Laboratory work#4(14)

Loading of the subsonic transport plane at influence of gust

in flight.

The purpose of work is calculation of the maximal bending moment in wing

root for typical flight from action of the gust set by AR.

Н
2 Нc 3
=10
а)
4, 0.5Hc
=10 5, H=0.4km0
1
6, H=0 t

G f

1(0,95) 2(0.85)
3(0,2)
b) 4(0,15)
5(0,12)
6(0,1)

t
V
2 Vc 3

4(0,8Vc)
c)
5(1,2Vt)
1(1,2Vt) 6(0,9Vt) t

Fig. 1. Program of flight

It is considered loading of the plane in 6 points of flight, as shown in fig. 1a, b,

c. In each point the height of flight Н (in points 1, 5, 6 Н = 0; in point 4

1
 G f ,i
Н = 0,5Нc), speed of flight and relative fuel weight onboard G f  are set.
Gf
where G f ,i - fuel weight in i-th point is, G f is initial fuel weight. The size of gust W
varies from height of flight agrees AR as it is given on fig. 2.
Take-off weight of the plane Gt, initial weight of fuel Gf, a wing span Lw, the
wing area Sw, a derivative C y , height of cruiser flight Hc, cruiser speed Vc, take-off
speed Vt and landing speed Vl are set in variant.
Wi m/s

15,2 20,27-0,83110-3Н (m)

7,6

Н, m
6096 15240
Fig. 2. Changing of gust from height

In points 1 and 4 plane makes maneuvers in a vertical plane - climb and

descent.
n y0  cos  (1)
In a point 5 plane makes maneuver in a horizontal plane - a turn on landing
with angle of roll  = 15
1
n y0  (2)
cos 
At performance of such maneuver it is considered, it agrees AR, improbable
action of the maximal gust and undertakes in calculation only 0.5W.
Calculation is carried out in the tabulated form (tab. 1). Lines 1-7 are filled
according to the program of flight. The density is given in the table of a standard
atmosphere. It agrees AR-25 calculation it is carried out in technical system of units
of measurements - kg of forces, m, s.
In the eighth line there is a current weight of the plane by the formula
G p ,i  G t  G f 1  G f ,i  (3)
Speed of gust Wi in the ninth line of the table is on fig. 2. At heights
6096m Н 15240m speed of gust is, agrees AR, by the formula
Wi = 20.27 - 0.831*10-3*H(m),
where Н - height of flight in m.
The initial load factor (the tenth line) is by the formula (1) and (2) accordingly.

2
 It agrees AR-25 the damping factor of gust K is equal to:
0 ,88Uq
K (4)
5 ,3  Uq
where
2 G p Sw
Uq  , (5)
bm  0 C y g
Sw
where bm  is the mean wing chord, the density of air in technical system
Lw
kg  s 2
 0 = 0.125 - in [].
m4
The increment of a load factor from an impulse (the line #13) is computed by
the formula
Wi VEASi
ny  KCy , (6)
16Gp,i Sw
where Wi - equivalent airspeed of a vertical gust in m/s, Vi - equivalent airspeed of
the plane in m/s, Gp,I - the current weight of the plane in kg.
Equivalent airspeed VEASi is by the formula (7) and is written in the line #12.
H
VEASi  Vi
 Vi  , (7)
0
where V - speed of the plane in m/s, H - density of air at height of flight, 0 -
density of air at height H=0, Δ – is relative density. Here H, 0 and Δ are given in
the table of standard atmosphere (SА) in system SI.
The full load factor (in the line #14) is equal to:

n y  n y0   n y

The bending moment in the wing root is by the approached formula, agrees
fig. 3.
M b  0.1G pi  0.125G f G f ,i Lw n y ,i  g .

3
 0.2Lw
Yw

Gf
Gp
0.25Lw

Lw

Fig. 3. The circuit of wing loading.

It appears from this, that the maximal bending moment is reached, as a rule,
not at the maximal load factor.

4
 Table №1.
1 Np 1 2 3 4 5 6

2 H, m 0 0 0

3  10 0 0 10 0 0

4  0 0 0 0 15 0

5 H 1.225 1.225 1.225

6 Vi, m/s

7 G f ,i 0.95 0.85 0.2 0.15 0.12 0.1

8 Gp,i, kg

9 Wi, m/s 15.2 7.6 15.2

10 ny0 1 1 1

11 K

12 VEASi,
m/s
13 ny
14 ny

15 Mb, kgm

Result:
Mb max =
in point #

5
 Standard atmosphere

Height, Temperature, Pressure, Density, Relative Acoustic

Н, m tH, 0C PH, Pa Н, kg/m3 density speed
=Н/0 m/s km/h
-1000 21.5 113920 1.347 1.099 344.1 1238
0 15 101325 1.225 1.000 340.2 1225
1000 8.5 89860 1.11 0.907 336.4 1211
2000 2.0 79500 1.006 0.821 332.5 1197
3000 -4.5 70130 0.909 0.742 328.5 1183
4000 -11.0 61595 0.819 0.668 324.5 1168
5000 -17.5 54000 0.736 0.601 320.5 1154
6000 -24.0 47200 0.660 0.539 316.4 1139
7000 -30.5 41060 0.590 0.482 312.2 1124
8000 -37.0 35600 0.526 0.420 308 1109
9000 -43.5 30800 0.467 0.381 303.8 1093
10000 -50.0 26400 0.413 0.337 299.4 1078
11000 -56.5 22665 0.365 0.298 295 1062
12000 -56.5 19385 0.312 0.254 295 1062
13000 -56.5 16570 0.266 0.217 295 1062
14000 -56.5 14160 0.228 0.186 295 1062
16000 -56.5 10280 0.166 0.137 295 1062
18000 -56.5 7560 0.120 0.099 295 1062
20000 -56.5 5520 0.088 0.072 295 1062