Answer(set 1) :

1. Answer: d
Explanation: Since all the coordinates in electromagnetic are space coordinates, direction and
magnitude both are important. Thus all functions are vector only.
2. Answer: c
Explanation: Two vectors are parallel when their cross product is zero. Since their cross product is 4i
+ 2j – 6k (non-zero), the vectors are not parallel.
3. Answer: a
Explanation: ρ = √(x2+y2) = √40 = 6.325
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(-6/2) = -71.57
z = 3.
4. Answer: b
Explanation: Grad(x2+y2+z2) = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk. Put x=1, y=1, z=1, the gradient will be 2i + 2j + 2k.
5. Answer: b
Explanation: Curl (Curl V) = Grad (Div V) – (Del)2V is a standard result of the curl operation
6. Explanation: Gauss law, Q = ∫∫D.ds
By considering area of a sphere, ds = r2sin θ dθ dφ.
On integrating, we get Q = 4πr2D and D = εE, where E = F/Q.
Thus, we get Coulomb’s law F = Q1 x Q2/4∏εR2.
7. Answer: d
Explanation: The curl of y i + z j + x k is i(0-1) – j(1-0) + k(0-1) =
-i –j –k. Since the curl is zero, the value of Stoke’s theorem is zero. The function is said to be
irrotational.
8. Explanation: The Poisson equation is given by Del2(V) = -ρ/ε. In free space, the charges will be zero.
Thus the equation becomes, Del2(V) = 0, which is the Laplace equation.
9. Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity is given by H = I/2πr, where I = 3A and r = 0.12. The
magnetic flux density in air B = μ H, where μ = 4π x 10-7.Thus B = 4π x 10-7 x 3/2π x 0.12 = 5x 10-
6
units.
10. Answer: a
Explanation: Isotropic materials are those with radiate or absorb energy uniformly in all directions
(eg. Isotropic antenna). Thus it is independent of the direction.
11. Answer: b
Explanation: The wavelength is the ratio of 2π to the phase constant β. On substituting for β = 3.14,
we get λ = 2π/β = 2π/3.14 = 2 units.
12. Answer: d
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the infinite line will have an input impedance same
as that of the characteristic impedance. Thus Zin = Zo for l->∞. This shows that the line will be
matched. The input impedance for the given case is 50 ohm.
13. Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum transmission of power will occur, when the transmission line is matched. This
implies that the input and characteristic impedances are the same. This condition is possible for l = λ/8
and l = ∞. Since l = ∞ is not feasible, the best option is l = λ/8.
14. Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line equation is useful in finding the length of the line which gives
maximum power transfer. Thus it is useful for impedance matching.
15. Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between reflection coefficient and SWR is given by S = 1 + R/1 – R. On
substituting for R = 0.6, we get S = 1 + 0.6/1 – 0.6 = 1.6/0.4 = 4.
16. Answer: a
Explanation: The skin depth is calculated by δ = 1/√(πfμσ), where f is the frequency, μ is the
permeability and σ is the conductivity. For the given data, f = 10 x 109, μ = 4π x 10-7 in air and σ =
200, we get δ = 355.8 μm.
17. Answer: a
Explanation: On moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart, we are traversing towards
the generator. This is used to calculate the normalised load impedance.
18. Answer: d
Explanation: Waveguides are employed for effective transmission, when the lines carry
electromagnetic waves in the GHz range.
19. Answer: c
Explanation: The return loss is given by RL = -20log R, where is the reflection coefficient. It is given
as 0.5. Thus the return loss will be RL = -20 log 0.5 = 6.02 decibel.
20. Answer: b
Explanation: The attenuation is the loss of power due to the transmission. It is measured in the Neper
units. 1 neper = 8.68 decibel/m.