Contour Plowing

Contour plowing or contour farming or

Contour ploughing is the farming practice of
plowing and/or planting across a slope
following its elevation contour lines. These
contour lines create a water break which
reduces the formation of rills and gullies during
times of heavy water run-off; which is a major
cause of soil erosion. The water break also
allows more time for the water to settle into
the soil.[1] In contour plowing, the ruts made
by the plow run perpendicular rather than
parallel to the slopes, generally resulting in
furrows that curve around the land and are
level. This method is also known for preventing
tillage erosion.[2] Tillage erosion is the soil
movement and erosion by tilling a given plot of
land.[3] A similar practice is contour bunding where stones are placed around the contours of
slopes.Contour ploughing helps to reduce soil erosion.

Strip Cropping
Strip cropping is a method of farming which
involves cultivating a field partitioned into long,
narrow strips which are alternated in a crop
rotation system. It is used when a slope is too steep
or when there is no alternative method of
preventing soil erosion. The most common crop
choices for strip cropping are closely sown crops
such as hay, wheat, or other forages which are
alternated with strips of row crops, such as corn,
soybeans, cotton, or sugar beets.[1] The forages
serve primarily as cover crops. In certain systems,
strips in particularly eroded areas are used to grow
permanent protective vegetation; in most systems,
however, all strips are alternated on an annual
basis.[2]
Terracing
In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane
that has been cut into a series of successively
receding flat surfaces or platforms, which
resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective
farming. This type of landscaping is therefore
called terracing. Graduated terrace steps are
commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous
terrain. Terraced fields decrease both erosion and
surface runoff, and may be used to support
growing crops that require irrigation, such as rice.
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras have
been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
because of the significance of this technique.[1]

Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of
dissimilar or different types of crops in the same
area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the
soil of farms is not used for only one set of
nutrients. It helps in reducing soil erosion and
increases soil fertility and crop yield.

Growing the same crop in the same place for many

years in a row (monocropping) disproportionately
depletes the soil of certain nutrients. With
rotation, a crop that leaches the soil of one kind of
nutrient is followed during the next growing
season by a dissimilar crop that returns that
nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of
nutrients. In addition, crop rotation mitigates the
buildup of pathogens and pests that often occurs
when one species is continuously cropped, and can
also improve soil structure and fertility by
increasing biomass from varied root structures.
Riprapping

Riprap, also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armor or rubble, is rock or other material used to
armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other shoreline structures against scour
and water or ice erosion. Common rock types used include granite and limestone. Concrete rubble from
building and paving demolition is sometimes used.

Underwater, riprap caps submerged tunnels to protect against accidental anchor strikes or sinking
debris.
BAHAY KUBO