Rhythm

Circle
EXPECTATIONS

Recognize that
Respect
you have the
others and Keep
right to pass
their attitudes confidentiality
without
and opinions
question.

Keep an open Learn from

Participate!
mind one another.
HOW DO YOU DEFINE LEADERSHIP?
• Write down your definition of leadership.
• What does leadership mean to you?

• Get into a group of 4. Combine your definitions until

you agree on a shared definition of leadership.
• Find another group. Combine definitions until you
agree.
HOW DO YOU DEFINE LEADERSHIP?
Do you fully agree with the class definition?
Why or why not?

Where were you willing to compromise?

Where were you unwilling to compromise?

Did you notice differences of opinion in the

group?
DEFINITIONS OF LEADERSHIP TERMS

Leader
Leadership
Training
Education
Management v. Leadership
 SOCIAL CHANGE MODEL OF LEADERSHIP
About the Model:
• Work began on this model in 1994
• This model continues to be worked on, having undergone 3 versions already
• The initial research was done at the Higher Education Research Institute (UCLA)
• The model attempts to integrate already established leadership development
concepts
• Provides for leaders who may not hold traditional roles of leadership, but rather want
to make positive change

A key concept of this model is that leadership is a process.

MCC NAVIGATORS LEADERSHIP MODEL

7 C’s of Leadership

Consciousness
Congruence Commitment
of Self

Common Controversy
Collaboration
Purpose with Civility

*The 8th C-
Citizenship
Change
ACTIVITY: DRAWING
▪ Find a partner and arrange your desks so you are back to
back with them.
▪ One person will be the artist and the other will be the
speaker.
▪ The speaker will have a simple drawing on a sheet of
paper that they will keep hidden from the artist.
▪ Using their best communication skills, the speaker will
explain (using their words only) how the other partner can
draw an identical drawing.
▪ The Artist can only respond using the words “Yes”, “No”,
and “Repeat”
DEBRIEF QUESTIONS
What has this activity taught you about the importance of
communication?

What challenges did you face today during the activity?

What can you mention about the importance of listening and

speaking?

Which role did you prefer and why?

How can non-communication or poor communication

negatively impact an individual, group or organization?
COMMON LANGUAGE
A common language doesn’t mean a common meaning

Shout out the first thing that comes to mind when you
read this word:

Space
Did you know there are 10 definitions of Space?
How might this be important to understand as a leader?
VERBAL COMMUNICATION DEFINITIONS
Opening Communication
Reinforcement
Questioning
Reflecting/Summarizing
Closing
Active Listening
PARTS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Actual words you speak

7%

Tone of voice
38%

Non-verbals
55%
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Non-verbal Messages Allow People To:
Reinforce or modify what is said in words.
• Convey information about their emotional state.
• Define or reinforce the relationship between people.
• Provide feedback to the other person.
• Regulate the flow of communication, for example by signaling to
others that they have finished speaking or wish to say something.
TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
The types of interpersonal communication that are not expressed verbally are called
non-verbal communications. These include:

Body Movements (Kinesics)

Posture

Eye Contact

Para-language

Closeness or Personal Space (Proxemics)

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION DEFINITIONS
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect Displays
Regulators
Adaptors
Posture
Mirroring
Eye Contact
Paralanguage
CLOSENESS AND PERSONAL SPACE
(PROXEMICS)
Every culture has different levels of physical closeness appropriate to different types of
relationship, and individuals learn these distances from the society in which they grew
up.
In today's multicultural society, it is important to consider the range of non-verbal codes as
expressed in different cultures. When someone violates an 'appropriate' distance,
people may feel uncomfortable or defensive. Their actions may be misinterpreted.
In Western society, four distances have been defined according to the relationship between
the people involved, the study of personal space is termed proxemics.
The four main categories of proxemics are:
• Intimate Distance (touching to 45cm/20in) – Not suitable for business
• Personal Distance (45cm/20in to 1.2m/4ft) – Holding a conversation
• Social Distance (1.2m/4ft to 3.6m/11ft) - Impersonal business, working in
same room /social gatherings.
• Public Distance (3.6m/11ft to 4.5m/14ft) – Addressing larger groups
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Unfortunately interpreting non-verbal communication is not that simple.
• The way communication is influenced by the context in which it occurs.
• For example, a nod of the head between colleagues in a committee
meeting may mean something very different to when the same
action is used to acknowledge someone across a crowded room.
• Understanding these distances allows us to approach others in non-
threatening and appropriate ways.
• Non-verbal communication is an extremely complex yet integral part of
overall communication skills.
• People are often totally unaware of the non-verbal behavior they
use.
THE LANGUAGE OF LEADERSHIP
You must be confident in your communications if people are going to follow you.
• How can you reach consensus or ask for other’s input without undermining
your thoughts and comments?

• Words and phrases that undermine your speech

• Being confident is a good thing. Being cocky is not.
• Use “and” when you were planning on using “but”
• Seek first to understand, then to be understood.
• Do not use “put down” humor.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
• Audience and Format
• Write for your audience
• Composition and Style
▪ Create an outline to focus thoughts and ideas
▪ Writing is a tool to express, not impress!
▪ Get to the point already!
▪ Flowery language doesn’t impress anyone if you can’t make a point.
• Structure
• Email? Report? Different styles for each
• Grammatical Errors
• Grammar, spelling, etiquette, etc...
• Proofing
WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?
“Careful observation of a problem or phenomenon followed by
thoughtful, organized analysis resulting in a logical, reasoned
response.”

How do you define a problem?

• “A situation, matter, or person that presents perplexity or difficulty”
• Leaders think it’s easy – but often treat symptoms and not the real issue. This
makes the issue able to repeat itself!
 STEPS OF CRITICAL THINKING/PROBLEM SOLVING

Stop and
think. Review data.
Identify the Generate Analyze
problem. options. results.

Ask Implement
questions. decision.
Collect data.
Analyze
problems.
WHY DO WE NEED CRITICAL
THINKING/PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS?
A common response to these critical thinking steps is “But I do these all in my head
without really thinking about it!”
The purpose of these steps is to slow down your thinking. To make you think about
each step as a separate process.
Why do we do this?
• So we don’t miss the obvious or the minute (small details)
• To be more transparent as a leader and explain our thought process
• To help those in our group who may be less experienced with critical thinking
• Be in a better planning place later if our first solution doesn’t work as expected
(which is often)
NOW WHAT?
Easy
• First Step: Identifying the problem
• How can we identify the real problems?
• Keep asking “WHY?”
• Second Step: Analyze problems

EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION
• Why is this happening?
• Third Step: Develop plans of action
• Brainstorm Low High
• no bad ideas here
IMPACT ON GOALS
• Create List
• Solution grid tool

Difficult
 EXAMPLE OF SOLUTION GRID
Sample Problem: Balancing Easy
Only do minimal assignments to get a
school and social life
passing grade

Buy a planner and use it to stay on top of

assignments and social life

Going out with friends instead of doing

assignments
Focus on relationship with significant
other instead of studying

EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION
High
IMPACT ON GOALS

Low
Register for classes that are
easy instead of in your major

Create a study group with all your

friends
Studying while other friend drives
to dinner
Study every night after a night
with friends instead of sleeping

Difficult
LAST STEPS
• Fourth Step: Implement Plan
• Put your chosen plan(s) into action
• Fifth Step: Evaluate Plan
• Did it work? Why or why not?

• Problem solving is a cycle, if the chosen solution didn’t produce the desired results,
start the cycle over again!

• Identify – Analyze – Develop plans – Implement plans – Evaluate.

Does the steps of problem solving sound similar to other processes we’ve learned?
 ADAPTABILITY
Definition: The ability to change (or be changed) to fit changed circumstances

Ways we adapt:
• Person to Person
• (People within group are the cause of your issue)
• Person to Task
• (Outside influence is the cause of your issue)
• Task to Task
• (Another incident or task affects your task)
TIPS FOR ADAPTING AND DEALING WITH THE UNEXPECTED

• What could hold you back along the way?

• Humility- this will go a long way for the group
• Develop a sense of humor, don’t take it personal
• Forgive what affects you and keep moving forward

What are your tips for adapting?

WHAT ARE CORE VALUES?

Core Values are: “Standards or principles that guide our actions, beliefs, and
decisions.”
Some of regular values might be: Friends, Family, having a purposeful job. These are
great but I want you to go deeper today in terms of what philosophically drives you
in your life – what is at your core?
Core Values are:
▪ Freely Chosen
▪ Acted upon repeatedly
▪ Prized
▪ Verbally publicized
▪ Core values don’t rely on anyone else.
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT IN LEADERSHIP?
Knowing what you’re core values are is important so that you have a better
understanding of who you are and what your place is in the world.

Knowing what you value allows you to align your life with your values, which should
make you happier over all.

Living according to your values means that you won’t act in a way that violates what
you believe in.
Ex. Working for a company that promotes inequality within it’s members based on
one of their social identities if a value of yours is equality for all people.
VALUES VS. MORALS VS. ETHICS

Values: “Standards or principles that guide our actions, beliefs, and decisions.”
▪ Ethical values – concerned with our belief of what is right (includes fairness,
responsibility, knowledge)
▪ Non-ethical values – relate to things we like, desire or think important (can
include wealth, fame, pleasure, etc.)
Morals = an individual’s beliefs about what is right and wrong (personal evaluation of
values and behaviors, an internal alarm system)
Ethics: “a system of moral principles; the ethics of a culture”
• Societal or group standards of conduct that indicate how people ought to behave
based on specific values and principles that the group defines what as right
(ability to distinguish and commit to right over wrong)
• Furthermore based on a group’s moral principles, an ethical consensus
DEFINING YOUR VALUES
Review the 50 values on the sheet you have received

You are going to be asked to cross off some of these values.

▪ Note: Crossing something off does not mean you don’t value it, but that other
values are more important to you
DEFINING YOUR VALUES
Please cross off 10 values (40 left)
▪ 10 more (30 left)…

▪ 7 more (23 left)…

▪ 7 more (16 left)…

▪ 6 more (10 left)…

▪ 5 more (5 left)…
DEFINING YOUR VALUES
Out of the remaining five, please circle the core value you hold to be the most
important

Breathe.

Pair up and share your most important core value.

DEFINING YOUR VALUES
What was most challenging about this activity?

What was the “easiest” value to cross off your list? Why?

What was the “hardest” value to give up? Why?

What do you believe has shaped your values to this point?

DEFINING YOUR VALUES
How are these values similar or different to what you might have had before coming
to Middlesex?

How do these values influence the things you do in life? (Choosing a student leader
position, jobs, decisions about getting involved, etc.)

Why would you be asked to “eliminate” values instead of just picking your top 5?
WE’VE GOT A DILEMMA
Ethical Dilemma
▪ Right-versus-right situation where two core moral values come into
conflict

Four Types of Ethical Dilemmas:

Truth vs Loyalty - this is about being honest while keeping one's promises. Truth tends to be
about accurately reporting the fact. Loyalty is about feelings of allegiance to a friend, a
group, or a set of ideas.
Individual vs Community - this is about placing the interests of the individual against those
of the larger community.
Short Term vs Long Term - this is about requirements of the present against the need for a
safe and secure future.
Justice vs Mercy - this is about the conflict between fairness and equal treatment on the
one hand and compassion and understanding of special circumstances on the other.
LET’S RESOLVE OUR DILEMMA
Three Resolution Principles:
▪ “Do what’s best for the greatest number of people”
▪ Ends-Based Thinking

▪ “Follow your highest sense of principle”

▪ Rule-Based Thinking

▪ “Do what you want others to do to you”

▪ Care-Based Thinking
FORCE A CHOICE
• We did a similar activity using our values earlier, Now I want you
to put your core values away (Just for the sake of this activity and
learning) and use only ethics.
• Remember, ethics are society’s basis of Right and Wrong.

• I’ll read a statement and using ethics, you will choose whether
you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree.

• YOU MUST CHOSE ONE.

• You’ll be able to back up or change your choice throughout.
LET’S TALK ABOUT THIS.
• What was this activity like for you?

• Was it easy to make Ethical decisions only?

• Were you ever in contrast with your values? If so how? If not, why
not?

• How should leaders make decisions? Using Values or Ethics?

▪ How does the phrase, “Everything you do teaches,” relate to

ethics?
HOW DOES THIS RELATE?

“We judge ourselves by our noblest acts and

best intentions, but we are judged by our last
worst act.”
DEFINITION
An Inclusive Environment is one in which members
feel respected by and connected to one another;
where all members contribute to the formation of
the group goals and to the realization of those
goals.
Inclusivity moves us away from simply the physical
integration of people to the integration of people’s
experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT

▪ Differences along all cultural dimensions are recognized and

valued
▪ The multiplicity of ways that people learn, know, and
communicate are respected
▪ Progress and change are seen in a positive light
▪ Open and honest discussion between members is encouraged
▪ Policies and activities which promote understanding and
appreciation of all community members are encouraged
▪ Flexibility is demonstrated to accommodate differing needs and
preferences
BENEFITS
• Opportunity to learn about ourselves and
others.
• Increased satisfaction and retention of
members.
• Access to greater human resources and skills.
• Opportunity for synergy.
SKILLS OF INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP

1. Risk Taking
2. Cultural Self Awareness
3. Active Listening
4. Separating Individuals from Stereotypes
5. Seeing Cultural Differences as Assets
CULTURAL SELF AWARENESS

Parable of the Blind Man and the Elephant

-page 3

“We see the world not as it is, but as we are.”

- Stephen Covey
ACTIVE LISTENING
How to be an active listener:
▪ Focus on the speaker
▪ Keep eye contact
▪ Pay attention to body language
If you don’t understand make it known
▪ Ask questions to clarify points
Respond Appropriately – but remember:
▪ Active listening means to listen with the desire to understand, not listening
just to prepare a response.
Easy? Difficult? Why?
SEPARATING INDIVIDUALS FROM STEREOTYPES

STEREOTYPES can lead to PREJUDICE which can

lead to DISCRIMINATION
SEEING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AS ASSETS
Its natural to see the differences in others, but make it an asset
This is SOCIAL JUSTICE!
▪ Social justice includes a vision of society in which distribution of
resources is equitable and all members are physically safe and
psychologically secure.
▪ There is no oppression, no one has any higher social privilege
than anyone else and no one’s social group membership puts
them at an advantage over anyone else.
▪ Process & Goal- full and equal participation of all groups in a
society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs.
TEAMBUILDING
• We are always working in teams - on class projects, in student organizations, as
RAs, on co-op, and into our professional careers. Understanding team dynamics
and how to effectively use team building as a way to get the most out of your
team will contribute greatly to your success as a leader.

• Keep everything we have spoken about to this point, as the skills learned in
“Communication”, “Critical Thinking, Problem Solving & Adaptability”, “Creating
Inclusive Communities”, “Living According to Your Values and Ethics”, and
“Leadership Strengths & Weaknesses” will all come into play here when talking
about how to build a team and be an effective team member.
 REASONS FOR TEAMBUILDING
• Improving communication
• Making the workplace more enjoyable
• Motivating a team
• Getting to know each other
• Getting everyone "onto the same page", including goal setting
• Teaching the team self-regulation strategies
• Helping participants to learn more about themselves (strengths & weaknesses)
• Identifying and utilizing the strengths of team members
• Improving team productivity
• Practicing effective collaboration with team members
 QUESTIONS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

Leadership Recognition Post Assessment

Ceremony •Sent out next week
Thursday, May 10, 2018 •Complete within one week
4:30 pm