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EXPERIMENTAL
In the processing method the user can define both the A unique feature of Waters Empower 2 Software is
smoothing type and by how much the raw data should Custom Fields, a tool that lets users define equations for
be smoothed (Figure 8). This is important with high their needs in standard math syntax not a programming
speed data typically collected today. The data shown in code (Figure 9). The interface is as easy to use as
Figure 11 were collected at 100 Hz. Second, performing writing an equation on a piece of paper. These custom
calculations to meet the needs of Section 12 of ASTM fields meet the needs of Section 12.
D5501 can be done automatically with Empower 2
instead of using a calculator or spreadsheet.
Auto-Scaled Chromatogram
6000.0
E thanol - 19.366
5000.0
4000.0
Methanol - 17.969
20.00
3000.0
Methanol - 17.969
15.00
2000.0
25.440 25.657
10.00
1000.0 17.00 18.00 19.00
23.388
26.325
Minutes
0.0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00
Minutes
Peak Results
Corrected Area Relitiv e Mass % Mass % Volumetric Concentration
Name RT
(ARi) (RMi) (Mi) (Vi)
1 Methanol 17.969 244.41 0.22 0.22 0.22
Figure 10. Creating equations using simple math. 2 Ethanol 19.366 105139.55 94.91 94.91 94.43
Sum 100.0
Summary Plot
Summary Plot for Channel: Detector, Peak: Methanol
UCL
0.60
0.50
0.40
Mi
0.30
0.20
LCL
0.10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Run Number
Summary Plot
Summary Plot for Channel: Detector, Peak: Ethanol
100.00
98.00
UCL
96.00
Mi
94.00
LCL
92.00
90.00
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Run Number
Summary Plot
Summary Plot for Channel: Detector, Peak: Heptanes
5.20
5.00
4.80
4.60
4.40
Mi
4.20
4.00
3.80
3.60
3.40
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Run Number
Empower 2 Software is easy-to-use to analyze and report fuel ethanol according to ASTM D5501-04. The
software allows use of a template that includes instrument parameters such as conditioning and equilibration,
data processing instructions and report instructions. The equations needed to calculate required values, such
as % mass, can be built-in one time with the Custom Field feature and re-used. All the analyst must do is load
the sample and a template, enter minimum information and hit run. After the run is finished, the analyst can be
confident that quality data are printed. Using interactive system suitability, runs can be re-injected or stopped
based on user pre-defined limits. With the System Suitability option, more advanced trending and tracking data
features are available.
REFERENCES
1. BioFuels Journal, posted 3/7/2005, Annual and Monthly U.S. Ethanol Production
2. www.astm.org D5501-04 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel
Ethanol by Gas Chromatography