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Cobalt Rush
Long battery life on EVs can extend range Efficient solar & wind Powerful & slim laptops
smartphones between charges storage that last for years
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Early Days for EVs
• EV penetration rates expected to balloon from <2% in 2017 to >14% in 2025
• Largest EV markets are China (47.9%) and Europe (22.5%)
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Battery Material Demand Driving Higher
Cobalt Demand
Source: Citi 9
NCM 811 Faces Challenges
High cobalt
Lower energy
Longevity (%)
density
NMC622
(~60% nickel)
Higher energy
density Bad Bad
NCM 811
Increased Discharge Capacity = Increased Range
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Reduced Density ≠ Reduced Demand
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DRC Leads in Production…
• Over 50% of the world’s cobalt reserves and production are in the Democratic Republic of Congo
• Impact from instability in DRC reduced global cobalt mine supply 2.7% YoY in 2017
Russia 5%
DRC 66%
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DRC Supply Risks
Katanga Dispute
• $3 billion claims filed by Israeli billionaire, Dan Gertler
Ethical Cobalt
• Child labour in artisanal mining puts pressure on end-users to look elsewhere
• Monitoring and tracing mechanisms being developed to certify “clean cobalt” in smartphones and EVs
Geopolitical Instability
• President Kabila’s refusal to step down raises prospect of another civil war
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Cobalt Outside the DRC?
• Lots of cobalt in the world
• But cobalt has never been a focus of exploration
25.5 Mt 147 Mt
Terrestrial Deposits Terrestrial & Ocean Floor Deposits
3%
7%
8%
5% 1%
38%
41%
36%
45%
15%
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*non-compliant with NI 43-101, see pg. 2 for details
Global Cobalt Production
Iron Creek
• 1.3M tons grading an average of 0.59% cobalt
and 0.3% copper* (non-compliant NI 43-101
resource estimate)
• Mineral Resource expected in 2018
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Iron Creek Historical Resource
• Noranda Exploration defined two mineralized zones over 400m of strike length (1980)
• 1.3M tons grading an average of 0.59% cobalt and 0.3% copper (Non-compliant with NI 43-101)
• 40 drill holes and 10,800m in 2017 confirmed historic mineralization and confirm broader mineralized
zones
• Mineralization for over 800m and is open to west and down-dip
• NI 43-101 resource estimate expected in 2018
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• Mining patents at project area and exploration permits for surrounding property
• Infrastructure already in place:
• Underground development including 600m of drifting from three adits
• All weather road connecting to highway 93
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THE COBALT CAMP
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Historic Canadian Cobalt Camp
• First Cobalt controls 45% of the Cobalt Camp,
including 50 past producing mines
• Historically the most prolific cobalt mining camp
in Canada
• 50 million pounds of cobalt and 600
million ounces of silver mined over a 60-
year period
• Peak production from 1919 to 1931
• Limited historic exploration, focused on silver
• Never explored for cobalt or bulk mining
potential
• Shallow mining, typically < 200m depth
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Steps to Success
Intercepts include:
10.4m of 0.15% Co incl. 0.3m of 0.75% Co
4.6m of 0.27% Co incl. 0.3m of 0.44% Ni
5.0m of 0.10% Co incl. 0.3m of 1.45% Co, 940 g/t Ag
2.0m of 0.32% Co, 208 g/t Ag incl. 0.3m of 3.81% Co,
1,225 g/t Ag
8.0m of 31 g/t Ag
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FIRST COBALT REFINERY
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Permitted Refinery
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North American Cobalt Processing Capability
Autoclave Refinery Aerial