Forms of Hooke’s Law

Tensor (Full) Form:

( 4)
  C

 xx  xy  xz 
 

   yx  yy  yz  is the stress matrix (9 components)
 zx  zy  zz 
 

 xx  xy  xz 
 
   yx  yy  yz 
 is the strain matrix (9 components)
 zx  zy  zz 

( 4)

 C : Elastic-constant tensor (81 components)

 In component form, Hooke’s law can be written as:

 ij  Cijkl kl (i,j,k,l = x,y,z),

 For example:
z z
 xy   C xykl  kl  C xyxx  xx  C xyxy  xy  C xyxz  xz  C xyyx  yx
k x lx
.
 C xyyy  yy  C xyyz  yz  C xyzx zx  C xyzy zy  C xyzz zz

Vector (Short) Form:

 Because σij = σji and εij = εji, there are only 6 independent components in the stress
and strain matrices.

 Using the following index transformation (xx  1, yy  2, zz  3, yz = zy  4, xz

= zx  5, xy = yx  6), we can write  , and C in the following short forms:
    1  2  3  4  5  6    xx  yy   zz  yz  xz  xy  is
the stress vector (6 independent components).
   1  2  3  4  5  6    xx  yy   zz 2 yz 2 xz 2 xy  is
the strain vector (6 independent components).
 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 
C C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 
 21
C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36  is the elastic-constant

C    matrix (36 components).
C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 
C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 
 
C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 

 Furthermore, note that: Cij = Cji. Therefore, there are only 21 independent elastic
constants that can exist in a material.

 Therefore, Hooke’s law can be written in matrix form as:

  1  C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16   1 
    
  2  C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26   2 
   C C32 C33 C34 C35 C36   3 
 3    31  
  4  C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46  2 4  .
   C C52 C53 C54 C55 C56  2 5 
 5   51 
   C C66  2 6 
 6   61 C62 C63 C64 C65

 In component form:

 i  Cij j (i,j = 1,2,3,4,5,6).

 For example:
6
 6   C6 j j  C611  C62 2  C63 3  2C64 4  2C65 5  2C66 6
j 1
 In isotropic media, Hooke’s law takes the following form:
  1    2    0 0 0   1 
    
 2      2  0 0 0   2 
       2 0 0 0   3 
 3    
 4   0 0 0  0 0  2 4  .
    
 5  0 0 0 0  0  2 5 
   0 
 6  0 0 0 0   2 6 
 Hooke’s law in an isotropic medium is given by the following index equations:
iiii, (i = x,y,z) and ijij, (i ≠ j, i,j = x,y,z).