Applications of ac- ac converters in electric power

systems
Jesús Ricardo Cabezas Perugachi

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE

jrcabezasp@utn.edu.ec

Abstract— This document presents the different applications of AC power control without frequency change.
ac-ac converters in electric power systems in addition to their The number of input phases is equal to that of the output, it can
different configurations and constituent elements also control real and reactive power [3]
According to the control they are divided into:
Introduction
Control all or nothing (on-off)
Ac ac converters usually accept electrical energy from one
It is considered an ideal switch, the input power will only
system and deliver it to another with different waveform,
depend on the input voltage between the load. the switching
frequency, different phase, "that is, it supplies voltage and
time intervals are relatively long. In this case there is no
variable current from an alternate source"; They are known as
harmonic distortion
controllers or voltage regulators, " Voltage control is achieved
Proportional control
by: (i) phase control by virtue of physical switching using
Likewise, the output power will only depend on the
silicon controlled rectifier pairs (SCR) or triac, or (ii) by the
relationship between the input voltage and the load, in this case
Compensation control according to - forced switching with
the converter allows controlling the power delivered from a
completely auto-commutated controlled switches such as
maximum value to zero. It produces harmonic distortion.
Thyristors Shutoff Door (OTG), power transistors, insulated
Applications of AC power control without frequency change.
gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), controlled by MOS Thyristors
1. The temperature of a resistor can be controlled by
(MCT), "[1] the current control switches, regardless of the
controlling the applied power.
magnitude and the output frequency can generate modulation.
2. It is possible to control the reactive power of a transmission
And so have more control for any application to develop
line of an electrical network modifying its state. Commonly
depending on what is required.
called FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems).
The different applications of these circuits are in controlled
3. In addition, the speed of the universal motors can be
lighting and heating, touch line transformer, speed control of
controlled by varying the waveform applied to the motor.
pumps and motors commonly found in "high power low speed
4. Or the speed of the induction motors is also controlled by
large AC motor drives for application in cement kilns , rolling
varying the waveform applied to the motor.
mills, and the propellers of the ship "[2], is also found in start
5. You can control the starting current of a motor known as soft
and speed control of induction motors, reagent control, solid
starters.
state relays.
6. In lighting the dimming of lights can be carried out.
It is important that in these circuits the harmonic distortion
factor (TDH) appears
CONCLUSIONS
There are two types of ac-ac converters
• No change in frequency
ac-ac converters have several applications in frequency
The input frequency is equal to the output frequency of the
control, change the number of faces as well as power flow
system; Its function is to control the active or reactive power
control, and in some cases the appearance of harmonics in the
flow of the AC line.
network can be mitigated.
• With frequency change
In this case, a different frequency of output is generated, in
The main semiconductors used to control these circuits without
addition the phase number can be modified.
the SCR and IGBT thyristors. it is selected according to the
• Converters cycle
frequency of work and the level of voltage to be controlled
The output frequency is less than the input frequency. It uses
controlled switches like thyristors.
• Converters cycle
The output frequency is higher than the input frequency of the
system, requires completely controlled switches on and off
such as: GTOs and IGBTs
In the last two previous cases the voltage and the output
frequency depends on the switching of the semiconductors
The general topology

Illustration 5 single-phase half-wave AC voltage controller with one

SCR and one antiparallel diode

Illustration 1 single-phase full-wave AC voltage controller, two [1] C. Ac-ac, “Convertidores ac-ac 6.1.,” pp. 70–88.
inverse parallel SCR [2] P. A. B. M, “Controladores de Potencia Controladores
AC AC,” 2011.
[3] “No Title.”

Illustration 2 single-phase full-wave alternating current voltage

controller with Triac

Illustration 3 single-phase full-wave AC voltage controller with two

SCRs and two diodes

Illustration 4 single-phase full-wave AC voltage controller with four

diodes and one SCR,