No Drugs Class Mechanism of Action Indication Onset Duration Dosage Side Effect

36 Ephedrine Vasopressor Stimulates both α- and Nasal congestion, 10-20 3-6 hr Adult: 2.5- Nausea, vomiting, HTN,
β-receptors, thereby acute min (oral) 10 mg fever, palpitations,
causing bronchospasm, (IM) Children: tachycardia,
bronchodilation, reversal of 0.1mg/kg restlessness, resp
peripheral spinal/epidural depression, convulsions;
vasoconstriction and anesthesia induced paranoid psychosis,
CNS stimulation. It also hypotension delusions and
has stimulant action on hallucinations
the resp centre.

37 Furosemide Diuretic Inhibit Edematous states approx 2 hr (IV) 10-100mg Hypokalemia, metabolic
Na + and Cl − (sodium overload), 5 min (IV) alkalosis, hypovolemia,
reabsorption in the hypertension, acute (IV) electrolyte disturbances,
thick ascending limb. oliguria, reversible & irreversible
Excretion of K and hypercalcemia, hearing loss,
ammonia is also hyponatremia hypotension
increased while uric
acid excretion is
reduced
38 Nicardipin CCB Inhibits Ca ion from Hypertension, 10 min ≤8 hr (IV) 5 mg/hr Hypotension,
entering the slow angina pectoris (IV) slow bradycardia,
channels or select infusion, palpitations, flushing,
voltage-sensitive areas max 15 drowsiness, confusion,
of vascular smooth mg/hr slurred speech.
muscle and myocardium
during depolarisation,
 producing a relaxation
of coronary vascular
smooth muscle and
coronary vasodilatation.
also increases
myocardial oxygen
delivery in patients w/
vasospastic angina.
39 Prostigmin Anti Inhibits the hydrolysis of neonatal myasthenia 5 – 10 ≥ 1 hr 0.04 - 0.08 Muscarinic effects e.g.
kolinesterase acetylcholine by gravis, reversal of min mg/kg (up abdominal cramps,
competing w/ neuromuscular (IV) to 5 mg in increased peristalsis,
acetylcholine for its blockade, adults) diarrhoea, nausea and
binding site on myasthenia gravis, vomiting, increased
acetylcholinesterase. It paralytic ileus and bronchial secretions,
facilitates impulse post op urinary salivation, diaphoresis,
transmission across retention miosis and nicotinic
neuromuscular effects e.g. muscular
junctions thus, cramps, fasciculations,
enhancing cholinergic general weakness.
action. It also has a Bradycardia and
direct cholinomimetic hypotension may also
effect on skeletal occur.
muscle and possibly on
autonomic ganglion
cells and neurons of the
CNS.
40 Methylergome Is an ergot alkaloid, prevention of post Immed 45 min (IV) 200 mcg 3- Prolonged gangrene,
trin maleate which directly partum hemorrhage iate 4 numbness in extremities,
stimulates contractions (IV) times/day acute nausea, vomiting,
of uterine and vascular abdominal pain,
smooth muscle. respiratory depression,
changes in BP, seizures
41 Sodium Is a polysaccharide Ophth Surgical aid Osteoarthri
hyaluronat which functions as a in the anterior tis of the
tissue lubricant. It is segment during knee
widely used in cataract extraction Adult: 20-
ophthalmic surgery and intraocular lens 25 mg once
because it forms a implantation, wkly for 5
viscoelastic solution in Topicial Skin ulcers wk or up to
water which makes it a and wounds, Intra- 30 mg once
suitable substitute for articularOsteoarthri wkly for 3-4
aqueous and vitreous tis of the knee wk.
humour. Ophthalmic
Surgical aid
in the
anterior
segment
during
cataract
extraction
and
intraocular
lens
implantati
on
Adult: Slow
ly admin a
sufficient
quantity
into the
eye.
Topical/Cut
aneous
Skin ulcers
and
wounds
Adult: As
cream, gel
or spray:
Apply a
thin layer
onto clean
and
disinfected
wound/ulc
er bid-tid.
Cover with
sterile,
non-stick
dressing.