A.

The Roots of Polynomial Equation

Based on the theorem of factorization we can prove that ( x  k ) is a factor of f ( x)
if and only if f ( x ) = 0. Similarly, we can define the root of a polynomial equation.
Theorem:
( x  k ) is the root of a polynomial equation of f ( x ) =0 if only if f (k ) = 0

Example:
If 1 is the root of the equation of x  2 x  5 x  6  0 , determine the other roots.
3 2
1.
Answer:
Let f ( x) = x  2 x  5 x  6
3 2

x 1 1 -2 -5 6
1 -1 6
1 -1 -6 0
The quotient of the division of f ( x) by ( x  1) is ( x  x  6) , then:
2

= ( x  1) ( x  x  6)
2
f ( x)
= ( x  1)( x  3)( x  2)
Thus, the roots of f ( x) = x  2 x  5 x  6 are x  1 , x  3 , x  2
3 2

2. If (-2) is the root of x  7 x  5 x  a , determine the value of a and the quotient.

3 2

Answer:
x  2 1 -7 5 a
-2 18 -46
1 -9 23 a - 46= quotient

● a - 46 = 0
a = 46
And the quotient is x  9 x  23
2

B. Rational Root of Polynomial

1. If x1 , x2 , and x3 are the roots of ax  bx  cx  d  0 , then

3 2

b
x1  x2  x3  
a. a
c
x1 x2  x1 x3  x2 x3 
b. a
d
x1 x2 x3  
c. a

Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations

2. if x1 , x2 , x3 and x are the roots of ax  bx  cx  dx  e  0 , then:
4 4 3 2

b
x1  x2  x3  x4  
a. a
c
x1 x2  x1 x3  x1 x4  x2 x3  x2 x4  x3 x4 
b. a
d
x1 x2 x3  x2 x3 x4  x3 x4 x1  x4 x1 x2  
c. a
e
x1 x2 x3 x4 
d. a
Example:

1. If the roots of x  2 x  4 x  3  0 are x1 , x2 , and x3 , then determine the

3 2

value of:
b
x1  x2  x3  
a. a
c
x1 x2  x1 x3  x2 x3 
b. a
d
x1 x2 x3  
c. a
Answer:
b
x1  x2  x3  
a. a
(2)

1
2
c
x1 x2  x1 x3  x2 x3 
b. a
4
=1
4
d
x1 x2 x3  
c. a
3
= 1
 3

2. If a, b, and c are the roots of x  2 x  3 x  5  0 , determine the value

3 2

of ( a  b  c ) .
2 2 2

Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations

 Answer:
abc = -(-2)
=2
ab  ac  bc =3
abc = -(-5)
=5

(a  b  c)2 = a  b  c + 2( ab  ac  bc )
2 2 2

= (a  b  c ) - 2( ab  ac  bc )
2
a2  b2  c2
= 2 2  23
= -2

COMPETENCE CHECK
A. Choose the correct answer!
If 2 is a root of the polynomial 2 x  3 x  px  6  0 , then the other roots
3 2
1
are . . . .
1

a. 1 and -1 d. 2 and -3
3

b. 2 and -2 e. 2 and 2
5
c. 2 and -5
The one of root x  4 x  x  16 x  12  0 is 2, so the other roots are . . . .
4 3 2
2
a. 1, -3, and -2 d. -1, -3, and 2
b. -1, -3, and -2 e. 1, 3, and 2
c. -1, 3, and 2
The one of root x  5x  5x  5x- 6 = 0 is 2, the sum of other roots
4 3 2
3
is . . . .
a. 6 d. 3
b. 5 e. 2
c. 4
The one of root f (x)  0 is a, so one of root (x  3x  6) f (x  2)  0 is . .
2
4
..
a. a + 2 d. 2a
b. a + 3 e. a - 2
c. a - 3
The roots of px  5x  22x  q  0 are -1 and 5. The other root is . . . .
3 2
5

Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations

 3 2

a. 2 d. 3
2 3

b. 3 e. 2
1

c. 2
The amount of rational roots 4x  15x  5x  6  0 is . . . .
4 2
6
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d.3 e. 4
The roots of x  2x  3x  4  0 and  ,  , and  . So      
3 2 3 3 3
7
....
a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 e. 1
8
3 2 
The roots of x  12x  44 x  m  0 are , , and  . If      and


 

     so the value of    ....
a. 12 d. 32
b. 16 e. 64
c. 18
If the roots of x  3x  mx  2  0 form an arithmetic sequences, so the
3 2
9
value of m is . . . .
The roots of x  4 x  2x  4x  3  0 are -1 and 1. The other root
4 3 2
10
is . . . .
a. 3 d. -3
1
b. 2 e. 3
c. -2
If the roots of 3x  x  8x  4  0 are 1 and -2, the other root is . . . .
3 2
11
1 1 2 2
a. 3 b. - 3 c. 3 d. - 3
e. -1
The one root x  ax  6  0 . The other roots are . . . .
3
12
a. -2 and -1 d. 2 and -1
b. 2 and 1 e. 1 and -1
c. -2 and 1
The roots of x  3x  10x  p  0 are x1 , x2 and x3 . If 2x1  x2  x3 .
3 2
13
The value of p is . . . .
a. 22 b. 23 c. 24 d. 25
e. 26
14 If 2x  px  18x  8  0 has two roots which are invers to each other, the
3 2

value of p is . . . .
Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations
 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
e. 5
15 If the roots of x  14 x  px  q  0 form a geomethric sequence with
3 2

the ratio 2, the value of p and q are . . . .

a. 56 dan 64 d. 28 dan 32
b. -56 dan 64 d. -28 dan 32
c. 56 dan -64
16 If the roots of x  8x  px  qx  r  0 form an arithmethic sequence
4 3 2

with the difference 2, the value of p, q, and r are . . . .

a. 14, 8, 15 d. -14, 8, 15
b. 14, 8, -15 e. 14, -8, -15
c. 14, -8, 15
17 x  x  31x  x  30  0 has the roots a, b, c and d. If b= -1 and d=5,
4 3 2

so the value of a.c= . . . .

a. -7 d. 6
b. -6 e. 7
c. -5

18 The one of root x  ax  (2a  1)x  a  8  0 is x=-2. The multiple

3 2

result of the two roots is . . . .

a. 5 d. -5
b. 3 e. -6
c. -3
19 x  3x  2x  k  0 would have two roots that are invers, if the value
3 2

of k was . . . .
a. -16 d. 6
b. –8 d. 16
c. -6
20 If x = -2 is the root of x  4 x  7x  k  0 , the multiple result of the
3 2

roots is . . . .
a. -6 d. -8
b. -10 e. -7
c. -9

B. Solve the following problems briefly and correctly!

1. If f ( x) = x  kx  6 x  8 and x  1 is the factor of f ( x ) , determine the
3 2

value of k and the other roots.

2. If 2 is the root of 2 x  mx  7 x  6  0 . Determine the other roots.
3 2

3. If the equation x  4 x  9 x  a  0 has a pair of opposite roots.

3 2

Determine the value of a .

Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations
4. If 1 is the root of x  px  7 x  3 x  10  0 . Determine the sum of the
4 3 2

roots.
5. The roots of x  4 x  x  4  0 are x1 , x2 , and x3 . Determine the value of
3 2

x12  x2 2  x32 .

Kelompok 1|The Roots of Polynomial Equations