REACTION PAPER GROUP 8

PRATIWI BESTARI 1610532017

RATU SHAVIRA 1610532025

Global Agenda

Kyoto protocol is an agreement on global warming and a commitment to reducing

greenhouse gas emissions. Kyoto protocol began to be negotiated in December 1997 and
began signing by participants attached on March 16, 1998 to March 15, 1999 and entered into
force on February 16, 2005. The goal of the Kyoto protocol was basically to reduce collective
greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% compared to in 1990 but when compared with the number
of emissions in 2010 without protocol means the collective amount of 29%. In Kyoto the
protocol makes CO2 a trading unit.
In the implementation of the Kyoto protocol, it is divided into 3 mechanisms for the
first joint implementation of mitigation which enables developed countries to investigate
projects that can reduce or absorb greenhouse gas emissions in other developed countries.
The second is clean development mechanism which enables developed countries to
implement projects that can reduce or absorb greenhouse gas emissions in developing
countries. And the third is Emision Trending, which regulates developed countries to buy
emission reduction credits in other developed countries.
In its implications, especially for Indonesia, which is a developing country does not
have an obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, in the implementation of
Kyoto Protocol in Indonesia, there were obstacles. Kyoto protocol has been discussed but
there are obstacles due to lack of understanding of the process, content and purpose of the
Kyoto protocol by the community. This lack of understanding also relates to the low
environmental priorities in the development agenda. In the process of the implication of
Kyoto protocol in developing countries there are three very important aspects, first, politics
and law, both business and the three institutions and human resources. As well as the
implications of the Kyoto protocol for the Indonesian state in 2006-2007 Indonesia had a
considerable forest loss.
At the end of the 18th Climate Change Conference in Doha, Qatar, which ended on
Saturday, December 8, 2012. Instead of improving, the commitment of developed countries
as one of the world's largest carbon emitters actually declined. Two developed countries, as
one of the biggest contributors to carbon emissions in the world, Canada and the United
States out of the Kyoto Protocol, as reported by the official release of the Indonesian
delegation. While three other developed countries, Russia, Japan and New Zealand decided to
remain members of the Kyoto Protocol but were not committed to reducing emissions.
Moreover, 37 developed countries and the European Union agreed to implement the second
period during the 8 years of the Kyoto Protocol, starting January 1, 2013. The overall value
of carbon emissions in these countries is around 20% or less of all world carbon emissions.
The United States, which has never ratified the Kyoto Protocol, reasoned that their
reluctance was involved in this protocol because it was feared that it would disrupt the
domestic economy. This result is clearly disappointing, after repeated attempts to call on
commitments from developed countries to reduce their emissions also have no results. The
same thing also happened in the funding sector to suppress climate change. The efforts of
developing countries to ensure funding of 60 billion US dollars in mid-term financing
between 2013 and 2015 also did not bring results due to the reluctance of developed countries
to encourage the formation of international Loss and Damage mechanisms due to climate
change.