Business Networks and

Telecommunications

Chapter 6

By Attaullah Sahil
 Learning Outcomes
 Understanding telecommunication and networks
 Difference between internet, Intranet and Extranet
Identify major developments and trends in the
industries, technologies and business applications
Identify the basic functions and types of
telecommunications networks used in business.
Explain the major types of telecommunications
network hardware, media, and services.
 Network
Grouping of two or more computers and/or
devices by a medium for the purpose of data
and resource sharing

Telecommunication
The exchange of information in any form (voice,
data, text, images, audio, video) over networks or
over distance
 Primary reasons for networking

1. Sharing files
2. Sharing printers and other devices
3. Enabling common administration and security
4. Supporting network applications like e-mailing
5. Computing applications become available for
business-to-business coordination and commerce
 Internet
A public network or networks of networks where
million of computers and/or devices are connected
together for the purpose of sharing information and
offering range of services.
1.WWW and websites
2.Instant Messaging
3.File Transfer Protocols
4.Internet Telephony
5.E-Commerce etc….
Internet Applications
Business uses of Internet
 Intranet
A Private network with the boundary of an organization
that use internet technology and being use by the Business
Manager, Employees with in the premises of an
organization

The internet technology include

WWW, Websites, Messengers, Email, TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP

Intranet example:
Kardan Attendance, Digital Library within University,
Kabul Bank Branches
Business Value of Intranet
 Extranet
Network links that use Internet technologies to
interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of
its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
 Trends in Telecommunication
Industry Trend
Towards more competitive vendors, alliances and the
growth of Internet and World wide web in the industries

Technology Trend
Towards extensive use of internet, optical fiber and wireless
technologies to create high speed local and global network
for voice, data, images, video communication
Application Trend
Towards the use of Internet, enterprise Intranets and
Extranets to support E-Business & E-Commerce, enterprise
collaboration in local and global market
Business value of Telecommunication
Telecommunication technologies
 Elements of Networking

1. Computers
1. Servers
2. Client
2. Network Operating System
3. Networking Hardware
4. Networking Media
5. Protocols
Network Classification by Geographic size

1. LAN (Local Area Network)

2. WAN (Wide Area Network)
Classification by Network Architecture

1. Client/Server network
2. Peer to Peer network
 Network Topologies

Topology is the physical layout of a network

Three main topologies are most commonly used for
setting a LAN
• BUS
• Ring
• Star
 Network Hardware

Modem (Modulation/Demodulation)
Transform digital signal to analog signals and vice
versa
DSL Modem
When you get a DSL line must also use a DSL
modem and special network card
Cable Modem
Device that allows your computer to access Internet
 Network Hardware

Switching and Routing

Messages you transmit must be routed to arrive at
the destination computer
Packet Switching
 Data is divided up into small chunks called packets
 Each packet has a number and is separately addressed
to the destination computer
 Use TCP/IP to makes sure the packets are delivered
 Switching and Routing

Router
 Device that makes sure packets be sent to destination
 They route the traffic and packets aren’t send in order
 All networks connected to the Internet use routers
 Use routing tables to decide how the packet be delivered
 Router identify the shortest possible path for the packets
 Receiving computer must put them back in correct order
 If some packets didn’t make it, receiving computer
requests a re-transmission
 Bandwidth
The amount of data transmitting in a media/cable per unit
time. The more the bandwidth the more the speed of data
transmitted.
Classified into:
Downstream Bandwidth (Download)
Upstream Bandwidth (Upstream)
Measured in bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps
How much do we need?
For text – 56 Kbps is enough
For graphics as in the Internet – 128 Kbps or high
 Network Media
Twisted pair
 Wire used for telephone is called twisted pair
 Consists of two insulated wires – twisted so it protects the
wire from electromagnetic interference
Connections based on telephone wiring include
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line
Dial-up Line

Your
Computer

Friend’s
Computer
 Network Media
Coaxial Cable
 Center wire surrounded by insulation and Used for cable TV
 Connections based on coaxial cable include
 Cable Modem which Sends and receives signals over the
cable TV network
 Users share network access with other Cable TV subscribers
and slow down if too many users are on-line
 Network Media
Fiber Optic Cable
Thin strands of glass that use light to transmit signals
 Each strand as thin as a human hair and is protected by
insulation and protective coating
Fiber Optic Have Advantages over Coaxial and Twisted Pair
Can carry more signals and Faster data transmission
Less susceptible to interference from outside devices
Complete Overview