Mark Scheme

Sample Assessment Material 2018

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

in Science Double Award (4SD0) Paper 1B
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Sample Assessment Material 2018

All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018
 General Marking Guidance
 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer
matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.

Subject specific marking guidance

Symbols, terms used in the mark scheme
 Round brackets ( ): words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the
marking point but are not required to award the point
 Curly brackets { }: indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives
(separated by obliques), where necessary, to avoid confusion
 Oblique /: words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each
other and either answer should receive full credit.
 ecf: indicates error carried forward which means that a wrong answer given in an
early part of a question is used correctly to a later part of a question.

You will not see ‘owtte’ (or words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the mark scheme has specified specific.

The Additional Guidance column is used for extra guidance to clarify any points in the
mark scheme. It may be used to indicate:
 what will not be accepted for that marking point in which case the phrase ‘do not
accept’ will be alongside the relevant marking point
 it might have examples of possible acceptable answers which will be adjacent to
that marking point
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(i) C contraction of ventricles 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a)(ii) C right atrium 1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1(b)(i) Counting 2

 6 peaks in 5.5s (1)

Multiplication

 6 ÷ 5.5 x 60 = 65 (1) Award full marks for

correct numerical
answer without working

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 more peaks / increased heart rate (1)

 adrenaline (1)

Total for Question 1 = 6 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a) An answer that makes reference to two the following points: 2

 thin (1)

 large surface area (1)

 rich blood supply (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to five of the following 5
points:

 reduce population (1)

 increase in oxygen consumption / demand (1)

 reduction in available oxygen (1)

 respiration affected (1)

 bacteria grow (1)

 death of fish (1)

 migration (1)

 only one fish used so results not reliable (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(b)(ii) 1
 (water) temperature
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of following 2
points:

 fish killed (1)

 enzymes denatured / eq (1)

 less oxygen dissolved in water (1)

 unethical / cruel / unnecessary (1)

 range used is sufficient to show trend (1)

Total for Question 2 = 10 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
3 (a) 1
 spinal cord

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(i) B 1.40 mm per s 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

 person P (may) not be brain damaged because pupil

diameter decreased (1)

 person Q has brain damage because pupil diameter did

not decrease (1)

 person Q brain damage may be limited to part that

controls eye / vision (1)

 damage could be to retina (1)

 damage could be to optic nerve / sensory nerve (1)

 damage could be to motor nerve (1)

 radial muscles relax contract / circular muscles

contract in person P (1)

Total for Question 3 = 6 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 6

S scale linear and half grid (1)

L lines clear and straight (1)

A x axis is independent variable (1)

A axes labelled with units (1)

P points correctly plotted (1)

K key provided (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) An answer that makes reference to six of the following 6
points:

Argument for biological control being better:

 ref to data / numbers are lower with biological control

(1)

 biological control is specific / only kills whitefly (1)

 no need to reapply (1)

 pesticide fails to kill mutant / resistant whitefly (1)

Argument against biological control being better:

 ref to data / biological control takes longer to reduce

whitefly (1)

 wasps may escape and kill other species (1)

 only one glasshouse used / data not reliable / no idea

about the size of each glasshouse (1)

 no idea about control of abiotic factors (1)

 no idea about species / age / size of plant (1)

Total for Question 4 = 12 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
5(a)(i) A one of them 1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) Multiplication 2

5.4 million x 1000 (1)

Expression

= 5400 million / 5.4 x 109 / Award full marks for correct

5 400 000 000 (1) numerical answer without
working

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5(b)(i) Subtraction 2

25 – 15 = 10 (1)

Division and multiplication

10 ÷ 25 x 100 = 40 (1) Award full marks for correct

numerical answer without
working

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

 less oxygen absorbed in lungs (1)

 less oxygen transport to muscles (1)

 less aerobic respiration (1)

 less energy / ATP (1)

 more lactic acid / anaerobic respiration (1)

Total for Question 5 = 9 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

 mutation causes variation (1)

 those with flap of skin survive (1)

 less energy used in finding food (1)

 can cover greater distances to find more food (1)

 easier to avoid predators (1)

 reproduce and pass on allele for flap of skin (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b) A description that makes reference to four of the following 5
points:

 oxygen (1)

 glucose (1)

 respiration / energy / ATP (1)

 amino acids for protein (1)

 diffusion (1)

 remove carbon dioxide / urea (1)

Question Answer Mark
Number
6(c) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 meiosis (1)

 sperm/eggs have half the number of chromosomes (1)

 sperm may contain X or Y chromosomes (1)

 independent assortment / different combination of

chromosomes from each parent (1)

 random fertilisation (1)

 mutation (1)

Total for Question 6 = 12 marks

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
7 (a) An answer that makes reference to the 4
following points:

 measure oxygen produced / ALLOW glucose

CO2 used / starch produced (1)

 by counting bubbles / ALLOW

use measuring cylinder / hydrogen Benedict’s
carbonate / iodine (1)

 stated time period (1)

 control of abiotic variable (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
7 (b)(i) A description that makes reference to the 2
following points:

 both show peaks at blue and red (1)

 both show trough in green / yellow (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 3

 chlorophylls absorb different wavelength / colour of light

(1)

 green light / 500 to 600 not absorbed / reflected so no

effect on photosynthesis (1)

 blue / red light is absorbed so is effective at increasing

photosynthesis (1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(c)(i) C light energy is converted to chemical energy 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(c)(ii) B increase in the availability of carbon dioxide 1

Total for Question 7 = 11 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a) 2
 A stigma

 B anther

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (b) An answer that makes reference to four of 4
the following points:

 Flower 1 is insect pollinated / Flower 2

is wind pollinated (1)

 as Flower 1 has large petals / Flower 2

has no / small petals (1)

 as Flower 1 is larger / Flower 2 is

smaller (1)

 as Flower 2 has exposed / feathery

stigma / Flower 1 has enclosed stigma
(1)

 as Flower 2 has exposed anthers /

hinged filaments / Flower 1 has
enclosed anthers (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
8 (c) An answer that that makes reference to six of 6
the following points:

 C use range of soil pH (1) To gain full

credit full
 O use genetically identical flowers of sentences and
same species (1) detail must be
included
 R use many flowers in each soil pH (1)

 M1 record colour of flower using chart/

extract pigment (1)

 M2 grow plants for stated time (1)

 S1 use same compost / same

minerals / same water (1)

 S2 same light intensity / same

temperature / same CO2 available (1)

Total for Question 8 = 12 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
9(a) 1
 AIDS / Ebola / measles / tobacco mosaic / eq;

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (b) An answer that makes reference to three of 3
the following points:

 viruses cannot divide / reproduce

without host cell (1)

 viruses cannot respire (1)

 viruses cannot make proteins (1)

 viruses do not feed (1)

 viruses do not grow (1)

 viruses do not excrete (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (c) An explanation that makes reference to four 4
of the following points:

 viruses have antigens on their surface

(1)

 white blood cells involved (1)

 phagocytes engulf viruses (1)

 lymphocytes produce antibodies (1)

 antibodies are virus specific (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9 (d) An explanation that makes reference to four 4
of the following points:

 most bacteria killed by antibiotic (1)

 population number falls (1)

 only resistant forms survive (1)

 no competition with non-resistant

strains (1)

 reproduce and pass on allele for

resistance (1)

 most bacteria are now resistant (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
9(e) 2
 26 = 64

 500 x 64 = 32 000 Award full

marks for
correct
numerical
answer without
working

Total for Question 9 = 14 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
10 (a) 5

Letter Name of process

A fossilisation
B combustion (1)
C respiration (1)
D photosynthesis (1)
E feeding (1)
F death (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
10(b)(i)  measured size = 4.3 cm ALLOW range from 4.2 2
-4.4 cm

Award full marks for

 divided by 10 = 0.43 cm correct numerical answer
without working

Size of woodlouse will

depend upon how paper
printing is set up, centres
will need to measure this
on the hard copy they use.

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(b)(ii) A animals 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(c)(i) B fungi 1

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
10 (c) (ii) An answer that makes reference to two of 2
the following points:

 cellulose digested to glucose (1)

  glucose absorbed (1)

 gain (more) energy / respiration (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
10 (c) (iii) An answer that makes reference to one of 1
the following points:

 bacteria get shelter (1)

 bacteria get warmth / eq (1)

 bacteria get food (1)

Total for Question 10 = 12 marks

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
11 (a) A description that includes the following 2
points:

 site of respiration (1)

 release energy / form ATP (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
11(b)(i) 2
 1.4 divided by 100 x 20 (1)

 x 1000 = 280 g (1) Award full

marks for
correct
numerical
answer without
working

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
11 (b)(ii) An explanation that includes the following 2
points:

 sperm need energy / ATP

to swim to egg (1)

 muscle cells need energy / ATP

for contraction (1)

Total for Question 11 = 6 marks

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