新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

考研英语写作基础PPT讲义

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 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

考研英语（一）写作基础班
第一节 考研写作话题词汇

课程介绍
1、第一节：考研写作话题词汇
1）四大必考话题：社会热点、教育文化、人生哲理、环境保护
2）写作核心词汇：
2、第二节：句子写作大法
1）句子写作大法
2）话题钻石句型
3、补充讲义：基础班 45 大钻石句型+20 大必背范文

一、社会热点类
（一）健康：
1、经典考题：
1）2014 年英语（一）小作文：
Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how
to improve students’ physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
2）2014 年英语（二）小作文：
Directions:
Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student,
write him an email to
1) tell him about your living habits, and
2) ask for advice about living there.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)

2、主题词汇：
生理健康：physical health
心理健康：mental/psychological health
进行体育锻炼：do physical exercises
保持乐观：keep optimistic
悲观的：pessimistic
均衡饮食：well-balanced diet
亚健康：sub-health
公共卫生：public health
心态：state of mind
垃圾食品：junk food
节食：go on a diet
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

减肥：lose weight
提供医疗服务：provide medical services
牺牲健康：sacrifice one’s health
全面禁烟：total tobacco ban
疾病：illness/disease
慢性病：chronic disease
传染病：infectious disease

（二）两代关系
1、经典考题：
1）2003 年真题：
Directions:
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the
following
1）describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning，
2）point out its implications in our life.

2）2014 年英语（一）真题：
Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

相携
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

2、核心词汇：
代沟：generation gap
弥合差距：bridge the gap
相互理解：mutual understanding
误解：misunderstanding
赡养父母：support one’s parents
照顾：take care of/look after
虐待：mistreat/maltreat
老龄化社会：aging society
人口老龄化：population aging
老年人：the aged/the elderly/senior citizens
奉行孝道：practice filial piety

（三）职业道德
1、经典考题：2014 年 6 月六级写作真题：投诉信
Directions:
设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，
因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：
1、事情的起因；
2、与书店交涉的经过；
3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量。
2、核心词汇
职业道德：professional ethics
伪劣产品：shoddy products/goods, counterfeit/inferior commodities
欺诈行为：fraudulent activity/behavior/conduct
诚信：honesty
学术腐败：academic corruption
剽窃/抄袭：plagiarism
食品安全：food safety
建筑质量：construction quality
地沟油：gutter oil
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

毒奶粉：poisonous milk powder

食品添加剂：food additive
不公平竞争：unfair competition
管理部门：the administration
监管机构：regulator
厂家：manufacturer
漠视法律：ignore the laws
推卸责任：shift blame onto others
消费者权益：consumers’ rights and interests

（四）爱心/社会公德：
1、经典考题：2013 年英语（二）小作文真题：倡议信
Directions:
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates
an email to
1) inform them about the details, and
2) encourage them to participate .
2、核心词汇：
公德：public/social morals/morality
传统美德：traditional virtue
责任：duty/responsibility
责任感：sense of responsibility
承担责任：shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duty/responsibility
逃避责任：avoid/shirk one’s duty/responsibility
奉献：devote/dedicate/devotion/dedication
无私奉献：selfless devotion
信任危机：trust crisis
不道德行为：immoral behavior
希望工程：Project Hope
慈善机构：charity
捐款：donate/donation
贫困的乡村地区：poor rural areas
尊老爱幼：respect the old and love the young
随地吐痰：spit everywhere
大声喧哗：make noise/talk loudly

二、教育文化类
（一）教育：
1、经典考题：
1）2013 年英语（一）大作文：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1）describe the drawing briefly.
2）explain its intended meaning, and
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

3）give you comments.

选择

2）2012 年英语（一）小作文：建议信
Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the
name of the Students' Union to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.

3）2015 年英语（一）小作文：
Directions:
You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words
recommending a book to the club members.
You should state reasons for your recommendation.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. （10 points）
2、核心词汇：
1）学位：
学士学位：bachelor’s degree
硕士学位：master’s degree
博士学位：doctoral degree
获得学位：obtain/receive degree
2）学校
幼儿园：nursery/kindergarten
小学：primary/elementary school
中学：middle/high school
综合性大学：university
学院：college/institute/school
中等教育：secondary education
高等教育：higher education
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

大学生：college/university student
大学毕业生：college/university graduate
教授：professor
系：department
专业：major
教学设施：teaching facility
食堂：dining hall/canteen
宿舍（楼） ：dormitory
图书馆：library
选修课：elective/optional course
必修课：compulsory course
学杂费：tuition fees and other expenses
3）教育
终身教育：lifelong education
素质教育：essential-quality-oriented education
应试教育：exam-oriented education
义务教育：compulsory education
理论知识：theoretical knowledge
实践技能：practical skill
信息时代：information age
知识爆炸时代：era of knowledge explosion
逃课：skip class
学习成绩：academic performance
学习氛围：learning atmosphere
开阔眼界：broaden/expand one’s horizons
激发兴趣：stimulate one’s interest
开发潜能：tap one’s potential
学生减负：reduce study load
做兼职：work part-time
入学：start school
辍学：drop out of school
完成学业：finish school
4）招生就业
招生：recruitment
录取：enrollment
申请入学：apply for admission to/into
高考：college entrance examination
就业市场：job market
雇主：employer
雇员：employee
职业培训：vocational training
考研：take the National Entrance Test for M.A./M.S. Candidates

（二）流行文化：
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

1、经典考题：
1）2006 年真题：
Directions:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should
1)describe the photos briefly;
2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
3)give your point of view.
把崇拜写在脸上 花三百元做个“小贝头”

2）2015 年英语（一）大作文：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should
1）describe the picture briefly,
2）interpret its intended meaning, and
3）give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
手机时代的“聚会”

2、核心词汇：
流行文化： popular culture
广告无处不在：pervasive advertisement
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

偶像崇拜：idol worship
上网成瘾：Internet addiction
虚拟生活：virtual life
网上交友：making friends online
网聊：online chat
网上购物：online shopping
网络监督：Internet supervision
网络暴力：online violence
实名制：real-name system
不负责言论：irresponsible remarks
彩票：lottery ticket
网络游戏：Internet game
数码产品：digital products
手机短信：text message
手机入网：mobile phone subscription

（三）中西文化
1、经典考题：2010 年英语（一）大作文：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
文字说明：佛、梁祝、解构、人本、功夫、毕昇、儒、礼、后现代、老舍、莎士比亚、爱
因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等

2、核心词汇：
传统中国文化：traditional Chinese culture
文化交流：cultural exchange
文化融合：cultural blending
儒家：Confucianism
佛家：Buddhism
道家：Taoism
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

京剧：Peking Opera
功夫：Kung-fu
中国书法：Chinese calligraphy
仁：Goodness/Benevolence
义：Righteousness
礼：Politeness/Ritual
智：Wisdom
信：Trust
西方文化：Western culture
启蒙运动：Enlightenment
人本主义：humanism
后现代主义：post-modernism
解构主义：deconstruction
多元文化：multi-cultures
文化多元化：cultural diversity
保护并珍视：preserve and cherish
取其精华去其糟粕：select the essence and discard the dross
促进文化发展：promote cultural development
辉煌灿烂的文化遗产：glorious and splendid cultural heritage
与时俱进：keep pace with the times
跨文化交流：cross-cultural/intercultural communication
文化差异：cultural difference
文化传统：cultural tradition
人类文明：human civilization
精神文明：spiritual civilization
主流文化：mainstream culture
解读经典：interpretation of classics
莎士比亚：Shakespeare
爱因斯坦：Einstein

三、人生哲理类：
（一）经典考题：
1、2004 年真题：
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1）describe the set of drawing,
2）interpret its meaning, and
3）support your view with examples.

2、2012 年英语（一）大作文：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1）describe the drawing briefly.
2）explain its intended meaning, and
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

3）give you comments.

（二）核心词汇：
溺爱：dote on, spoil
独生子女：only child
激烈竞争：fierce competition
啃老族：boomerang kids
不劳而获：reap without sowing
不断努力：make constant efforts
决不放弃：never give up
决不停止进步：never stop making progress
取得成功：achieve success
创新：innovation
勤奋：diligence
奋斗精神：striving spirit
拼搏精神：determined spirit
人生观：outlook on life
世界观：outlook on the world
耐心：patience
谨慎：prudence
出国：study abroad/overseas
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

就业：employment
创业：start one’s own business
积极的态度：positive attitude
齐心协力：joint efforts
团队精神：team spirit
高估困难：exaggerate/overestimate difficulties
低估能力：underestimate one’s abilities
谦虚：modesty

四、环境保护类：
（一）经典考题：
1、2000 年真题：
Directions:
A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay in at least 150words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET2.
C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1) Describe the pictures.
2) Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.
3) Suggest counter measures.

（二）2009 年小作文：建议信
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White
Pollution”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1) give your opinions briefly, and
2) make two or three suggestions.
（二）核心词汇：
环境保护：environmental protection
提高环保意识：enhance the awareness of environmental protection
保持生态平衡：maintain ecological balance
生态系统：ecosystem
自然保护区：nature reserve
可持续发展战略：sustainable development strategy
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

宜人的生活环境：pleasant environment
节能：save energy
减排：reduce greenhouse gas emissions
降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource consumption
环保产品：environment-friendly product
全球变暖：global warming
低碳经济：low carbon economy
清洁可再生能源：clean and renewable energy sources
核能：nuclear energy 太阳能：solar energy
大功率电器：high-powered electrical appliance
二氧化碳：carbon dioxide
气候变化：climate change
环境恶化：environment deterioration
毁林：deforestation, clear-cutting
过度开采：overexploitation
水土流失：soil erosion
荒漠化：desertification
人口增长：population growth
野生动物保护：wildlife conservation
濒危物种：endangered species
商业捕鱼：commercial fishing
捕捞过渡：overfishing
自然灾害：natural disaster
破坏性地震：destructive earthquake
沙尘暴：sandstorm
旱灾：drought
水灾：flood
限期治理：bring under control within the prescribed time limit
白色污染：white pollution
限制使用一次性塑料袋：limit the use of disposable plastic bags
一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks
乱扔垃圾：litter
垃圾：trash/rubbish
丢弃：throw/discard
空气污染浓度：air pollutant concentrations
汽车尾气排放：motor vehicle emissions
尾气净化器：exhaust purifier
无铅汽油：lead-free/unleaded gasoline/petrol
电动汽车：electric car
天然气汽车：gas-fueled car
小排量汽车：low-emission car
工业粉尘排放：industrial dust discharge
烟尘排放：soot emissions
矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） ：fossil fuel(coal, oil and natural gas)
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

考研英语（一）写作基础班
第二节 句子写作大法

一、五大句型：
（一）主谓：
没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。 （职业道德）
By dishonest words no one can survive.
（二）主谓宾：
人们拥有生理或心理问题。 （健康）
People suffer either physical or mental problems.
（三）主系表：
饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。 （健康）
Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.
（四）主谓双宾：
韦小宝给了阿珂一本英文字典。
Wei Xiaobao gives Ake an English dictionary.
（五）主谓宾宾补：
金钱使人自私。
Money makes people selfish.

（二）长句写法：
1、并列句：
考研写作六大并列连词：
and, or, not only… but also…but, while, whereas

1）生产厂家保证生产高质量产品。 （职业道德）
Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality.
商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。
Commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic
services.
生产厂家保证生产高质量产品；商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。
Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of
good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide
genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services.
2）旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力。 （环境保护）
Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in.
旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染.
Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted.
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

另一方面，旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到
破坏，自然资源被过度开发。
On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in:water
is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
3）多元文化能得以保护。 （文化融合）
Multi-cultures can be kept alive.
如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。
Multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so.
在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确保社会将
来的繁荣和发展都至关重要。
In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is
extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity.
4）有些学生可以负担学费。 （教育）
Some students are able to support the tuition fees.
有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费。
Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or
studying overseas.
有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费，而对有些人来说这些费用是一项沉重的
负担。
Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or
studying overseas, while for others it would be too much of a financial strain.

2、从句：小作文 3-5 个，大作文 5-7 个

1）定语从句：形容词从句
人+who, whom, whose
物+that, which
时间+when
In 2015 when I met JJ
地点+where

（1）温室是溺爱和物质条件的缩影。 （两代关系）
The greenhouse epitomizes doting care and material supplies.
温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影。
The greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can
shield the children from the storms.
温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，而风雨就是严峻的现实。
The greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can
shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.
（2）这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果。（职业道德）
This misconduct results in severe consequences.
这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，这很可能会影响将来的机会。
This misconduct results in severe consequence that may very well impact future opportunities
and so on.
另外，这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，如成绩上的惩罚、暂时停学、不良违纪行为
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

记录，这很可能会影响将来的机会。
In addition, this misconduct results in severe consequences, such as grade-related penalties,
suspension, or an adverse disciplinary record that may very well impact future opportunities and
so on.
（3）错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景。（教育）
Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects.
错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景，或是到头来浪费了时间和金钱。
Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects, or end
up wasting their time and money.
（4）贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象。 （流行文化）
Beckham represents the image of sport hero.
贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的外表以及球技正是球迷们追捧的。
Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose appearance football skills are adored by all
the sports fans.
贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧
的。
Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled
football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans.
（5）几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。 （流行文化）
Several teenage girls won their fame overnight.
2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。
Several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,
同样，2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。围绕着崇拜
这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。
Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,
which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols.
（6）中国的习俗和传统面临着消失的危险。（中西文化）
For China, there is a danger that customs and traditions may become lost.
另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的习俗和传
统面临着消失在现代化阴影里的危险。
On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly
developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs
and traditions may become lost in the shadows of
modernization.
（7）在贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。 （定语从句）
There are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in poverty-stricken
areas.
然而根据最新统计，在农村的贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。
Yet according to recent statistics, there are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped
out of school in poverty-stricken areas of the countryside.
（8）人生就像跑步的过程一样。 （人生哲理）
Life is like the process of running.
人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。
One should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

毫无疑问，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝
不停止进步。
Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which
one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.
（9）成群的游客涌入很多景点。 （环境保护）
A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors.
成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。
A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating
and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.
从漫画中，我们可以得出结论，画家想要表达下述信息：成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造
并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good
many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and
leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.

2）状语从句：
（1）原因状语从句：because, in that, since, as, for
A. 人们选择慢跑作为锻炼。 （健康）
People choose jogging as their exercises.
人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼
People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as
their regular exercises.
人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼，这是因为这些运动
总是使我们更强壮和精力充沛。
People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as
their regular exercises because these exercises never fail to make us stronger and more energetic.
B. 我保持均衡饮食。 （健康）
I keep a balanced diet.
我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前上床睡觉.
I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night.
我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前上床睡觉，因为我相信熬夜对身体有害。
I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night, because I believe burning the
midnight oil is harmful to health.
C. 饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）
Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.
大学生应该重视养成良好的习惯。
University students should put emphasis on good habits.
因为均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的，大学生应该充分重视养成良好
的习惯。
Since both a balanced diet and sufficient sleep are indispensable for physical fitness, university
students should put great emphasis on good habits.
D. 落后地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。 （社会公德）
Poor children in backward areas are likely to become drop-outs.
由于无法承担学费，落后和不发达地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

Poor children in backward and underdeveloped areas are likely to become drop-outs because
they cannot afford the tuition.
E. 中国不可能在教育方面投入巨资。 （教育）
China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them.
此外，由于中国是一个发展中国家，不可能在教育方面投入巨资。
Moreover, China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them since it
is a developing country.
F. 任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。 （环境保护）
Tourism could not be banned in any country.
旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。
Tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy.
毫无疑问，由于在其他收入很少的地区，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无
法禁止旅游业。
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the
economy in places which offer few sources of income.

（2）条件状语从句：if, unless, once

A. 人们发现他们已经被惯坏了。 （条件状语从句）
They are found too spoiled.
人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。
They are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.
一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并接受来自现实世界的挑战，人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困
难面前无法足够坚强。
Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges
from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the
face of difficulties.
B. 这种痴迷将浪费我们的金钱和时间。（流行文化）
The obsession will waste us time and money.
这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。
The obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time
and money, endangering the efficiency of our work.
如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴
迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。
If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyle or
pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly
waste us a great deal of time and money, endangering the
efficiency of our work.
C. 我们就会过一种积极的生活。 （流行文化）
We will lead a positive life.
如果我们努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。
We will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves.
相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收
获显著的生活。
On the contrary, we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

bridging the gap between our models and us.

D. 他很难保持过去的荣誉。 （人生哲理）
He can hardly maintain his past glory.
一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉。
Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory.
一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉，在这个竞争世界中生活下去。
Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this
competitive world.
E. 我们仍须为了成功而继续奋斗。 （人生哲理）
We still have to strive for success.
我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。
We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.
如果我们通过了考试，就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未来的学
业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。
If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate
courses, we still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.
（3）让步状语从句：
although=though, no matter what=whatever
A. 全国人民尽他们所能捐献去帮助那些同胞们。（社会公德）
People all over the country donate whatever they can to help their fellow citizens.
全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞
们。
People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or
goods——to help their needy fellow citizens.
尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫
不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受
难的同胞们。
Although their incomes are still low by international
standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to
donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to
help their needy fellow citizens.

3）名词性从句：
（1）宾语从句：that
尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫
不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受
难的同胞们。
Although their incomes are still low by international
standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to
donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to
help their needy fellow citizens.

3）名词性从句：
（1）宾语从句：that
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

（2）同位语从句：that. 神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民。
People from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture.
一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。
A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally.
神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实，显示了在某种程度上，一种文化可以被国际性
地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。
The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture
indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared
internationally.

补充：同位语：
这朵鲜花和我们的年轻人联系起来。 （两代关系）
The flower is associated with young people.
这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来。
The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people.
这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来，具体而言，就是我们当代
社会的独生子女。
The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in
our current society.
偶像崇拜其实是把双刃剑。 （流行文化）
Idolatry is a double-edged sword.
偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑。
Idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword.
因此，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深
刻影响青年人成长。
Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword which can
exert profound influence on the growth of young people.

（3）主语从句：that, how, what

唐静老师很英俊是众所周知的。
That JJ is smart is well-known.
张三丰如何习武很神奇。
How Zhang Sanfeng practices martial arts is mysterious.

（4）表语从句：that
他们没能理解的是尊老是中国文化的传统美德。
What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of Chinese
culture.

3、非谓语动词：
1）动名词：do+ing, 动词/名词，主语/宾语
（1）选择是在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。 （教育）
The choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’
s own business.
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

对于大多数学生而言，选择都在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。
For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate
studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business.
（2）保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧。 （人生哲理）
Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom.
保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧，因此是个人性格培养过程中
的重要组成部分。
Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, and is a crucial aspect of any individual’
s development of character.
总之，保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧、博爱和自信，因此是
个人性格和能力的培养过程中不可缺少的重要组成部分。
In conclusion, keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, humanity and self-
confidence, and is a crucial and unavoidable aspect of any individual’s development of
character and competence.

2）不定式：to+动词原形
（1）我们需要保持乐观的心态。 （人生哲理）
We need to maintain an optimistic mentality.
在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦。
In adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain.
尤其在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦悲伤、迂回曲折。
Especially in adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain and
sorrow, twists and turns.
（2）他们的目的是欺骗公众。 （职业道德）
Their intention is to deceive the public.
他们目的是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。
Their intention is to put on civilized outer clothing to please
or deceive the public.
事实上，他们做这种承诺的目的只是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗
公众。
As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized
outer clothing to please or deceive the public.
3、分词：现在分词/过去分词，do+ing/do+ed

1）学生应该考虑很多因素。 （教育）
Students should consider a variety of factors.
在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素。
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors.
在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素，包括个人偏好、经济状况及职业计划。
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including their personal
preferences, financial status and career plans.

2）竞争变得日益激烈。 （人生哲理）
Competition goes increasingly fierce.
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈。
Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life.
由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励每个人追求一个又一个的目
标。
Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life,
stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.

3）旅游业是经济发展的引擎。 （环境保护）
Tourism serves as an engine of economic growth.
有些人似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。
Some people seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.
有些人认为旅游业是经济发展的引擎，似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。
Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth,
seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.

英文句子结构：
介词短语，
不定式短语，
现在分词短语，
过去分词短语，
状语，主语+定语+谓语+宾语+定语+状语。

4、独立主格结构：
时间允许的话，明天我就去青城山。
Time permitting, I will go to Mount Qingcheng tomorrow.
（三）写信息量大的句子：
姓名：唐静，年龄：25，出生地：重庆，
大学：四川外国语大学，专业：英语，爱好：读书
Born in Chongqing, Tang Jing, a 25-year-old man who is an outstanding student from Sichuan
International Studies University majoring in English, loves reading.

1）我们可以在公交车上把座位让给老年人。（社会公德）
We may give up our seats on the bus to the elderly.
我们可以父母退休之后邀请他们和我们同住。
We may invite our parents to live with us while they retire.
例如，我们可以在公交车上把座位让给老年人，父母退休之后邀请他们和我们同住，并且
聆听他们有关生活和工作的建议。
It can be exemplified by giving up our seats on the bus to the elderly, by
inviting our parents to live with us while they retire, and listening to their
advice about life and work.

2）管理部门保证履行职责。 （职业道德）
Administration departments assure to perform their tasks.
管理部门保证公正有效地履行指责。
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly.

管理部门保证不接受任何贿赂，公正有效地履行指责。
Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking
any bribes.

3）大学生有可能做出最优的选择。 （教育）
Students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice.
大学生综合考虑个人偏好、经济状况及职业目标，就更有可能做出最优的选择。
With due consideration of personal preferences, financial status and career goals, students can
improve their chances of making an optimal choice.

4）文化融合应鼓励和保持。 （中西文化）
Cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained.
画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合应鼓励和保持。
The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us cultural blending should be encouraged and
maintained.
画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应鼓励和保持。
The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a
rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained.

5）人们拥有生理或心理问题。 （健康）
People suffer either physical or mental problems.
越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理问题。
People in mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems.
随着都市生活节奏的加快和压力的不断增加，越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理
问题。
With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing pressure, people in mounting
numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems.

（四）考研写作四大优秀句型：
1、强调句：
只有长期学习才有助于我们掌握大的词汇量。
It is persistent work that is conducive to grasping a considerable vocabulary.
2、倒装句：
1）年轻人能够培养个性和能力。 （人生哲理）
Young people can cultivate personality and ability.
只有经历更多的挑战和磨练，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力。
Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young
people cultivate strong personality and ability.
只有经历更多的挑战和磨练，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力，而且只有这样他们
才能成为这个竞争世界的强者。
Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young
people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way
can they become winners in this competitive world.
 新东方在线—写作基础 PPT 讲义

2）我们必须重视建立一个公共教育体系。 （社会公德）
We must lay emphasis on the significance of establishing a public education system.
更重要的是，只有更加重视建立一个有更多资助的公共教育体系，我们才能确保实现中国
所有孩子们的希望。
More importantly, only by laying greater emphasis on the significance of establishing a better
funded public education system can we guarantee the realization of the hopes of all the children
in China.

3、虚拟语气：
早就该提高人们的意识了。 （环境保护）
It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness.
我们早就该提高人们的意识来改进这个现状了。
It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify this.
通过考虑环境保护因素，我们早就该提高人们的意识来改进这个现状了。
It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify this by taking the environmental
protection into consideration.

4、平行排比：文化融合的将来会更明朗。 （中西文化）
The future of cultural blending looks brighter.
由于商业努力、政府支持和海外兴趣，文化融合的将来会更明朗。
As a consequence of commercialization efforts, government support and interests overseas, the
future of cultural blending looks brighter
由于成功的商业努力、政府坚定不移的支持和不断增长的海外兴趣，文化融合的将来会比
过去任何时候更明朗、更安全。
As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government support and
growing interests overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter and more secure than
ever before.

（五）扩充简单句：我们在唱歌。
We, students from New Oriental School, the best training school in Beijing, which is the capital of
China, the great country in the world, are singing a pop song named Nideyangzi sung by Luo
Dayou, who is the favorite singer of Wang Jiangtao, after we played Majiang the whole night. (50
words)