Name … …………… …………………………Index Number…................/………….

231/1
BIOLOGY Candidate’s Signature………………………
Paper 1
(Theory) Date…………………………………………..
March/April 2012
2 hours

Aplus Trial examination

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
(Theory)
2 hours

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.

For examiner’s use only

Question Maximum Candidate’s

score score

1-29 80

This paper consists of 10 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all

the pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

@ 2012 Turn over

A plus Series Pre-Mock Examinations (2012) Trial 1

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1. State two aim of studying biology. (2 marks)

2. State two glands whose secretions are released into the human duodenum.
(2mks)

3. The diagram below represent female reproductive system in humans. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.

(a) Name the labeled parts: (2 mks)

III

IV

(b) (i) State the chromosomal state of the cells scooped from part I and labeled parts II. (1 mks)
I–

II-

(ii) Explain your answer in b (i) above. (1mks)

4. Describe the term eutrophication. (3 mks)

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5. (a) What do you understand by the term transpiration. (1 mark)

(b) State two environmental factors that increase the rate of transpiration. (2 marks)

6. List four ways by which materials can circulate within and around the cells. (4 mks)

7. In fish, gaseous exchange occur across certain respiratory surfaces called gills. Water and
blood flow in opposite direction.
(a) What is the name given to the above phenomenon? (1mk)

(b) Explain the advantage of the above phenomenon. (2 mks)

8. (a) Suggest two reasons to explain why members of the division Pteridophyta are
considered to be more advanced than members of kingdom fungi.
(2mks)

(b). Name the spore producing structures in pteridophyta. (1mk)

9. (a) What is the function of hair-like structures on the walls of the fallopian tube in
mammalian female? (1mk)

(b). Name any other structure in humans in which similar hair-like structures are found (1mk)

10. State the enzymes present in each of the secretion released by the glands above. (3
mks)

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11. (a) Differentiate co-enzymes from co-factors. (2 mks)

(b) Name two food substance that is not digested in human alimentary canal. (1mk)

12. Give the names corresponding to the following taxa as applied to humans; (3
mks)

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

13. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) In the diagram, sketch the missing organelle.

(1 mk)

(b) Name the labeled parts B and C. (2 mks)

(c) State one function of part labeled A. (1mk)

14. The diagram below shows a human eye that is defective.

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 Name the eye defect illustrated in the diagram above. (1mk)

(a) What causes this defect? (1mk)

(b) How would this defect be corrected. (1mk)

15. (a) What is sex-linkage? (1mk)

(b) Give a reason to explain pre-mature baldness, tufts of hair in ear and nose are
characteristics found in men only. (2mks)

16. The diagram below represents a mammalian bone.

(i) Name the bone drawn above. (1mk)

(ii) Which part articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle? 1mk

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 (iii) State one function of an animal skeleton apart from support. (2 mks)

17. State three structural differences between Xylem vessels and Phloem. (4mks)

18. Name the blood vessel that nourishes the heart and the Kidney. (2mk)

19. (a) What does the term ventilation means with reference to gaseous exchange. (1 mk)

(b) State two respiratory surfaces in animals. (2 mks)

20. (a) Which hormone controls the concentration of urine produced in the kidney. (1mk)

(b) Name the main nitrogenous wastes material excreted by the following organisms;
(2 mks)

Fresh water fish.

Birds.

21. (a) State the causative agent of syphilis. (1 mk)

(b) List two methods of curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS. (2mks)

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22. Explain the term Dormancy as used in Biology and state its significance.
Explanation (2mks)

Significance (1 mk)

23. Explain the term analogous structures as used in evolution. (3 mks)

24. (a) How does leaf folding in xerophytic plants aid in reducing the rate of transpiration?
(1 mk)

(b) State one other physiological adaptations that these plants employ in reducing the
rate of transpiration. (1 mks)

25. One gramme of fat yields twice as much energy as 1 gramme of carbohydrates when fully
oxidized. State two reasons why fat is not a suitable respiratory substrate in most animals.
(2mks)

26. Distinguish carefully between Excretion and Secretion. (2mks)

27. An experiment was set as shown below to compare the amount of carbon (iv) oxide in expired
and inspired air.

(a) State the purpose of clip

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 (i) P (1mark)

(ii) Q (1mark)

(b) Compare observations in tube A and B after experiment. Give reasons for your answer.
(2marks)

28. Give two reasons why it is important to screen the blood tissue before transfusion is done.
(2 mks)

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Marking scheme- 231/1 paper 1

1. help to know how to use natural resources more efficiently; environment management;
medicine;improve agricultural yields through scientific research; improve on home
management techniques;

2. - Liver/gall bladder;
- pancrease;

3. III

- uterus/uterine cavity;
IV
- cervix;

. (1 mks)
I – diploid;

II- haploid

- I are somatic cells while II is a sex cell; (1mks)

4. - it is a natural process of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients; by which large

amounts of living organic materials grow in the water; slowly develop large concentrations of
aquatic plant life which eventually decay; (3 mks)

5. (a) it the process by which plants lose water to the atmosphere in form of vapour;
(1 mark)

(b) high temperatre; high light intensity; wind; a lot of water; low relative humidity;

first two. Rej temperature, light intensity, water, humidity. (2 marks)

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6. - diffusion; cytoplasmic streaming/ cyclosis; cell movement and special organelles
microfilaments; endoplasmic reticulum; (4 mks)

7.
(a) counter current flow; (1mk)

(b) it maintains a steep concentration gradient; ensuring maximum gaseous exchange;

(2 mks)

8. (a) - are autotrophic; have vascular bundles; Show alteration of generation; (2mks)

(b). - sori; sorus. (1mk)

9. (a) -to propel egg/ovum zygote to uterus; (1mk)

(b). -Trachea/wine pip.; (1mk)

10. -amylase; lipase; trypsin; nuclease; (3 mks)

11. (a) -a co-enzyme is an organic substance that enable the enzyme to function effectively
e.g vitamins.
A co-factor is an inorganic substance that enhance performance of the enzyme e.g mineral ions.
(2 mks)

(b) - vitamins/ water/ mineral ions/ glucose; (1mk)

12. Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Animalia
Chordata
Mammalian(3 mks)

13. B- cell wall; (2 mk)

C- nucleus

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-serves as continous bounding envelope for the entire cell; (1mk)
- it plays an active role in controlling and regulating the flow of molecules into and out of the cell;

14. (a)- short sightedness/ myopia; (1mk)

(b)- long eye ball; (

(c)- concave/ diverging lenses; (1mk)

15. (a) - occurrence of gene on sex chromosomes hence transmitted together with
those that determine sex; (1mk)

(b) - it is because are located on Y chromosomes that is exclusively found in

men; (2mks)

16. The diagram below represents a mammalian bone.

(j) Name the bone drawn above. (1mk)

- femur;

(ii) Which part articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle? 1mk
- part 1/ head;

(iii) State one function of an animal skeleton apart from support. (2 mks)

- protection of soft/delicate organs; formation of red blood cells in bone marrow;

movement;

17. .

Xylem Phloem
1.- are lignified -not lignified
2.- are dead tissues - are dead tissues
3. – no cytoplasmic filaments - have cytoplasmic filaments
4. – lack companion cells - have companion cells(4mks)

18 .- coronary artery and renal artery; (2mk)

19. (a) - it is the process of moving CO2 and O2 to and from the respiratory surfaces; (1
mk)

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 (b) cell membrane; skin; alveoli; gills; (2 mks)

20. (a) antidiuretic hormone; (1mk)

(b) Fresh water fish.

- ammonia;

Birds.

- uric acid; (2 mks)

21. (a) - Treponema pallidium; (1 mk)

(b) - use of condoms; screening of blood before transfusion; abstinence from sex;
(2mks)

22. - Temporary stoppage/ceasation of growth process; in an organism/part of it; during which

metabolic activities fall to level sufficient/to keep cells/organisms alive; (2mks)

Significance (1 mk)
enable organism to survive periods of unfavourable environmental conditions e.g.
cold/heat; without exhausting food reserves; enable maturation of seeds/ production of
some growth hormones;

23. - these are structures of different embryonic origin; modified to perform similar function
due to exploitation of similar environments; this points towards convergent evolution. e.g
wings of birds and insects are modified for flight, (3 mks)

24. (a) - by not exposing stomata to environmental factors; (1 mk)

(b)- Reversed stomata rhythm; Shedding of leaves during drought; (1 mks)

25. -Requires more oxygen to oxidize

-Takes longer to release energy; (2mks)

26. -Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body-Secretion is the removal
of substances from a cell where it is formed and transfer to other ports where it is used;
(2mks)

27. (a) (i) Clip P – Closed to prevent exhaled air from entering into tube A/ when open allows

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 atmospheric air to enter into tube A; (1mark)
(ii) Clip Q – When closed prevents sucking in of the bicarbonate indicator/when open
allows exhaled air to enter into tube B; (1mark)
(b) A-bicarbonate indicator turns to orange-red; conditions are less acidic due to low
concentration of carbon (1marks)
B-bicarbonate indicator turns to yellow; showing high concentration of carbon (iv) oxide in
exhaled air. (1marks)
NB: Colours of bicarbonate indicator must be specific.
(iii)

28. - For pathogens e.g HIV; and compatibility; (2 mks)

Confidential and preparations.

- 50 cm3 liquid D- liquid D prepared by adding 40 cm3 of egg white and 5 g of glucose in a
liter of distilled water.
- Iodine solution
- Benedict’s solution
- Sodium bicarbonate
- 1% copper (II) sulphate
- 1% DCPIP
- Filter paper
- Droppers
- Means of heating
- White tile
- Glass rod

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231/3
BIOLOGY
PAPER 3
(PRACTICAL)
March/ April 2012
1 ¾ HOURS

PREMOCK – KCSE PREDICTOR EXAMINATION

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
BIOLOGY
PAPER 3
(PRACTICAL)
1 ¾ HOURS

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the 1 ¾ hours allowed for this paper reading the
whole paper before commencing your work.

Answers must be written in the spaces provided.

For Examiners’ Use Only

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QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATES SCORE
1 17

2 13

3 10

TOTAL SCORE 40

A plus Series Pre-Mock Examinations (2012) Trial 1

1(a) You are provided with liquid D and a range of reagents and materials. Select the
appropriate requirements and carry out iodine, Benedict’s and paper tests and record in the
table below.
(12 marks)

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 (b) Put a little liquid D in a test tube and heat gently. Explain your observations. (2mks)

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 (c) (i) Name the classes of food in liquid D. (2 marks)

(ii) A tissue was found to be rich in oils. Was the tissue obtained from plant or
animal? (1 mark)

2. You are provided with photographs labeled J and K and . use them to answer the
questions that follow.
(a) Using the opened flowers photographs, count the number of flower parts listed below
and record your findings. (8 marks)

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 Floral part J K

Calyx

Corolla

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 Stamens

Pistil

(b) (i) Define the term pollination. (1 mk)

(ii) With reasons, suggest the type of pollination of specimens J and L. (2 marks)

(iii) Explain the biological significance of the type of reproduction exhibited by

flowering plants. (2 marks)

3. You are provided photographs below labeled A,B,C,D,E,F, G and a dichotomous key. use
them to answer the questions that follow.

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 (a) Fill the missing information in the dichotomous key below.

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 1 (a) Animal with jointed appendages……………….go to 3
(b) Animals without jointed appendages……….....go to 2

2 (a) Animals with a slender long body……………Nematoda

(b) Animals with a thick short body……………..Annelida

3 (a) …………………………..…………………….go to 5
(b) Animals without wings…………………go to 4

4 (a) Animals with numerous legs…………..Myrioponda

(b) ……………………………..…………..Hymenoptera

5 (a) Animals with short antenna…………..Diptera

(b) Animals with a pair of long antenna….go to 6

6 (a) Animals with cuticulized forewings…….Dictyoptera

(b) Animals with a pair of membranous wings…..Hymenoptera

(b) What name is given to the system of naming of organisms. (1mk)

(b)Use the completed dichotomous key to identify the family to which each plant belongs.
(7 marks)

Identity Steps followed

A…………………………….. …………………………

B ……………………………. …………………………

C …………………………… …………………………

D …………………………… ………………………….

E ……………………………. …………………………

F ……………………………… ………………………….

G ……………………………… …………………………….

Marking scheme

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(b) (i) the solution coagulates;

(ii) proteins in the solution denatured leading to coagulation

(c) (i) Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids;

(ii) Plant;

Floral part J K

Calyx 5 fused 5 fused

Corolla 5 fused 5 free

Stamens 4 and 1 staminode many

Pistil 1 5 fused

(b) (i) Transfer of pollen grains from anthers to stigma;

(ii) insects; brightly coloured to attract insects; presenceof nectarines; landing platform;
rej. scented to attract insects.
(iii) Bring about genetic variation hence better adaptation/ survival of plants/ high yields/
drought /disease resistance;

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 (b)Fill the missing information in the dichotomous key below. (2 mks)

1 (a) Animal with jointed appendages……………….go to 3

(c) Animals without jointed appendages……….......go to 2

2 (a) Animals with a slender long body………………Nematoda

(b) Animals with a thick short body…………………Annelida

3 (a) Animal with wings…….………………………..go to 5

(b) Animals without wings………………………….go to 4

4 (a) Animals with numerous legs……………………Myrioponda

(b) Animals with3 pairs of legs…….………………Hymenoptera

5 (a) Animals with short antenna…………………….Diptera

(b) Animals with a pair of long antenna……………go to 6

6 (a) Animals with cuticulized forewings…………..Dictyoptera

(b) Animals with a pair of membranous wings…..Hymenoptera

(b) -binomial nomenclature; (1 mk)

Identity Steps followed (7mks)

A…1b,3b,4b………………… Hymenoptera

B …1b,3a,5a………………… Diptera

C …1b,3a,4a………………… Myriopoda

D …1b,3a,5b,6a……………… Dictyoptera

E …1a,2a…………………… Nematoda
F … .1b,5b,6b……………… Hymenoptera
G …1a,2b………………… Mollusca

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