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Características principales:
Una red óptica de acceso significa una red que cubre la última parte de
la red pública y que llega hasta el usuario final. Un usuario final puede
ser de dos tipos (muy distintos):
• Corporativo (Business)
• Residencial
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Point-to-point (P2P):
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Ideas principales:
• Transmisión bidireccional sobre una misma FO que parte desde la Central
Office (CO)
• Se llega a N usuarios a través de splitters ópticos.
• Suele haber dos niveles de splitting: el primero en los gabinetes de calle
primarios (PSC) y el Segundo en los edificios o campus: gabinetes de calle
secundarios (SSC).
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+ Mayor número de
usuarios (TDM) vs mayor
ancho de banda (WDM)
TDM o
TDM/WDM = Compartición
de la red
Mayor complejidad =
Mayor costo
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P2P vs PON:
Para la mayoría de instalaciones en el mundo prima lo siguiente:
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P2P vs PON:
The “incumbentoperators” point of view: PON is a must
• They need to handle a very high number of users per central office
• The reduction of terminations, power consumption and footprint at the
central office is key
• Big operators declares often that the potentially higher available bandwidth
in P2P is not for real
• They often claim that if the access is based on PON, the bottleneck would
not be the access part of the network, but in other segment of the network
• For instance the metro network, the video server farms, etc
• It may also be relevant that “fiber level” unbundling is not possible
P2P vs PON:
• From the optical perspective, the P2P solutions are really simple
• Having a dedicated single-mode fiber from the Central Office to the
user over a few Km distance allows to use the simplest optical
transceivers
• Directly modulated lasers, on-off keying
• Unamplified, direct detection receivers
• From a transceiver point of view, it is today easy to give dedicated
bidirectional connections at 1 Gbps (for instance Gigabit Ethernet) at
very low cost
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(http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Presentations/20150211PressConfWarsaw.pdf)
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T1
Optical Network
λλ
λλ Unit (ONU)
λλ
λλ λ T2
Optical
Remote λ λ λ λ λ λ λ λ Optical Network
Lineλ ... λ Unit (ONU)
λ ...
λλ ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
Nodeλλλ
Terminal (RN) λλ :
(OLT) λ λλ
λ λ T3 :
λλ
Optical Network
Unit (ONU)
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T1
Optical Network
λ λλ
λ Unit (ONU)
λ λ
λλ
λ
Optical T2
Optical Network
Lineλ ... Remote λ λ λ λ λ λ λ λ λ
λ ...
λλ ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλ ...
λλ...
λλ...
λλλ
Node
Unit (ONU)
Terminal (RN) λλ :
(OLT) λ λλ
λ λ T3 :
λλ
Optical Network
Unit (ONU)
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Los actuales estándares PON usan Time Division Multiplexing Access (TDMA)
Se trata de una division y asignación del tiempo upstream y de un alineamiento
apropiado del tiempo.
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ITU-T XGPON:
Principales características:
• 10 Gbit/s downstream
• 2.5 Gbit/s upstream
• Hasta 40 km de alcance
• Hasta 35 dB de presupuesto de potencia en la ODN
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A partir del 2010, FSAN comenzó a trabajar en un estándar mas allá de XG-
PON, en el 2015 se definió la última versión del protocolo con las siguientes
características:
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Señales TWDM-PON:
• Espaciamiento WDM: 100 GHz
• Número de longitudes de onda: 4, potencialmente hasta 8
Las bandas de longitudes de onda son compatibles con EDFA, los cuales
podría ser necesario utilizar al menos en la OLT para alcanzar
presupuestos de potencia más altos.
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Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA):
ONU 1
downstream data
OLT Rx-PD
RN l1
Tx1 RSOA
l1 l1
Rx1
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln Upstream data
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
l2 ONU 2
Rx2 l2
SSMF
l3
… ...
ONU 3
l3
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln
Tx n
… ...
ln
Rx n ln
ln
ONU n
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Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA):
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
l2 ONU 2
Rx2 l2
SSMF
l3
… ...
ONU 3
l3
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln
Tx n
… ...
ln
Rx n ln
ln
ONU n
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0.05
Signal Magnitude (W)
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0 2 4 6 8 10
x10-9
ONU 1
Time (s) downstream data
OLT Rx-PD
RN l1
Tx1 RSOA
l1 l1
Rx1
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln Upstream data
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
l2 ONU 2
Rx2 l2
SSMF
l3
… ...
ONU 3
l3
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln
Tx n
… ...
ln
Rx n ln
ln
ONU n
0.05
Signal Magnitude (W)
0.004
0.04
Uplink /downlink
Signal (V)
0.03
0.01
0.002
0 2 4 6 8 10
x10-9
ONU 1
0.001 Time (s) downstream data
OLT 3 Rx-PD
Low spectral bandwidth
0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8
-10
l1
x10
RN
(typically around 2 GHz):
Time (s)
Tx1 RSOA
l1 l1
Bit rateRx1up to 2.5 Gb/s.
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln Upstream data
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
l2 ONU 2
Rx2 l2
Requires a low extinction SSMF
ratio l3
… ...
ONU 3
“ER” in the downlinkl1,signal
l2, l3, ... ,(de
ln
l3
Works in gain saturation
Tx n
… ...
difference
Rx n
inln the energy level of regime
ln (amplified bits but
ln
ones and zeros must be small) very noisy) ONU n
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ONU 1
OLT downstream
data Rx-PD
M/D
RN l1
Tx1
l1
VCSEL
'
Rx1 l1
l1 '
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln Upstream data
l2
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
ONU 2
Rx2 l2'
l2' SSMF
l3
… ...
ONU 3
ln l1 , l2 , l3 , ... , ln
' ' ' ' l3 '
Tx n
… ...
Rx n ln
ln' ln '
ONU n
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ONU 1
OLT downstream
data Rx-PD
M/D
RN l1
Tx1
l1
VCSEL
'
Rx1 l1
l1 '
l1, l2, l3, ... , ln Upstream data
l2
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
ONU 2
Rx2 l2'
l2' SSMF
l3
… ...
ONU 3
ln l1 , l2 , l3 , ... , ln
' ' ' ' l3 '
Tx n
… ...
Rx n ln
ln' ln '
ONU n
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M/D
RN l1
Tx1
need of a costly external
VCSEL
'
Rx1 l1
l1 l1, l2, l3, ... , ln
modulator)
' Upstream data
l2
MUX/DEMUX
MUX/DEMUX
Tx2 l2
Higher
Rx2
spectral bandwidth l2'
ONU 2
ONU 3
beyond
Tx n
l10
n
Gb/s) l1 , l2 , l3 , ... , ln
' ' ' ' l3 '
… ...
ln
Rx n
ln' More expensive
ln '
ONU n
than a RSOA
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Transmission performance:
4
-log(BER)
5
6
7
8 10 Gb/s VCSEL 20 km
9 10 Gb/s VCSEL B to B
10 2.5 Gb/s RSOA 20 km
11 2.5 Gb/s RSOA B to B
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Received power (dBm)
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Transmission performance:
4
-log(BER)
5
6
7
8 10 Gb/s VCSEL 20 km
9 10 Gb/s VCSEL B to B
10 2.5 Gb/s RSOA 20 km
11 2.5 Gb/s RSOA B to B
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Transmission performance:
4
-log(BER)
5
6
7
8 10 Gb/s VCSEL 20 km
9 10 Gb/s VCSEL B to B
10 2.5 Gb/s RSOA 20 km
11 2.5 Gb/s RSOA B to B
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Transmission performance:
Only 2 dB of penalty to pass from
3 a RSOA’s 2.5 Gb/s transmission to
a VCSEL’s 10 Gb/s transmission
4
-log(BER)
5
6
7
8 10 Gb/s VCSEL 20 km
9 10 Gb/s VCSEL B to B
10 2.5 Gb/s RSOA 20 km
11 2.5 Gb/s RSOA B to B
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Received power (dBm)
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Fin del tema 4.6