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Running Title: Political Rights of Women’s in District Khyber
Contents
Chapter 01................................................................................................................................4
Introduction..............................................................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Background of Study.................................................................................................................6
1.3 Political Rights of Women.........................................................................................................7
1.4 Political Rights of Women in Islam...........................................................................................8
1.5 Political Rights of Women in Pakistan......................................................................................8
1.6 Political Rights of Women in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa.................................................................9
1.6.1 Political Rights of Women in District Khyber....................................................................9
1.7 Political Parties role to politically empower women...............................................................11
1.8 Politics in Pakistan...................................................................................................................11
1.9 Political Parties in Pakistan.....................................................................................................12
1.9.1 Pakistan Tehreek–e-Insaf..................................................................................................12
1.9.2 Pakistan People Party.......................................................................................................13
1.9.3 Pakistan Muslims League (N)..........................................................................................13
1.10 Politics in Pak-Reference to women......................................................................................14
1.11 Renowned women in Pakistan’s Politics...............................................................................14
1.11.1 Benazir Bhutto (PPP)......................................................................................................15
1.11.2 Badam Zari.....................................................................................................................15
1.11.3 Maryam Nawaz (PML-N)...............................................................................................15
1.11.4 Dr.Shireen Mazari (PTI).................................................................................................15
1.11.5 Shazia Marri (PPP).........................................................................................................16
1.11.6 Bushra Gohar (ANP)......................................................................................................16
1.11.7 Hina Rabbani Khar (PPP)...............................................................................................16
1.11.8 Dr.Fahmida Mirza...........................................................................................................17
1.12 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................17
1.13 Research Questions................................................................................................................18
1.14. Research Objectives..............................................................................................................18
1.15 Significance of Research.......................................................................................................18
Chapter 02..............................................................................................................................19
2. Literature Review......................................................................................................................19
POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN’S IN DISTRICT KHYBER 2
Chapter 3................................................................................................................................27
Methodology..........................................................................................................................27
3.1. Research Design.....................................................................................................................27
3.2. Research Population...............................................................................................................28
3.3. Sampling.................................................................................................................................28
3.4. Sources of Data.......................................................................................................................29
3.5. Data collection Techniques.....................................................................................................30
3.6. Limitation of Study.................................................................................................................30
3.7. Organization of Thesis............................................................................................................30
Chapter 4................................................................................................................................32
Discussion..............................................................................................................................32
4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................32
4.2 Subject Area Summary............................................................................................................32
4.3 Tehsil Jamrud...........................................................................................................................34
4.3.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Jamrud............................................................................................35
4.4 Tehsil Bara...............................................................................................................................35
4.4.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Bara................................................................................................36
4.5 Tehsil Landi kotal....................................................................................................................36
4.5.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Landi Kotal....................................................................................37
4.6 Tehsil Mula Gori......................................................................................................................38
4.6.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Mula Gori.......................................................................................38
4.7 Analysis of Data......................................................................................................................39
4.8 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................48
Chapter 5................................................................................................................................50
Future Work...........................................................................................................................50
5.1 Future Work.............................................................................................................................50
Table of Figures
Figure 1 The Graph shows the percentage of the most marked option.........................................41
Figure 2 The Graph shows the percentage of the most marked option........................................42
Chapter 01
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Khyber is the new district Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, after the merger of FATA with the
province Khyber Pukhtunkhwa .Women have been invisible and voiceless for centuries because
women cannot be seen to be counted, their population is based on estimates in the absence of
official figures.
According to the 2017 national census, District Khyber’s female population is 0.5 million, with
around a 6 per cent literacy rate. The region has long been considered a difficult, if not
impossible, area to access. And because District Khyber and most of the area was under military
because of the line and order situation and controlled space, it is impossible to investigate
incidents of abuse and violence against women.[ CITATION Set17 \l 2057 ]
It is notable that the political participation of women in Pakistan from the perspective of
the country’s history. Along with focusing on the historical development and current situation,
there is need to highlight social hurdles that have presented challenges for women to participate
in the political system. Political participation rests not only on being able to get elected to the
legislative assembly. It also encompasses women’s roles as voters, as members of a political
party, and other aspects of participation in the political process, structure, and system. Analysis
along these dimensions can produce some fruitful recommendations for the fuller political
participation of women in the future.[ CITATION Ahm12 \l 2057 ]

Women’s rights and their status in Islam have become prominent issues in the media, as
we as academic, religious and political circles today. Images which characterize Muslim women
as oppressed victims with no rights are tenacious, despite the reality of women being elected as
leaders of the world’s most populous Muslim states such as Turkey, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
The political participation of women at the highest ranks coupled at the same time with what
seems as the deterioration of their status in some Muslim societies, including even those which
have elected a woman leader – illustrates the complexity and diversity of the situation of women
in the Muslim world [ CITATION Ahm12 \l 2057 ]
The new social, economic and political realities in Pakistan are creating new
vulnerabilities for women who are at the receiving end, suffering the most because of their
already disadvantaged social positioning and violation of basic rights in the society. The war on
terror and the ongoing militant activities have not only increased the number of these vulnerable
groups, it also created a new category of the vulnerable; the widows, orphaned children, and
families abandoned by the Taliban who left their homes[ CITATION Noo10 \l 2057 ]
Half of the Khyber population is women who are completely neglected by the
government in the ongoing democratic development in Khyber.
Like, other newly merged districts, the women of Khyber have also expressed their deep
reservations over zero representation of women in the reforms committee. Women from these
areas are now in colleges, universities and different professional fields. However, they are still
worried about their role in the today’s modern society.[ CITATION Raz17 \l 2057 ]
1.2 Background of Study
Male domination has historically been prevalent everywhere throughout the ages with the
exception of a small number of matriarchal societies. The fate of women in other parts of the
world was therefore not significantly different from Arabia, their plight overall much the same
whether under Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, or Christianity, and whether in countries such as
Greece, Rome, Persia, China or India. This remained true in general in early civilizations and
religions until even recently, as the following survey will highlight[ CITATION Ahm12 \l 2057 ]
States needed to promote women’s rights, so they could be “agents of change” for
sustained socio-economic development and security around the world, delegates told the Third
Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) today, as it continued its three-day discussion on
the advancement of women.
Without women’s empowerment and gender equality, societies will not be able to achieve the
Millennium Development Goals and their full development potential. women had shown greater
resolve in peace building processes, but their needs were overlooked in peace agreements, at
donor conferences and in post-conflict legal reform — a situation that needed to be rectified.
A number of delegates agreed that ending discrimination against women was central in fulfilling
women’s fundamental human rights. It was also, some said, a prerequisite for sustainable
development. To that end, Peru’s youth delegate called for greater female political participation,
saying that young women in particular must be seen as change agents.[ CITATION Six11 \l 2057
].
Due to the lack of female voter education in District Khyber, many votes are cast
wrongly, resulting in cancellation of their ballots. Women’s access to knowledge about the voting
procedure are further constrained by their limited exposure to election campaigns and media.
They are marginalized by their high level of illiteracy, family responsibilities, cultural barriers
and a wrong perception that politics is a masculine realm.
The restricted mobility of women is because of the notion of Izzat (honor). Izzat is intrinsically
linked to a woman’s behavior. Since a woman is considered to be the keeper of the family’s
honor, her mobility is strictly controlled. This is fine so long as such restrictions do not impede
her rights — public representation, electoral rights and participation in the country’s political
process.[ CITATION Soh13 \l 2057 ]
1.3 Political Rights of Women
The Political rights of women’s convention were formally approved 409th meeting, on 20
December 1952, and adopted in the system on 31 March 1953. The three articles that are the very
first articles are to assert the rights of women to vote (Article I), to be eligible for election (II),
and to hold public office (III), with each article ending with the specification: "all on equal terms
with men, without any discrimination." The remaining articles cover the mechanics of the
legislation itself, specifying how and when it will come into force.(Wikipedia., 2018)
1.4 Political Rights of Women in Islam
In Quran it is stated in a verse "And [as for] the believers, both men and women - they are
friends and protectors of one another: they [all] enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the
doing of what is wrong, and are constant in prayer, and render the purifying dues, and pay heed
unto God and His apostle. It is they upon whom God will bestow His grace: verily, God is
almighty, wise." (Quran 9:71).
In this verse it is clearly stated that both men and women are two pillars of a successful society.
In this verse it is clearly told that the true believers (men and women) are those who encourage
the people to do good and discourage them from the bad. In the light of above verse we cannot
ignore the role of women in building a good and prosperous society. A women is involved in
politics to fulfill some obligation of the society. There are many forms through which one can be
involved in politics from voting in general election to holding a position to judge or to hold a
specific position from where one can do something very important. Islamic history provides
precedents for each of these roles for women.(Muslim Women's League., September,1995)
Since Islam has clearly emphasized the equality of men and women therefore Pakistan being an
Islamic country must also make provisions to implement the spirit of this verse. Moreover, such
an environment must be created where women can exercise their rights without infringement of
the basic rules of “Parda” can be observed.
1.5 Political Rights of Women in Pakistan
The Political participation of women’s has been a challenge in countries like Pakistan which is a
developing country and same is the case of protection of women’s rights. Being a country, which
is on its way to a better developed economy yet women’s has been trying there best to get in the
government, and to develop a society where women has as important role as men. Fatima Jinnah
was the sister of the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah .She was the first woman who
actively participated in the struggle towards independent Pakistan.

The protection of women’s rights has been backed by Constitution of Pakistan under Legislation.
Article number 25 “under the chapter of fundamental rights of citizens highlights the principles
of women’s equality in the Pakistani constitution. It clearly guarantees equality before the law
and equal protection of the law stating that there shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex.”
Furthermore, Article number 34 and 32 fully supports the participation of women in all spheres
of national life.( Noran Elashi, 28 August, 2014 )
Besides the fact that the supreme law of Pakistan has clearly declared that there must be gender
equality and women shall be given due advantages to participate in all spheres of life, we as
nation still struggle to pave way for such developments.
Although many such bills have been presented in the parliament but were not passed either due to
controversies among different parties or due to certain shortcomings and defects. One such bill was
“Protection of Women Bill 2006”. This bill was passed by National Assembly and Senate in November
2006 and was also assented by Parvez Musharaf, the then president of Pakistan.
1.6 Political Rights of Women in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa
1.6.1 Political Rights of Women in District Khyber
1. Geography of district Khyber
Khyber is a district of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan with area over 2,576 km/sq. In 2018, after
merger of FATA with Khyber Pukhtunkhwa the word “AGENCY” has been removed from all
agencies names. Khyber had always been in the light due to its strategic position as it shares
border with Afghanistan. It borders with Peshawar the provincial Capital in east, in south with
Orakzai, south west with Kurram and Mohmand in the north.
2. Population of district Khyber Male/Female and literacy rates

POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN’S IN DISTRICT KHYBER
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The total population of Khyber is 986,973. District Khyber is divided into 4 tehsils which are
Bara, Jamrud, Landi Kotal and Mula Gori. Khyber is one of the most literate districts as compare
to the rest of the newly added districts of FATA with the literacy rate of 34.2%,2007. The Females
literacy is 10.1% is 2nd after Kurram's 14.4%.
The Tribes that resides here are Afridis. Mulagories, Shinwari, Shilmanis and Bangash.
The Language of communication is Pashto whose speakers are 99.6%.
3. Political Rights-Position
As we speak of political rights position in district Khyber we hardly see any renowned
personality amongst women which shows the limited and restricted nature of political
rights of women in the locality. However, in this research we are up for the task to find
out some more facts with respect to the subject.
4. Social order in district Khyber
As mentioned above that district Khyber is being lived by pashtoons belonging to various
tribes like Shinwari, Afridi, Mulagori etc the culture which the residents adhere to is also
specifically the one hold by and attributed to pashtoons. They have strict family norms
and values. They are very strict with respect to family honour and female parda. They
also has strong affinity for religious values. They have the old “hujra” culture where
elders of a near locality gathers and shares their life lessons and experiences with the
youngsters and is indeed a seat of learning for them. Moreover, they have the “Jirga”
system as their cultural pillar through which they resolve their disputes and a decision
given by the Jirga masharan is sort of binding upon the parties.

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1.7 Political Parties role to politically empower women
There is a multi-party system in Pakistan where there are a number of political parties with
different slogans and agenda. Some parties chants slogans for national issues like corruption,
joblessness, infrastructure development, religious system etc while others are up for regional and
local rights based on ethnicity. Despite such a large number there is no party exclusively and
specifically speaking for women empowerment. Although almost every party has women wings
but the number of females engaged and uplifted is near to very less as compared to men on
board.
To specifically find out how women empowerment is favored and to which extent by political
parties in district Khyber, which apparently is very disappointing, we are hereby conducting this
research.
1.8 Politics in Pakistan
In 1947, When Pakistan came into being and political system was introduced so right after there
politics has been the most activate activity in Pakistan.it has been decades the activity still goes
like it was started. There were only few or it would be not wrong to say just two main parties but
with passage of time new political parties were keep on adding and the number were increasing
and today, there are more than 200 parties across Pakistan. Each political party has their own
slogans and motives. Some are area based parties which are working only for the rights and
development of their area or locality.

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1.9 Political Parties in Pakistan
Pakistan has majority rule system which means that the party who wins majority of the seats in
general elections gets the opportunity to make government but mostly Parties make coalition
governments because of not having the required target number. Except one case, where only one
party all alone made the government. As it is stated that there are more than 200 parties but we
will only discuss some major political parties of Pakistan due to its large number.
1.9.1 Pakistan Tehreek–e-Insaf
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf is founded by Former Pakistan Cricket Captain Imran Khan in
1996.The party aims to make a welfare state where every individual gets their basic rights,
education, health facility and employability. The party led by Imran khan participated in its very
first elections of 2002 and only won the seat of its founder. Imran Khan boycott the 2008 election
due to expected rigging. Later in 2013 the party received more than 7 million votes, making it
second in the number of votes and third in the number of seats won. In 2018, PTI won majority
of the seats across the country and came in position where it could easily make its Government
in Federal.
This party has gained followings and has attained sufficient number of supporters across the
country majority of which is young lot including females. This party has a female wing too. In a
very short span it has uplifted some young females into the current political system. The party
nominated women candidate in areas like Upper Dir which was indeed an encouraging step for
many women out there. .

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1.9.2 Pakistan People Party
Pakistan People’s Party was founded by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1967. The party started with big
roar of being the party of common man but went through some bad times 1970s because of
military martial law of Gen Zia Ul Haq. In 1988 after the death of Gen Zia Ul Haq party came
back into politics. The party developed the two party systems with party called PML(N). PPP
served as a principal opposition to the Musharraf led government from 1999 to 2008. Right from
the start, the party has very deep roots in Sindh Province of Pakistan. This party came into power
for 5 different times over the years.
This party also enjoys a great number of supporters across the country but it is objected for its
nepotism and being influenced by landlords and for this reason it still lags behind to uplift
women from grass-root level into the scenario of politics. The leadership runs in one family and
most of the top positions have been occupied by jagirdars and fuddles. The well known females
connected with the party are few names which we see repeatedly.
1.9.3 Pakistan Muslims League (N)
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad preceded by Pakistan Muslims League founded by Nawaz Sharif in
1993.The “N” stands for Nawaz. The party platform is generally conservative which involves
supporting free market capitalism opposing military power, supporting democratic ideals, and
being generally anti-censorship on an online and wilderness platform. The party came into power
at three different times. The party has strong roots in Punjab Province of Pakistan. Maryam
Nawaz Sharif, the daughter of its founder seems to be leading the female squad of the party but
there is no proper network or female wing. Maryam Nawaz being a female enjoys prominent
powers but for her family background rather than for her role in politics as a woman.
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1.10 Politics in Pak-Reference to women
Since independence Pakistan in 1947, women’s had been in Politics and have played very
important role. Fatima Jinnah the sister of Pakistan’s founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah was
the first woman in Pakistani politics .She were in every thick and thin with his brother
Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the struggle towards independent Pakistan. From there many
had followed her and joined politics and working for the betterment of the society. From
the day of independence till today there had been many successful women’s who had
done some remarkable work. Currently, there are enough number of women’s working in
each political party doing their job at different positions and locality. Having many
restriction of a society and cultural barriers they are strong enough to continue their
struggle and work for the betterment of the society and country.
1.11 Renowned women in Pakistan’s Politics
1.11.1 Benazir Bhutto (PPP)
Benazir Bhutto was a first Prime Minister of an Islamic country in the world. Benazir was the
head of state from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. She was the daughter of Zulfaqar
Ali Bhuto, a great leader, politician and statesman. She was a brave woman and one of the good
leaders of Pakistan.
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1.11.2 Badam Zari
Badam Zari was the first woman from tribal agencies to participate in General Elections in
2013.She was from Bajaur Agency and she holds the title of being the only female to do so in the
Political history of FATA. She Contested the election as an independent candidate. Although she
didn’t win her seat yet she can be termed as a brave woman because she, nevertheless was the
first woman to contest elections from FATA.
1.11.3 Maryam Nawaz (PML-N)
Maryam Nawaz Sharif is the daughter of Nawaz Sharif and Kalsom Nawaz. She has been in the
politics since long along with her father and plays an important role in government having served
on various position and has lead a number of projects. She is an important political figure in the
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-N). She is one of the member of the central body of PML(N) and
can be seen as the leader of the party on many occasions.
1.11.4 Dr.Shireen Mazari (PTI)
Shireen Mehrunnisa Mazari is a Pakistani Politician and current Federal minster for
Human rights. She has been in politics from a long time and served several times as a
member of national assembly. She has done PhD in Economics from Columbia
University, America. She is known for her statements given by her on media on regular
basis.
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1.11.5 Shazia Marri (PPP)
Shazia Marri is a Sindhi Baloch Pakistani legislator and individual from the National
Assembly of Pakistan. She additionally remained the common Minister for Information
and Electric Power of Sindh. Having a place from a compelling group of Sindhi
government officials, she was chosen to common get together of Sindh out of the blue
from 2002-2007. After the passing of Fauzia Wahab, she was delegated as MNA on her
seat.
1.11.6 Bushra Gohar (ANP)
Bushra Gohar is a Pakistani stateswoman, open scholarly and one of the main ladies
legislators. She is as of now filling in as the Senior Vice-President of the Awami National
Party, a Pakhtun ethnic group, and Chairman of the Standing Committee on Women's
Development and a senior part on Standing Committee on Foreign, Finance, and Kashmir
Affairs.
1.11.7 Hina Rabbani Khar (PPP)
Pakistan's most youthful and first lady Foreign Minister, Hina Rabbani Khar started her
political profession in 2002 in the administration of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz and in
this way served in the Finance Ministry and Foreign Ministry as Minister of State. After
effectively challenging the 2008 general race, she served again in the Finance Ministry.
She is renowned for wearing appealing fashioner outfits, which remain the focal point of
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1.11.8 Dr.Fahmida Mirza
Dr.Fahmida mirza who is a Medical Doctor by Profession started her political career in
1993 with PPP and served several times. She is currently serving as Federal Minister for
Inter Provincial Coordination.
1.12 Problem Statement
Being one of the most impoverished regions of Pakistan where the majority live in rural
areas, District Khyber, according to official records, has an almost 1 million population, out of
which 0.5 million is female population. The overall literacy rate of District Khyber is 34.2
percent, which is notably below the national average of 40 percent, while female literacy rate is
even lower, at less than three percent. It is because there are a very few schools for girls in
District Khyber, and mostly, girls go to primary schools for boys. Once they are promoted to
upper classes, they stop going to school because the culture does not allow females to sit along
males in the same classroom or attend classes taken by male teachers. In this way, girls are
deprived of education because of social taboos attached with it, and due to lack of opportunities
from government. On the other hand there are many schools and colleges on paper for Khyber
but its physical existence cannot be seen which is a very significant factor of education in
Khyber.
1.13 Research Questions
Q1: What are the fundamental rights of women in politics?

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Q2: What are the barriers that detained the way of women rights in District Khyber?
Q3: How the basic socio political rights of women in District Khyber can be achieved?
Q4: What steps are required to change the image of women’s in such areas?
Q5: What are the factors that could attract more girls towards education at Khyber?
Q6: What is the importance of female voters?
Q7: How female education can change the society?
1.14. Research Objectives
 To find out fundamental rights of women in politics.
 To explore the barriers that detained the way of women rights in district Khyber.
 To find out the basic Political rights of women in district Khyber.
 To find the reasons behind low female literacy rate.
 To find the barriers that’s prevents females from education.
1.15 Significance of Research
Women Participation in every field of life, whether political or social is indispensable.
Women have struggled in every historical period and in every part of the world for equal
treatment. It is even said in the holy book of Islam that education is for all and Female
education can make huge difference. In the early part of this century, the right of women to
receive an education, to obtain paid employment, to enter professions, to vote and to stand for
elections were all highly contested issues. However, by the end of the century these rights,
which could be described as a part of the liberal democratic political agenda, have been both
19
recognized and established through law and customary practice in most societies. However,
women in many parts of the world still face multiple obstacles in enjoying these rights.
Women’s ability to enjoy civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights is interlinked with
the issue of discrimination. It is needed to provide such environment to make it easy for
females to enjoy their rights anywhere in the world. The world is evident of some great female
leaders and administrators.

20
Chapter 02
Literature Review
2. Literature Review
When we talk about human rights, we observe that enough work has been done in general and in
particular on women rights but we still feel the need that there is dire need to work and
implement the laws and rules in connection with women rights so as to give benefits to women
of the tribal areas.
In earlier days women as of tradition had no role in politics and were out of the political arena
that existed in FATA. Later on in 1996 the then President of Pakistan Farooq Ahmad Khan
Laghari introduced electoral reforms in FATA and the inhabitants of the region were given the
universal right of suffrage. Out of this move the women in FATA also secured the right to vote. In
the 1997 general elections only 10 women exercised the right to vote which was a significant
number but it was actually exercised for repeated emphasis from male family members in order
to defeat the opponent parties. (Tierney, S. (2000)
In Pakistan the question on women rights is often raised. This view is highly believed that
there are no basic and constitutional rights of women in Pakistan patriarchal society. Before
going into the discussion that what is the position of rights in Pakistan we need to discuss the
structure of society in Pakistan. As Pakistan is a Muslim country and people not only take pride
in following Islam and to strictly observe the religious values and moreover are always ready to
21
sacrifice everything that is meaningful and dear to them. Islam speaks for highly respected and
social position of women and also protects it. The rights and privileges of women are highly
acknowledged in Islamic society. Similarly, there are no restrictions in Islam which may and can
limit social growth and development of women. There is always given equal importance to
women in society.
It is also important to mention that there have been repeated complaints from women in
Pakistan that they are kept aside or isolated from mainstream society. Women have been
disappointed for being ill-treated in male dominant and patriarchal set up. Their claim is that if
they are given fair chances they can add a lot more positivity to the developments in social
spheres. However, there is always a sort of hostile attitude towards the women in Pakistani
society. There are so many factors which in the society which restricts their developments. The
women of Tribal and rural areas in particular always have to face and tolerate awful supremacy
by so many other sections of the society.[ CITATION Qai18 \l 2057 ]
The election commission of Pakistan(ECP) is made an independent body and more power
is added to it by the electoral laws 2017 and this law indeed is a great endeavor and venture.
More weightage for women in the legislature is stressed by the new laws. This authority and
power is invested in the election commission of Pakistan to declare the results invalid if the
turnout of women in a particular constituency is less than 10%. It is also in the ambit of the new
laws that all the political parties shall assign 5% of the general seats to women in the general
elections. This development is historical and remarkable in a male dominated society like
Pakistan which indeed is an encouraging step towards women empowerment. This was so
unexpected that the right wing of pro religious parties like Jamat-e-Islami also welcomed this
22
women empowerment in electoral procedure. For the purposes to make the deprived half
population active in election process and teach them the ways of vote casting, Jamat-e-Islami has
initiated a gross campaign of women registration in whole KP including the newly merged
district Khyber and has registered upto one million women in Pashtun belt.[ CITATION 18Da \l
2057 ].
When you go and walk through the roads and streets of the tribal areas you can witness
the miserable picture of the women working in the fields, cutting woods and bringing water on
their heads. While on the way you come across a woman she will turn her face to another side as
quick as a reflex action and will let you pass by and once you are passed she will start her work
again. The same attitude is showcased by a rough and tough keen eyed tribal man when he turns
up and sees a woman accompanying you will sharply turn away his gaze even if the woman is a
western. This decent behaviour of men and women towards each other shows that the women
enjoy highest dignity, respect and eminent position in the society. But actually, the reality shows
a completely opposite picture of the tribeswomen. This attitude has contributed a lot the region’s
political, economic, educational, social and legal structures[ CITATION Nai \l 2057 ]
When we consider the gender perspective, the unpaid work at home will also be included,
similarly the work at family farm and elsewhere which in the present days is not valued in
developed societies. To redefine work we can say that work shapes up the productive labour of
women and to make them able to be busy in home based work which is profitable.
In the present days women are normally engaged in low paid and less skilled jobs which must be
corrected. A new opinion and idea will help to establish that women have flexible working hours
23
and that they are able to continue their efforts to labour force without being charged for being
absent after their marriage and child birth.
When we speak about women rights at work place we mean that they shall be protected
from sexual harassment at work place, trade union and labour organisation. Moreover, provisions
shall be made to let women avail nursing breaks when they are breast feeding mothers and
creches, day care centres, separate toilets its free access shall also be established. Apart from this
dayrooms for rest shall established and problems related to their menstruation period shall be
looked at as the basic need for breaks. They shall also be allowed to actively participate in unions
and other such activities. While being in such unions the meetings shall be held at times which
are most convenient to them.[ CITATION Eco \l 2057 ].
It is also important to note that the separation of human rights and women rights was
difficult in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and later on in 1966 it was made
possible the two different conventions were developed on political and civil rights on one side
and on the other side for economic, social and cultural rights. In the years to follow in 1976 these
conventions were enforced and two different categories of rights evolved and developed.
In the later decades, for so many ideological reasons a lot more work was done to
develop the context of civil and political rights, and for this reason optional protocols were added
so that people could be able to claim their rights when their civil and political rights are violated.
The five sets of rights listed by the United Nations staff during the 1993 World conference
in alphabetical order and these rights were named as civil, cultural, economic, political and social
and they did not divide the rights into two categories. This conference was held at Viena.
According to them, this move was symbolic for it it showed the indivisibility of human rights.
24
But ended shortly after Vienna, because the old order was re-established, and the international
community again started to refer the two classes of rights, or, even worse, used the term human
rights when they would mention only civil and political rights[ CITATION Hij99 \l 2057 ].
In almost every country less than fifty percent of the academic and administrative posts in higher
education institutions are held by women. They have a relatively higher representation at the
lower academic and administrative position and this graph is successively decreased as we go at
the higher levels. A general upward trend is witnessed in the participation of females at the
university level around the world, since 1956, but even then they remain segregated into female
areas and they still have very less representation in the faculty members.(4).
All defenses of universal norms include making differences among the many things which are
actually desired by people. If the contents are checked, it will reveal that there are certain objects
of desire which are more important than the others for political purposes and that they are more
important to ensure quality life of people. The policy of society since long was that not grant
many functions to women neither at all nor on the basis of equality. Same was the case with the
education of women in the initial stages even in the developed countries. This gender
discrimination and inequality in education and political rights prevailed for more than three
decades of the twentieth century with a policy which would favour men more than women (5).
Although one cannot argue that education alone can empower women to the extent to exclude
them from labour market, and remains to play a major role in the reproduction of gender
relationships and patriarchal structures, but one can argue that women are empowered in their
reproductive and domestic life by education. Researches have revealed that education has
25
enhanced further female education, lowered child mortality rates, increase in rights awareness
and effective use of contraception(Jansen, 2006). It is noted in Pakistan that educated mothers
have positive impacts on the lives of their children (6).
It is very unfortunate that for women their right to education is at risk due to the historical
failures to be recognized and thus they inherited difficulties in the other fields (7).
A long history is attached to The United Nations for its struggle to address women human rights
and in particular their right to education and overall empowerment for which the world has
witnessed a lot of progress in the recent decades. However, there are still important gaps
remaining and women’s realities are constantly changed (UN, 2014). Its initial goal in 1945 was
to the faith in fundamental human rights particularly in the dignity and worth of the human
person and in the equal rights of men and women shall be reaffirmed. (Morsink, 1991) The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)-1948 and so many other conventions embodies
provisions to ensure the equal entitlements of women and men to the human rights followed by
conventions where civil, political, social and cultural rights of women are protected. Relativists
discourses have often contested the universality and validity of human rights in the local context
for they see it as a foreign idea which according to them is incompatible in the domain of local
culture (8).
There is an old pashtoon practice called bride price and it is recognised in Turizon too. The
document of codified rewaj, customs of Turi pakhtoons residing in Kurram is called Turizona
which refers to a male guardian of woman as her waris/malik, owner. So that the delay in
26
marriages by men can be combated, it contains a price list (narkhnama) to fix the prices of
women from various tribes (1).
Another custom prevalent in the Pakhtun tribal areas of Pakistan is Tor. Tor can be described as
a custom due to which innumerable tribeswomen have lost their lives for honour killing which
indeed is a worst example of a custom depriving women from their right to live. The literal
meaning of the term is “black” in Pashto and is applied to a woman who is adulterous or is
engaged in adultery. It is normally practiced in tribal areas where women are killed even for
their slightest involvement with men not necessarily sexual. The punishment of death is not
specified merely for actual adultery but even on most occasions, girls have been killed for the
implicitly expressed likeness developed by them for men. In this matter a woman does not have
any legal standing to resort to and there is no legal sanction for her punishment. “Under FCR, no
case of adultery could be seen which could be registered against a woman for her involvement in
adultery. It is regarded as against their honour by the tribesmen to settle such cases in a manner
other than in the family and outside the four walls of the house (1).
Jirga is the main pillar of tribal judicial structure. For the monopoly of tribal Maliks (tribal
chieftains) and Mullahs (clerics), the tribeswomen of FATA cannot even defend themselves as
they alone cannot argue for their rights because Jirga proceedings are promptly prejudicial to
their rights and interests. Moreover, even when the matter is relevant to women, they cannot be
physically a part (1).
The law under which the commission was set up in July 2000 was ‘The National Commission
on the Status of Women Ordinance 2000” is yet to be extended to FATA (Shah, 2012).
Moreover, there have been many legal reforms and laws made in Pakistan regarding women
27
rights and status since the start of this century but they yet have to be enforced in the state. For
example, the Prevention of anti- Women Practices (Criminal Law Amendment) Act, 2011,
which has provisions that anyone who deprives women of their share in hereditary property,
imposes forced marriage on her, and arranges marriage of a woman with Quran shall be
punished and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act (Acid Control and Acid Crime Act) 2011,
aims that whoever causes injury to someone by throwing acid or similar agent particularly on
women shall be punished, yet have to be extended to FATA (2).
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1. Research Design

28
In this research qualitative method will be applied based on Primary and Secondary data.
The best way to collect primary data is through periodic personal interviews of concern persons.
However, there are following clear options:
Sources of data
i. Personnel Interviewing
ii. Questionnaire from female Inhabitants and Employees of District Khyber
iii. Books
iv. Interviews
v. Questionnaire of the members of institution for Human/women rights.
vi. Research Papers
vii. Articles
viii. Press
Research method would be highly depends on the process of gaining access, but the general
research steps have been decided Some Community members from District Khyber, from
different fields are expected to be interviewed. Through reduplicate checking of the same general
questions, the complete opinion will be examined.

29
3.2. Research Population
The female inhabitants, stakeholders and employees of District Khyber will be considered as the
population for research work.
3.3. Sampling
Target populations include all the participants that are of theoretical interest to the study, and
which will be generalized. The selected sample involves a class of 25 to 30 mix Persons.
Participant criterion was that the individual may be:
i. Females from Khyber
ii. The Concern personnel
iii. The Employees of Khyber
iv) Female Students
v) Female Political workers
3.4. Sources of Data
I. Primary data
II. Personnel Interviewing
Some Personal Interviews were taken from many people of the District Khyber and they
were asked about the political scenario and women’s in politics in the area.
III. Questionnaire from female Inhabitants and Employees of District Khyber

30
Female inhabitants and employees of the district Khyber were asked about the situation
and on-going activities of the area.
IV. Books
Many books were selected and read to extract some useful data.
V. Interviews
Interview were taken at different places with different people of different age group.
VI. Questionnaire of the members of institution for Human/women rights.
Questionnaires were filled by the member of the institute of human rights at District
Khyber.
VII. Research Papers
Research papers were studied which are present online.
VIII. Articles
Different articles were read to extract some meaningful knowledge about the current
situation of women’s political rights in Khyber.
IX. Press
Researcher met with some local press members who shared their experience about the
rights of women in district Khyber.
3.5. Data collection Techniques
The data will be collected through Survey conducting the Interview with stack holders and
through media, Articles and News.

31
3.6. Limitation of Study
Data collection of research will be restricted to some areas of newly merged district i.e.
Khyber. Study will be limited due to security concerns in district Khyber and due to limited
access to whole area of Khyber . Members of administration will be interviewed if possible on
their disposals due to lake of time and their interest.
3.7. Organization of Thesis
The thesis shall be presented in a number of chapters, starting with introduction and
ending with discussion and Conclusions. Each of the other chapters will have precise title
reflecting the contents of the chapter. A chapter can be subdivided into sections, subsections
and sub subsections as to present the content discretely and with due emphasis. Each chapter
shall begin on a fresh page. Following chapters will cover the Research.
Chapter 4
Discussion
4.1 Introduction
32
As mentioned in the name of the chapter discussion which means that here, different things about
the research topic will be discussed and will be analyzed regarding the findings, assumptions and
the results which were expected and received through our ground work. The purpose of the
research was to find the hardships and problems of the women’s in politics at Khyber. It was
started by visiting the area of the subject.
4.2 Subject Area Summary
The name “Khyber” which means fort is an old place and can be easily found in the history.
Khyber Agency is a place near Peshawar, the provincial capital of province Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. After the merger of FATA with Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, now it is called as
District Khyber. FATA was area of Pakistan which was consist of seven agencies and Khyber was
one of them. The district is consist of four tehsils Bara, Jamrud, Landi Kotal and Mula Gori.
Afridis are majority tribe that resides here.As, it can be found in the history that, it has been a
very important place through ages for different items. It had been a route for many things to
central asia from Pakistan. District Khyber is a gate way to Afghanistan and had been used and
still being used as a route to central asia. The district has very decent population. The people of
the area do different works for living within or out district. Most of them works out of the district
to provide some good life style and facilities to their families. Most of the people are busy in
their businesses around the country. Many renowned personalities can be found that hails from
district Khyber in different fields around the world.

33
The topic was selected because there were very less work done on the following subject. We
have seen many researches and articles regarding female education , human rights and Politics
but in the world where everyone is busy talking about the rights and their struggle towards that
none of them understood its real value. As, we have seen and believe that human rights and
education are very important in the development of the society and country so in the same way
political rights also holds the due importance. People believe in different things and taken
political rights for granted in many areas and even in countries as like it is meant for rich and
powerful people but it is actually a right of every individual to use it in different ways to make
something better for the required place.
Different places were visited and different data gathering techniques were used to gather some
data for a better results. It was tried to visited each and every place and ask but due to the
inaccessibility and area cultural restrictions made it difficult for the researcher to reach each and
every place that were targeted. However, it was tried to get the required data by accessing the
people that hails that place. It was started by visiting the very near tehsil of district Khyber and
started our activity of gathering data by different data gathering techniques right from asking
questions, interviews and their personal stories.
4.3 Tehsil Jamrud
We have visited tehsil Jamrud and started our activity for the target data by interviewing and
goes from person to person getting the required answers from them by filling questionnairs.
34
The very first person was student of class 12 th. He told us that he did not understand what is
written so first we asked him some question regarding the situation of the area then we
continued and ask him about the education and then about the Political scenario of the area. He
told us that people have been very active in the last general election in the area which shows that
people holds very decent amount of place for the politics in the are then went on to ask some
more question regarding our main question which were about women’s in politics in district
Khyber to which he found very strange told us that women’s here in the subjected district are
allowed to vote or come out in support of any candidate and people consider it as shame, if their
women’s come out and vote in any election. After all the interview questions we given him the
questionnaire and asked him to fill it.
We went on to repeat the same ,This time it was shop keep who was selling mobiles at main
bazar of jamrud and asked him the questions that we asked the above person about the area and
he answered with some new stuff like he said that its bazar we used to hear many things that
women in politics is way big thing here to be seen and at last asked him to please fill the
questionnaire but he was not enough educated to fill so we helped him fill it by asking his
choices against different questions.
Another person who was an employee of a government school named Anwar Afridi, who we
asked questions about Women’s in politics here at Khyber to which he answered that it’s a very
big thing to be seen here and will take sufficient amount of time to be achieved and he went on
and said that he has served for 18 year here and have seen many elections and witnessed very
35
less number of female voters which depicts that if the number of voters are such small so how
come a female political worker can come out and ask for here rights.
4.3.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Jamrud
The practice were repeated several times in Jamrud bazar and surroundings. It was noted that
people here at jamrud holds the same point of view that one can easily found in the provincial
capital Peshawar as its very near or it would not be wrong to say it’s because of the minimum
distance between the two districts.
4.4 Tehsil Bara
We have visited tehsil Bara and started our activity for the target data by interviewing and goes
from person to person getting the required answers from them by filling questionnaires.
The tehsil Bara is another tehsil of district Khyber which is on the other side on Provincial
capital Peshawar. It is one of the beautiful tehsil of district Khyber. We started our work right
after entering into Peshawar-Bara border and asked people about their views about Political
rights of women’s and we were left surprised that people here are very much in favor of
women’s in politics and to work to change the image of the area . We also came to know that
tehsil Bara has larger registered voters than any other tehsil of district Bara which clearly shows
that women’s has likeness towards politics and wants their due Political rights but due to
insufficient facilities and awareness and local restriction cannot do anything. “Dawn“ an
international newspaper of Pakistan reported that for the first time in the history of district
36
Khyber female voters are more in figure then male in general election 2018which clearly shows
their willing to take part and enjoy their Political rights.
Many individuals were interviewed as well as cross examined according our questionnaire.
There were group of women’s , some were young and some where students so we asked them
and discussed with them about the political rights of women’s in Khyber. They were looking
very much interested in the conversation about the this topic and they even told us their
problems and showed their concern over the issue that needs to be resolved with utmost support
of the elders and government. They said that they need some strong members who can present
them to make it possible for us to enjoy our Political rights in our specified areas.
4.4.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Bara
It can be seen in the above paragraph that they are clear about their rights and even want that
but due to domestic and cultural hurdles and restrictions they are unable to reach there. A strong
campaign or Awareness program would accelerate the movement and very good and enthusiastic
female can come out to fight.
4.5 Tehsil Landi kotal
Landi kotal is another tehsil and head quarter of district Khyber, which is very significant both
as business point of view and strategic. It is important because it just 5KM away from
Nangharhar province of Afghanistan and most of the trade goes through this area. The people
37
who lives here in this town are mostly Afridis. The famous Pashto Poet Mir Hamza Khan (Baba)
was also from here. It is all a dry area but adequate amount of people lives here.
We started our interviews from a government school because we were told that we can find
enough females there to interact with.We went into the school and met many females in which
most of them were middle age teachers and some were students so we stared our session with
them by asking our question on Political rights of womens and they showed their interest and
help us by sharing their thoughts. Most of the teachers told us that they have voted in the recent
general elections and that was a very good experience and was very fascinating for some who
were voting for the first time in their lives. We went on and asked about women ‘s political rights
and they were clueless about it so they asked and we had very production discussion over the
topic and they were very much interested and but they also stated the same old issue that it is
very unsafe place for females to come out and raise voice for their rights and secondly, Male
dominated place . they said that it will take time to accept females in Politics in this area. But
they hope that the merger in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa can bring many positive changes in the
area which can give chances to females to come out and voice for their political rights as well as
other mandatory things.
4.5.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Landi Kotal
It was a very productive session teachers and students and many things were noted and many
things were exchanged and we got to know that most of them were not aware of Women’s
political rights. They were motivated to start working on it and keep spreading the knowledge of
it to other females of the area to get to know about their rights and enjoy them.
38
4.6 Tehsil Mula Gori
Mula gori is an remote tehsil and located very near to another new district Khyber Pukhtunkhwa
Mohmand. It is located in tatara hills and It has very small number of population around
40000+ by recent census in 2017. This People that live here are called themselves mulagories ,
it is one of the tribe of Pukhtuns.
Due to some problems and restriction we could make it to Tehsil mulagori but instead we find
some students who are from Mulagori. Students were of different fields and different levels.
Most of them were undergraduate students and they were more aware and had knowledge about
the subject. We started our interviewing and fill the questionnaire by them. They shared their
thoughts and they were very in support of the women’s political rights. They said that womens
should use their voice and participate in the Politics and try to further empower the rest who are
unable to do so. Other female students said that they are planning to do something but they afraid
of the society that they would judge them. These educated lot has vision and dream in their eyes.
They said that they will try and contact someone who can support and lead us to certain stage
where we can make our progress and make some remarkable things. But they also quoted the
same old problems of society, male dominated area and cultural restrictions.
4.6.1 Conclusion on Tehsil Mula Gori
Most of the students were aware and very much interested. The female students were willing to
do something that can enable them to enjoy their Political rights in their respective areas. All
they were demanding is support and awareness about women’s political rights. Few of them
39
showed that they want to be in Politics but that need a huge support both from parents and
society and males to accept them as one of the Political gender.
4.7 Analysis of Data
In the Analysis of all gathered data is analyzed and all the findings and result will be discussed
that what is found through all the process and what techniques were used to achieve such results.
The researcher has tried his best to reach each and every place that comes in the area of research
and get the required data. Techniques that are used were basically interviewing and filling
questionnaires. As it is shown in the above discussion that people holds different point of view
against different questions. To see that how much they differ in their point of view, we will take
help of graph to see the states against each question individually and combine.The information
which was gathered through interviews are stated above in very simple and descriptive way and
the data that are collected is presented in a graph below.
The basic purpose of the interviews was to ask the required questions through an easy way so
that they also did not get bored and we also our required information. Many questions came in
between these sessions and much more questions were answered .Most of the question were
answered the same. The one common thing was local and cultural restrictions and male
dominance in the area which were found to be big problem. Another problem was very less
knowledge of awareness about the rights and then Women’s Political rights. Women’s Political
rights seems to be none because no one was aware of any such workers or Politician that works
there and have had any impact.

40
There were total 10 questions in the questionnaire and were distribute among different people
that includes both male and female.
The first question was “Do you think that Political rights of women in district Khyber are
available?” to which many responded with their point of view. The question was answered in all
four tehsils and by both genders. There were total four options and which were percentages. Each
option is different so that the one who is filling the questionnaire find it easy and accordingly.
Option A which was 40 and option B was 80 and C was 5 and D was 2.So 63% people think that
10-30% Women rights are available in district khyber.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Figure 1 The Graph shows the percentage of the most marked option.
41
The second question was “Do you think Political parties are playing their role to politically
empower women in district Khyber?” to which there were four options and the most common
and marked one was “NO” which clearly states that no political party is supporting any womens
Political rights in district Khyber. 70.86% people thinks that no Political rights women’s are
served and no one is supporting it or talking about at any floor. This is very alarming and NGOs
and government should take notice of it and start doing something for it as soon as possible.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Third Question was “Do you think that the following are the reasons that women of district
Khyber lack behind to avail their political rights?” to there were also four option in which the
most marked one was “ALL” which includes Less Education, Less Awareness, strong Affinity
for Religion, cultural order and Political Order. So these are the very common reasons that are
preventing women political rights at District Khyber. To support and exercise the womens
42
political rights we need to address these issues so that people can do something for their
children’s in future. 55% People thinks that the above stated reason are the one behind the less
availability of women’s political rights.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D E F
Forth question was “Do you think that the newly merger in KP can change the Scenario?” to
there were also four option in which the most marked one was “YES” which states that people
has hopes from new system and merger of district Khyber into Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. With
merger many hopes take birth. People are expecting the new system to support women’s
education and their Political rights. 67% people think that merger will bring something for them.
43
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Fifth question was “ Do you think that women’s in politics can bring positive change in the
district Khyber?” so there were also four option in which the most marked one was “YES” which
is because there had been many women’s in past who ran the governments and did many things
in politics as well as and as a social personality. There are many women’s in politics around the
world which are the real examples for rest of the world. In Khyber Pukhtunkhwa there are many
political leaders who are making their the way to big platforms and making huge difference in
there respective areas. 68% people think that “YES” womens can bring positive change.
44
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Sixth question was “Do you think Political parties are supporting the female education in the
district Khyber?” to which there were also four option in which the most marked one was “NO”
which shows the People knows it very well that no political party is supporting and doing
anything for education as there are very less schools and colleges and with that female education
is next to none. The students at primary are found to be enough but as the level goes up the
number goes down and very few makes it to colleges and Universities. The educations of
females are next to none at middle and higher secondary level because very less schools and
colleges are there and very less students reach there. 70% people think that no political party is
supporting female education in district Khyber.

45
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Seventh question was “Do you think that education can bring more opportunities for women’s in
district Khyber?” to which there were also four option in which the most marked one was “YES”
which means that people believes that education is the key to success and more education can
mold ways for all and women’s can go forward in district Khyber in future. With more and more
education the standard of life will also get better and more people will try their best to provide
better education to their children’s and make them better human being and a good citizen, who
can support the society and do something productive back to the society. 74% people think that
education can bring more and more opportunities for females in district Khyber.
46
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Eighth question was “Do you think that parents should support their daughters for education?”
to which there were also four option in which the most marked one was “YES” as it is said
earlier that education is the key to success so it is quite clear that only education can protect you
and save you from bad times. If daughters are tough and given their due rights and education so
that they will shape the society very nicely because women’s are also the very important pillars
of any society and home. Educated daughters will someday become mothers themselves so they
will guide their children’s for a better future of the nation as well and they will surely do
something. 81% People think that parents should support their daughters fro education and make
a better future for them as well as for the nation.

47
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Ninth question was “Do you think the current situation is completely best for women’s to enter in
politics in district Khyber?” to which there were also four option in which the most marked one
was “NO” because the situation does not allow the females to practice and do anything due to the
law in order situation and secondly due to instable political situation in district Khyber. The
merger is also taking place which is disturbing the administration so they are also engaged there
so I don’t think that it is the best time for any female to enter politics. 65% people think that
same that it is not the perfect and suitable time for females to enter into politics from any point of
view. They need to wait and make the necessary plans to get into politics and wait for a suitable
time and fight for their rights and actively participate in Politics. Women’s in politics will
empower women’s.
48
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C D
Tenth Question was about “Please mention some issues that you think should be addressed
regarding women’s Political rights?” for which people mention many different issues. The very
first was about parents that they should support their daughter about their rights. Another was to
arrange some seminar around the district to aware the people as well as women’s. Another reason
which was mentioned was about the media that they should support and give enough coverage to
the programs and events about women’s rights in the district. Another reason was that the
government should acknowledge the role of women’s. They support from all will develop an
atmosphere which would be very friendly and good for females to work. The government should
make every place safe and very friendly for women’s to easily do their work and put their point.
Easy polling policy and system should be established.

49
4.8 Conclusion
According to the survey it is quite clear that there are no Women’s political rights at district
Khyber. As we have discussed in above analysis and found that to get women’s political rights,
we need to provide proper awareness and education to all. Education for female does not do at all
but we need to aware the locals and local politicians and need to educate the local government to
support the females and invite them to each and every activity so that they get their due rights
and they get motivated. The parents should also support their daughters and go along with them
to openly reach and enjoy their rights. The Political rights of women’s are next to none in district
Khyber which is clearly an alarming situation for all the responsible organizations that includes
women rights organization and human rights organization. Being in the list of developing
countries we need to take necessary steps in order to be called a nation where every women can
easily get their political right.

50
Chapter 5
Future Work
5.1 Future Work
As we have studied about the district Khyber and found many things about the women’s political
rights so in future many new things can be found because with merger of FATA with Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa will bring many new organization. The administration and situation will be
changed. In future much more data can be gathered and analyzed.
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Running Title: Political Rights of Women’s in District Khyber

incidents of abuse and violence against women.[ CITATION Set17 \l 2057 ]

legislative assembly. It also encompasses women’s roles as voters, as members of a political

participation of women in the future.[ CITATION Ahm12 \l 2057 ]

in the Muslim world [ CITATION Ahm12 \l 2057 ]

government in the ongoing democratic development in Khyber.

1.2 Background of Study

the advancement of women.

and a wrong perception that politics is a masculine realm.

process.[ CITATION Soh13 \l 2057 ]

1.3 Political Rights of Women

1.4 Political Rights of Women in Islam

almighty, wise." (Quran 9:71).

the basic rules of “Parda” can be observed.

1.5 Political Rights of Women in Pakistan

actively participated in the struggle towards independent Pakistan.

of national life.( Noran Elashi, 28 August, 2014 )

nation still struggle to pave way for such developments.

1.6 Political Rights of Women in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa

1.6.1 Political Rights of Women in District Khyber

1. Geography of district Khyber

Orakzai, south west with Kurram and Mohmand in the north.

2. Population of district Khyber Male/Female and literacy rates

literacy is 10.1% is 2nd after Kurram's 14.4%.

The Language of communication is Pashto whose speakers are 99.6%.

out some more facts with respect to the subject.

4. Social order in district Khyber

given by the Jirga masharan is sort of binding upon the parties.

1.7 Political Parties role to politically empower women

1.8 Politics in Pakistan

development of their area or locality.

1.9 Political Parties in Pakistan

1.9.1 Pakistan Tehreek–e-Insaf

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf is founded by Former Pakistan Cricket Captain Imran Khan in

many women out there. .

1.9.2 Pakistan People Party

for 5 different times over the years.

1.9.3 Pakistan Muslims League (N)

1.10 Politics in Pak-Reference to women

1.11 Renowned women in Pakistan’s Politics

1.11.1 Benazir Bhutto (PPP)

1.11.2 Badam Zari

first woman to contest elections from FATA.

1.11.3 Maryam Nawaz (PML-N)

can be seen as the leader of the party on many occasions.

1.11.4 Dr.Shireen Mazari (PTI)

1.11.5 Shazia Marri (PPP)

1.11.6 Bushra Gohar (ANP)

1.11.7 Hina Rabbani Khar (PPP)

1.11.8 Dr.Fahmida Mirza

Inter Provincial Coordination.

1.12 Problem Statement

1.13 Research Questions

Q1: What are the fundamental rights of women in politics?

Q6: What is the importance of female voters?

Q7: How female education can change the society?

1.14. Research Objectives

 To find out fundamental rights of women in politics.

 To find out the basic Political rights of women in district Khyber.

 To find the reasons behind low female literacy rate.

 To find the barriers that’s prevents females from education.

1.15 Significance of Research

Women Participation in every field of life, whether political or social is indispensable.