 m wide. Find the weight of the metal if 1 m2 of
metal weighs 0.75 kg.
Solution:
A = ℓw
= (14)(12)
A = 168 m2

W = Area(Density)
0.75 𝑘𝑔
= 168 m2 𝑥
1 m2
W = 126 kg
1
8. An iron ball is 2 cm in radius. It is coated with lead 4 𝑐𝑚 thick. What is the volume of

the iron ball? What is the volume of the lead?

1
cm
4
2cm

Solution:
4
Vi = π(2cm)3
3
Vi = 33.51 cm3

4
Vo = πR o 3
3
4
Vo = π(2.25cm)3
3
Vo = 47.75 cm3

VL = Vo − Vi
= 47.75 cm3 − 33.51 cm3
VL = 14.25 cm3
9. The altitude of a pyramid with a square base is 9 cm. The volume is 324 cm3 . Find the
side of the base.
Solution:
1
V = BH
3
1
324 cm3 = B(9 cm)
3
324 cm3
=B
3 cm
108 cm2 = S 2 = B
√108 cm2 = S
6√3 cm = S

10. A factory manufacturing tin cans received an order for 5,000 cylindrical tin cans of
height 15 cm and diameter 7 cm. How many square centimeters of tin did this order
require if 7 cm2 are allowed for waste and steams in each can?
Solution:
Total area = Lateral area + Area of lower base
= 2πrh + πr 2
= 2π(3.5)(15) + π(3.5)2
= 329.868 + 38.48
Total area = 368.35 cm2

Materials needed = Total area + Allowance for the seam

= 368.35 cm2 + 7 cm2
Materials needed = 375.35 cm2 / 𝑐𝑎𝑛
Materials needed for 5000 cans = 1876.750 cm2
ALGEBRA
1. Solve the equation 2x 2 + 3x – 2 = 0
Solution:
2x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0
2x 2 + 4x − x − 2 = 0
2x(x + 2) − (x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(2x − 1 ) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or 2x − 1 = 0
1
x = −2 or x =
2

2. Write the radical expression √24x 8 y 9 in simplified form. Assume that the variables
represent positive real numbers.
Solution:
√24x 8 y 9 = √4x 8 y 8 · √6y

= 2x 4 y 4 √6y

3. Solve for x from 3√x = 9

Solution:
3√x = 9
9
√x =
3
√x = 3
(√x)2 = (3)2
x=9

4. Divide and simplify √40 ÷ √5

Solution:
40
√40 ÷ √5 = √
5
= √8
= √4 · √2
√40 ÷ √5 = 2√2

5. Factor 4x 2 + 20xy + 25y 2

Solution:
 a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
4x 2 + 20xy + 25y 2 = (2x + 5y)2

6. Find the sum of the first 50 terms of the sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 . . .

Solution:
a = 1 , d = 2 , n = 50
1
S n = n(2a + (n − 1)d)
2
1
S 50 = (50)[2(1) + (50 − 1)(2)]
2
= 25[ 2 + 49(2)]
= 25(2 + 98)
S 50 = 2500

7. A job posted at jobstreet.com offered a starting salary of $40,000 per year and
guaranteeing a raise of $1600 per year for the rest of 5 years. Write the general term
for the arithmetic sequence that models potential annual salaries.
Solution:
an = a1 + (n − 1) d
an = 40,000 + (n − 1)(1600)
an = 40,000 + 1600n − 1600
an = 38,400 + 1600n

8. Find the value of x from log6 (x - 2) + log6 (x + 3) = 1.

Solution:
log 6 (x − 2) + log 6 (x + 3) = 1
log 6 (x − 2)(x + 3) = log 6 66
(x − 2)(x + 3) = 6(x − 2)(x + 3) = 6
x2+ x − 6 = 6
x 2 + x − 12 = 0
(x + 4)(x − 3) = 0
x = −4 and/or x = 3

9. The common difference of an arithmetic progression is 3 and the 15th term is 37. Find
the first term.
Solution:
d = 3, t15 = 37, and n = 15
t n = a + (n – 1)d
37 = a + (15 – 1)3
 37 = a + 42
a =– 5

10. Solve for x from the equation: 2x+1 ⋅ 3x = 5x+3

Solution:
2x+1 ⋅ 3x = 5x+3
ln(2x+1 ⋅ 3x ) = ln 5x+3
ln 2x+1 + ln 3x = ln 5x+3
(x + 1) ln 2 + x ln 3 = (x + 3) ln 5
x ln 2 + ln 2 + x ln 3 = x ln 5 + 3 ln 5
x ln 2 + x ln 3 − x ln 5 = 3 ln 5 − ln 2
x ln 2 + x ln 3 − x ln 5 = ln 53 − ln 2
x (ln 2 + ln 3 − ln 5) = ln125 − ln 2
2(3) 125
x ln = ln
5 2
x ln 1.2 = ln 62.5
ln 62.5
x=
ln 1.2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
1. If f(x) = 𝑥 2 – x + 3; find f(0), f(2), f(−4), f(−2x)
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = x 2 − x + 3
𝑓(0) = 02 − 0 + 3 = 3
𝑓(2) = 22 − 2 + 3 = 5
𝑓(−4) = (−4)2 − (−4) + 3 = 23
𝑓(−2𝑥) = (−2x)2 − (−2x) + 3 = 4x 2 + 2x + 3

2. Evaluate lim(𝑥 2 + 3x − 5)
x→4

Solution:
lim(𝑥 2 + 3x − 5) = 42 + 3(4) − 5 = 23
x→4

3. Calculate the derivative of f(x) = 2x 3 – 4x 2 + x − 33

Solution:
d n
(x ) = nx n−1
dx 0
d d d d d
(2x 3 – 4x 2 + x − 33) = (2x 3 )– (4x 2 ) + (x)– (33)
dx dx dx dx dx
d 3 d 2 d
= 2 (x )– 4 (x ) + (x)
dx dx dx
= 2(3x 2 )– 4(2x) + 1
d
(2x 3 – 4x 2 + x − 33) = 6x 2 − 8x + 1
dx
5
4. Differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) = x3

Solution:
d d
(5x 3 ) = 5 (x −3 )
dx dx
= 5[(−3)x −3−1 ]
= −15x −4
d
(5x 3 ) = −15x 4
dx

5. Find the third derivative of y = x 5

Solution:
y ′ = 5x 4
y ′′ = 20x 3
y ′′′ = 60x 2
6. Differentiate y = (x 3 + 7x − 1)(5x + 2)
Solution:
y′ = (x 3 + 7x − 1)(5x + 2) + (x 3 + 7x − 1)(5x + 2)
= (x 3 + 7x − 1)(5) + (3x 2 + 7)(5x + 2)
= 5x 3 + 35x − 5 + 5x 3 + 6x 2 + 35x + 14
y'= 20x 3 + 6x 2 + 70x + 9

7. What should be the shape of a rectangular field of a given area, if it is to be enclosed

by the least amount of fencing?
Solution:
y

x
Area:
A = xy
0 = xy ′ + y
y
y′ = −
x
Perimeter:
P = 2x + 2y
dP
= 2 + 2y ′ = 0
dx
y
1 + (− ) = 0
x
y=x

8. If the hypotenuse of the right triangle is given, show that the area is maximum when
the triangle is isosceles.

c
y

x
Solution:
x2 + y2 = c2
2x + 2yy ′ = 0
x
y′ = −
y
 Area:
A = 12xy
dA
= 12[xy ′ + y] = 0
db
xy ′ + y = 0
x
x (− ) + y = 0
y
x2
y=
y
y = x2
2

y=x

9. Find the dimension of the largest rectangular building that can be placed on a right-
triangular lot, facing one of the perpendicular sides.

b
y

x a-x
a

Solution:
Area:
A = xy

From the figure:

y
= ba
a−x
b
y = (a − x)
a
b
A = x (a − x)
a
𝑏
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑎
dA 2b
=b− x=0
dx a
2b
x=b
a
1
x= a
2
 b 1
y = (a − a )
a 2
1
y= b
2

Dimensions: ½ a × ½ b

10. The strength of a rectangular beam is proportional to the breadth and the square of
the depth. Find the shape of the largest beam that can be cut from a log of given size.
Solution:
Diameter is given (log of given size), thus D is constant
b2 + d2 = D2
db
2b + 2d = 0
dd
db d
=−
dd b

Strength:
S = bd2
dS d2 db
= b(2d) + =0
dd dd
d
2bd + d2 (− ) = 0
b
d3
2bd =
b
2b2 = d2
d = 2– √b

Depth = √2 × breadth
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
1. Two coins are tossed, find the probability that two heads are obtained. Note: Each
coin has two possible outcomes H (heads) and T (Tails).
Solution:
The sample space S is given by.
S = {(H, T), (H, H), (T, H), (T, T)}
Let E be the event two heads are obtained.
E = {(H, H)}
We use the formula of the classical probability.
n(E) 1
P(E) = =
n(S) 4
2. Consider another example where a pack contains 4 blue, 2 red and 3 black pens. If
a pen is drawn at random from the pack, replaced and the process repeated 2 more
times, What is the probability of drawing 2 blue pens and 1 black pen?
Solution:
Here, total number of pens = 9
4
Probability of drawing 1 blue pen =
9
4
Probability of drawing another blue pen =
9
3
Probability of drawing 1 black pen =
9
4 4 3 48 16
Probability of drawing 2 blue pens and 1 black pen = ∗ ∗ = =
9 9 9 729 243
3. In a class, 40% of the students study math and science. 60% of the students study
math. What is the probability of a student studying science given he/she is already
studying math?
Solution:
P(M and S) = 0.40
P(M) = 0.60
P(M and S) 0.40 2
P(S|M) = = = = 0.67
P(S) 0.60 3
4. A single coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of getting at least one head?
Solution:
1
Probability of getting no head = P(all tails) =
32
1 31
P(at least one head) = 1 – P(all tails) = 1 – =
32 32
5. Suppose we draw a card from a deck of playing cards. What is the probability that
we draw a spade?
Solution:
1 1
P(Spade) = (13) ( ) =
52 4
6. On the plane there are 6 different points (no 3 of them are lying on the same line).
How many segments do you get by joining all the points?
Solution:
 6
C(6,2) = ( )
2
6
C(6,2) =
4! 2!
6x5
C(6,2) =
2
C(6,2) = 15
7. How many ways can first and second place be awarded to 10 people?
Solution:
10! 10! 3,628,800
= = = 90
(10 − 2)! 8! 40,320
8. From a pack of cards, three cards are drawn at random. Find the probability that
each card is from different suit.
Solution:
52
Total number of cases = C 3
13
4 (C 1 ) 3
Probability = C3 x 52
C3
(13)3
Probability = 4 x 52
C3
9. In how many ways can a supermarket manager display 5 brands of cereals in 3
spaces on a shelf?
Solution:
n n!
Pr =
(n − r)!
5 5! 5!
P3 = = = 60
(5 − 3)! 2
10. Suppose a coin is flipped 3 times. What is the probability of getting two tails and one
head?
Solution:
The sample space consists of 8 sample points
S = {TTT, TTH, THT, THH, HTT, HTH, HHT, HHH}
A = {TTH, THT, HTT}
1 1 1 3
P(A) = + + =
8 8 8 8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1. Eliminate the arbitrary constant of the equation 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑐
Solution:
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑐
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 − 3𝑦(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
3
𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑥 − 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
2. 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 1 + 𝑦 2 when 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3
Solution:
2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 1 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 = 1 + 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑦
2𝑑𝑥 3𝑑𝑦
=
𝑥 𝑦
2𝑑𝑥 3𝑑𝑦
∫ =∫
𝑥 𝑦
2𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐1
let 𝑐1 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐
2𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 3𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐
𝑥2
𝑙𝑛 3 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐
𝑦
𝑥2
𝑐= 3
𝑦
when 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1
(2)2
𝑐= = −4
(−1)3
𝑥2
= −4
𝑦3
𝑥 2 = −4𝑦 3
2
𝑥 3
𝑦 = −( )
2
3. Solve the equation √𝑥 − 𝑦
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = √𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = √𝜆𝑥 − 𝜆𝑦
= √𝜆(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = √𝜆√𝑥 − 𝑦
1
Homogeneous, 2 degree
4. Solve and find a general solution to the differential equation. y ' = 2x + 1
Solution:
 ∫ y ′ dx = ∫(2x + 1)
y = x2 + x + C
5. Detemine whether or not the fuction is homogenous, state the degree of