UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Centre : Centre for Foundation Studies Session : 201501

(CFS)
Course : Foundation in Science Unit Code : FHSC 1024
Year : Year 1 Unit Title : Thermodynamics and
Trimester : Trimester 3 Electromagnetism

Tutorial 4: Kinetic Theory and Ideal Gas Law

Throughout this tutorial:

Universal gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1
Avogadro number, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa

1. One mole of oxygen gas is at a pressure of 6.00 atm and a temperature of 27.0 °C.
(a) If the gas is heated at constant volume until the pressure triples, what is the
final temperature (in unit of °C)?
(b) If the gas is heated so that both the pressure and volume are doubled, what is
the final temperature (in unit of °C)?
[Answer: (a) 627 °C; (b) 927 °C]

2. (a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.0 cm3 at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure.
Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container.
(b) If the pressure of the 1.0 cm3 volume is reduced to 1.0 × 10–11 Pa (an
extremely good vacuum) while the temperature remains constant, how many
moles of gas remain in the container?
[Answer: (a) 2.5 × 1019 molecules; (b) 4.1 × 10–21 mol]

3. An air bubble has a volume of 1.50 cm3 when it is released by a submarine 100 m
below the surface of a lake. What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the
surface? Assume that the temperature and the number of air molecules in the bubble
remain constant during its ascent.
Given that Density of water, water = 1000 kg m–3
[Answer: 16.0 cm3]

4. (a) The equation: pV = constant × T, relates the pressure p and volume V of a gas
to its Kelvin (thermodynamic) temperature T. State two conditions for the
equation to be valid.
(b) A gas cylinder contains 4.00 × 104 cm3 of hydrogen at a pressure of 2.50 × 107
Pa and a temperature of 290 K. The cylinder is to be used to fill balloons. Each
balloon, when filled, contains 7.24 × 103 cm3 of hydrogen at a pressure of 1.85
× 105 Pa and a temperature of 290 K. Calculate the number of balloons that
can be filled from the cylinder.
(Past Year Paper: Sept12/13)
[Answer: (b) 741]

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5. (a) What is meant by ideal gas?
(b)

θ / °C

The state changes of 0.50 mol of an ideal gas is as shown in figure above. If its
volume at state A is 1.2 m3, find its volume and pressure at state B.
(Past year paper: Sept13/14)
[Answer: (b) 2.52 m3, 945 Pa]

6. The temperature near the top of the atmosphere on Venus is 240 K.

(a) Find the rms speed of hydrogen (H2) at that point in Venus’s atmosphere.
(b) Repeat for carbon dioxide (CO2).
(c) It has been found that if the rms speed exceeds one-sixth of the planet’s escape
velocity, the gas eventually leaks out of the atmosphere and into outer space.
If the escape velocity on Venus is 10.3 km/s, does hydrogen escape? Does
carbon dioxide?
Given that the molar mass for H2 and CO2 are 2.00 × 10–3 kg mol–1 and 44.0 × 10–3 kg
mol–1, respectively.
[Answer: (a) 1.73 km/s; (b) 0.369 km/s]

7. Superman leaps in front of Lois Lane to save her from a volley of bullets. In a 1.0
minute interval, an automatic weapon fires 150 bullets, each of mass 8.0 g, at 400 m
s–1. The bullets strike his mighty chest, which has an area of 0.75 m2. Find the average
force exerted on Superman’s chest if the bullets bounce back after an elastic, head-on
collision.
[Answer: 16 N]

8. (a) A volatile liquid is placed in 0.590 L flask and allowed to boil until only vapor
fills the flask at a temperature of 100.0 °C and at constant pressure of 0.968
atm. If the masses of the empty and gas filled flask were 148,375 g and
149.457 g, respectively, what is the molar mass of the liquid?
(b) A soft drink contains 6.50 g of carbon dioxide (mmol = 44.0 g mol–1) dissolved
in a bottle of 1.00 L. If the carbon dioxide trapped in the bottle is at 1.00 atm
and 20.0 °C, what volume does the gas occupy in unit of L?
(Past Year Paper: Dec13/14)
[Answer: (a) 58.0 g mol–1; (b) 3.55 × 10–3m3]

9. Before beginning a long trip on a hot day, a driver inflates an automobile tire to a
gauge pressure of 1.80 atm at 300 K. At the end of the trip, the gauge pressure has
increased to 2.20 atm.
(a) Assuming that the volume has remained constant, what is the temperature of
the air inside the tire?
(b) What percentage of the original mass of air in the tire should be released so
the pressure returns to its original value?
Assume that the temperature remains at the value found in (a) and the volume
of the tire remains constant as air is released.
[Answer: (a) 343 K; (b) 12.5%]
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10. (a) A tank used for filling helium balloons has a volume of 0.300 m3 and contains
2.00 mol of helium gas at 20.0 °C. Assume the helium behaves like an ideal
gas.
(i) What is the total translational kinetic energy of the gas molecules?
(ii) What is the average kinetic energy per molecule?
(b) What is the temperature of a gas of carbon dioxide, CO2 (mmol = 44.0 g mol–1)
molecules whose root-mean-square speed is 329 m/s?
(Past Year Paper: Dec12/13)
[Answer: (a) (i) 7.31 × 103 J, (ii) 6.07 × 10–21 J; (b) 191 K]

11.

As shown in figure above, an expandable cylinder has its top connected to a spring
with force constant 2.00 × 103 N/m and the cylinder is filled with 5.00 L of gas with
the spring relaxed at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20.0 °C. If the lid has
a cross-sectional area of 0.0100 m2 and negligible mass,
(a) how high will the lid rise when the temperature is raised to 250 °C?
(b) what is the pressure of the gas at 250 °C?
[Answer: (a) 16.9 cm; (b) 1.35 × 105 Pa]

12.

(Past Year Paper: April 2014)

[Answer: (ii) 2.7 × 103 J; (iii) 6.73 × 103 J; (iv) temperature increases]