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AGRICULTURE PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME
9. State four factors that influence the quality of bricks.
1. Name two common vectors of protozoan diseases in livestock. (1 (2 mks)
mk)
-Nature of clay
-Ticks -Preparation method/workmanship skill
-Tsetse flies -Ratio of clay to sand
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
2. State two importance of tooth clipping in pigs.(1 mk)
10. Name the breed of livestock described below.
-Prevents causing injury on teats
-Control mastitis (i) A sheep breed which is white in colour with a black head, the
-Avoids piglets hurting each other (2 x ½ = 2 mks) body covering is of wool-like hair.

3. Give four structural requirements of a calf pen. (2 mks) ( ½ mk)

-Concrete floor Dorper


- Adequate space
- Single housing (ii) A goat breed which is brown with two white stripes running
- Proper lighting from the eyes to the nose.
- Proper drainage
- Drought free ( ½ mk)
- Leak proof Toggen burg
4 x ½ = 2 mks
11. State two methods of extracting honey.
4. Differentiate between mortality rate of a disease and a zoonotic (1 mk)
disease.(2 mks)
-Heat method
Mortality rate : Likelihood of an animal dying as a result of an -Crushing & straining method
infection expressed as a percentage -Use of centrifugal estructor
Zoonotic disease : A disease that can be passed from livestock to 2 x ½ mks = 1 mk
human (2 marks: mark as a whole) 12. Give two advantages of embryo transplant.
(1 mk)
5. Name four components of a truss in a house.
(2 mks) -It is easier to transport embryos in a test-tube than the whole
- cross tie animal
- rafter -Stimulates milk production in a female that was not ready to
- rafter batter produce milk
- tie beam -A highly productive female can be spread over a large area to
- strut ( 4 x ½ = 2 mks) benefit many farmers
-Embryos can be stored for long periods awaiting availability of a
6. State two causes of a soft shell in an egg. recipient female/strongates
- lack of calcium -It is possible to implant embryo from a high quality female less
- attack by a disease e.g. New Castle (2 x ½ = 1 mk) valuable female

7. Name the: 13. What is the difference between the following terms:-

(i) Bacteria that causes anthrax in cattle. (a) Flushing and steaming up
( ½ mk) (1 mk)
- Bacillus anturusis -Steaming up : is the giving pregnant animals extra feeds about
6-7 weeks before giving birth, while
(ii) Protozoa that causes gall sickness in cattle
( ½ mks) -Flushing : is the act of supplying ewes with extra feeds before
- Anaplasma marginate mating/tripping

8. Give a reason as to why each of the following is important in the diet of (b) Concentrates and roughage
young animals. (1 mk)

(i) Phosphorous Concentrates are feeds with highly digestible nutrients and
- for bones and teeth formation very little fibres while
(1 mk) Roughage possess a high concentration of fibres with little
amounts of digestible nutrients.
(ii) Vitamin C
(1 mk)
-protect against infections 14. Name the hormone responsible for each of the following functions in
lactating dairy cattle :-
(a) Milk secretion - Prolactin -Should remain effective even after contamination by mud, ding or
( ½ mk) air
2 x ½ = 1 mk

(b) Milk let down - Oxytocin


( ½ mk) 21. Name two pre-disposing factors of coccidiosis in poultry.
(1 mk)
15. State four factors that may influence the amount of water intake by a
farm animal -Wet litter
-Unhygienic conditions
(2 mks) 2 x ½ = 1 mk
-Siged the animal
-production of the animal Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
-Type of food given to animal
-Ambient temperature 22. Below is a layout of an animal housing. Study it and answer the
-Physiological status questions that follow.
-Species of animal
(i) Identify the structure.
16. Give four routine management practices where handling of an animal is ( ½ mk)
necessary.
(2 -Zero grazing unit
mks)
-When administering treatment (ii) Name the parts labeled 1,2,3,4
-When inspecting the animal for abnormalities/signs (2 mks)
-When spraying/hand dressing to control external parasites
-When carrying out practices e.g. dehorning, castration etc 1 - Walking/loafing/exercise/dunging area ( ½ mk)
-When milking 2 - Cubicle for cows ( ½ mk)
-When harnessing 3 - Fodder chapping area ( ½ mk)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks) 4 - Milking stall ( ½ mk)

17. Suggest three reasons why ewe may abandon their lambs. (iii) What is the role of the part labeled?
(1 ½ mks) (1 mk)

-Injuries on the ewes teats and or udder -For preparation of feed rations. It is provided with chaff
-Poor mothering ability/poor maternal instinct cutter chapping fodder.
-If lambs are too weak to bear
-Inadequate feeding of the ewe/inadequate milk.
23. The diagram below shows a type of a farm gate. Study the diagram and
( ½ x 3 mks = 1 answer the questions that follow.
½ mks)
(a) Identify the type of gate shown.
(1 mk)
18. State three reasons why rabbit keeping has become popular in Kenya. -Barbed wire gate
(1 ½ mks)
(b) Name parts labeled D and E.
-They are hardy (1 mk)
-Have low food requirement
-Cheaper source of protein D - Dropper ( ½ mk)
E - Wire loop ( ½ mk)
(3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
(c) (i) State one function of the part labeled E.
(1 mk)
19. List two disadvantages of dry cow therapy. - Support the gate/reign the king post
(1 mk)
(ii) State two functions of the gate illustrated above.
-Reduces chances of mastitis occurrence in the next lactation (2 mks)
-Regenerates damaged milk tissue -Prevent intruders/wild animals into the farm
-Enhances quality and quantity of milk production -Prevent livestock from moving out of the farm
-Has higher cure rate than lactational treatment -Used as entrance into/exit from the farm/control grazing
-Reduces risk of milk contamination in paddocks.
2 x ½ = 1 mk ( 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

20. Give two characteristics of an effective acaricide. (iii) Name the tool used for stretching the wire during the
(1 mk) construction of the fence shown above.

-Have ability to kill ticks mk)
-Be harmless to human and livestock - Wire strainer
-Be stable
24. The diagram below shows the reproductive system of a cow. Study it (b) Outline the procedure of castrating a bull using a burdizzo.
and answer the questions that follow:- (7 mks)

(a) Name the parts labeled J,K,L and M. -Restrain animal


(2 mks) -With one hand, pull the testes to let them free from
scrotal neck
J - Uterus/womb ( ½ mk) -Using the other hand, place the cusps of the burdizzo to
K - Ovary ( ½ mk) clasp the scrotal neck.
L - Urinary bladder ( ½ mk) -With your free hand, locate the spermatic cord of one
M - Vagina ( ½ mk) testes and press the handles of the burdizzo till a snap sand
is herd.
(b) State a function of the part labeled K and N. -Repeat the pressing on the same spermatic cord but at a
lower position below the first cut.
Function of K -Repeat the procedure of cutting the spermatic cord on
(1 mk) the other testis
- Production of ova -Finally release the animal
- Production of sex hormones e.g. progestron, oestrogen 7 x 1 = 7 mks

(1 x 1 = 1 mk) (c) Discuss the management of Pigs from birth to weaning.


Function of N (8 mks)
(1 mk)
-Passage of the Ova from ovary to uterus -Ensure the piglets are breathing properly/remove mucus
-Site of fertilization from the mouth and nostrils using a clean cloth.
-Tie,cut and disinfect the umblilical cords
(1 x 1 = 1mk) -Weigh each piglet and record the birth weight
(c) (i) Give two methods of mating in cattle. -Remove and dispose off the after-birth and piglets born
(2 mks) dead/still births
-Artificial insemination -Place the piglets under warm conditions
-Natural method (2 x 1 = 2 mks) -2-3 days after farrowing feed a mother of sow and
weaner meal with wetted bran.
(ii) How long is the Oestrus cycle in cattle. -Ensure piglets suck colostrums immediately they are
19 – 23 days/ 3 weeks ( born.
-Get rid of excess piglets/rear excess piglets
25. The following is an illustration of a structure normally found within a artificially/give excess piglets to a foster mother.
bee-hive. -Provide a farrowing crate to prevent crushing of piglets
by the sow
-Give iron injection/control piglet anaemia appropriately.
(a) Name the structure. -Carry out teeth clipping
(1 mk) -Provide clean drinking water
Queen esccluder -Vaccinate appropriately
-Control external parasites by spraying or washing with
(b) State two functions of the above part of the bee hive. appropriate pesticides.
(2 mks) -Control internal parasites by dehorning
-Restrict the queen from laying eggs on top bar -Provide adequate and clean housing
-Ensure honey produced is of high quality -Carry out adequate identification
(2 x -Weigh piglets regularly i.e. weekly and later monthly
1 =2mks) -Keep appropriate records
-Select piglets to be used for breeding
(c) Give two diseases that are likely to attack bees in a hive. -Provide piglets with extra feed
(1 mk) -Remove sow from farrowing pen in order to wean the
-Acarive disease piglets
-American foul brood disease -Wean piglets between 4 – 8 weeks & age
(2 x ½ = 1 mk) (1
mk each for any 8 points = 8 mks)
26. (a) Describe the use of various hand tools required for the
construction of a wooden fence. 27. (a) Describe the components of a spray race.
(10 mks)
(5 mks)
- Delivery pipe nozzle - deliver chemicals at appropriate
-Claw hammer – driving nails/staples points
-Hand saw – cutting posts to the right -Side wall - prevent spray drift/enclosure to
length animals being sprayed.
-Soil auger – digging holes on the ground -Control value – Open to deliver pipe for chemicals
-Tape measure - measuring distances to flow
- Ramming rod - ramming posts -Agitator pipe – Maintain pressure for mixing
- Panga - cutting pegs chemicals
- Axe - splitting posts -Suction pipe – Suck chemicals from reservoir
-Filter mesh – Remove foreign particles in -Avoid overcrowding
spray/chemicals -Provide shelter which is leak proof for the calves
-Pressure gauge – ensure machine operates at correct -Ensure proper ventilation in animal houses
pressure. (any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
-Drainage pipe – to clear the tank
-Power source – Provide power to drive the (b) Explain the factors that make bees swarm.
machine -Sick or infertile queen
-Damage of brood combs
(any -Shortage of food and water
10 x 1 = 10 mks) -Poor ventilation in the bee hive due to overcrowding
-Attack by parasites and diseases
-Bad smell coming from nearby
-Dampness in the hive
(b) Increase quality of livestock products/work out put/regular -Too high temperatures in the hive
breeding -Direct sunshine entering the hive
-Increase quantity of livestock products/yields (any 8 x 1 = 8 mks)
-Reduce spread of diseases to man and livestock
-Increase profits/reduce cost of production
-Grow fast and reach maturity early
(any
6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(d) Explain four qualities that make colostrums more suitable for
newly burn calves.

-Highly digestible
-Rich in antibodies
-Rich in nutrients
-Has lactative effects
-Highly palatable
(any 4 x 1 = 4mks)

28. (a) Explain the management practices that a farmer should carry
out to improve milk production in a low yielding herd of dairy
cattle under the following subheadings

(i) Selection
(5 mks)

-Select high yielding cows


-Select animals with good health
-Select only animals with high fertility
-Select animals with good dairy conformation
-Select animals with good temperament/docile
-Cull poor animals
-Selection and culling should be a continuous exercise

(any 5 x 1 = 5
mks)

(ii) Disease and parasite control


(5 mks)

-Keep animals healthy by routine vaccination


-Control external parasites by routine drenching using
appropriate dewormers
-Treat sick animals
-Isolate sick animals suffering from contagious disease or
new animals should be isolated and put under
quarantine.
- Avid physical injuries to the animals by avoiding sharp
objects/by using plain wire for fencing.
-Improve sanitation/cleanliness in the farm
(any 5 x 1 = 5
mks)

(iii) Housing
-Observe hygiene in animal houses

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