Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Kyle Nierra
Niehjell Aberte
Almeria Biliran
Research Adviser
The use of trees on making charcoals has been a major factor that contributes to the
climate change in developing countries especially Philippines. Thousands of tons of trees have been
cut and that trend is still going to result in deforestation due to its production.
Fruit peelings can save the country from becoming dry for there are other benefits a
part from becoming waste materials. Dried peels can be used as another source of making charcoal
without causing much hazard towards the environment. With this trees will be saved from less as
In this study, the feasibility of dried peels as a source of making charcoal was tested.
This includes the processes of sun-drying the fruit peelings until it dried and then burned to ash. The
ash from the peelings was mixed with clay soil to bound.
There are three set-ups held in the experiment: 1st set-up having banana peelings
bound with clay soil, 2nd set-up having mango peelings bound with clay soil, and 3rd set-up having
calamansi peelings bound with clay soil .The mixture were then molded to become briquettes and
fully dried.
After the mixture briquettes were set in flame, all of them have efficacy to ignite like
common charcoal. Therefore, dried fruit peelings can be used as alternative charcoal.
Background of the study
The study is conducted to strive for a better sustainable society, considering the
limitation of global threats in the environment. By using fruit peelings as alternative sources of char
coal, the production of charcoal by using trees which is time consuming and not environment friendly
This study is all about the feasibility of dried fruit peeling as alternative sources of
charcoal. The difference between the ordinary charcoal from trees to the charcoal made from dried
fruit peelings is that ordinary charcoal have bad effects to the environment while charcoal from fruit
This study on utilizing dried peelings as charcoal can lessen the harmful effects in our
society. Since we have this alternative charcoal we don’t need to buy this charcoal made from trees.
Through this alternative charcoal we can lessen the bad effects on the environment.
This study is focused on utilizing the dried peels as charcoal. The reasearcher started
this study on November 22, 2018 including all laboratory works at Almeria National High School.
Methodology
To fulfill this experiment, we prepared the fruit peelings, and the binders (clay soil).
The fruit peelings from banana, mango and calamansi are collected, cut into tiny pieces, then
measured ½ cup to be used in every set-ups.There are three setups planned in this experiment:1st
setup has ½ cup mixture of fruit peelings and ¼ cup of clay soil; 2nd setup has ½ cup mixture of fruit
Each of the mixtures were then mashed in the mortar and pestle one by each setup.
When the mixtures in each setups were thick enough,we molded them into shapes using our hands.
Yearly, huge amounts of agricultural residues and forest waste are produced. But
these are either wasted or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. Faulty use of
these biodegradable wastes may cause certain pollutions in the atmosphere. Fortunately, these can
Charcoal briquettes could be used as an alternative energy source for household use.
These are made from a combination of organic materials such as grass, leaves, saw dust, rice
husk or any type of paper. These materials are then compressed in a fuel briquette press. The fuel
fossil fuels, the briquettes are easier to produce because it is a renewable source of energy.
(Shrestha n.d.)
expensive cost of kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity. The briquettes are mostly
composed of organic waste and other materials that are biodegradable, and are commonly used
as heat and cooking fuel. The composition of the briquettes may vary due to the availability of
the raw materials in an area. These materials are compressed and made into briquettes. The
briquettes are different from charcoal because they do not possess large concentrations of
carbonaceous substances. In comparison to fossil fuels, the briquettes produce low net total
greenhouse gas emissions because the materials used are already a part of the carbon cycle.
2011) Wood is has been an important source of fuel for mankind throughout the ages. From the
earliest times, mankind has added coal to his fuel resources, and much later, gases manufactured
from coal and mineral oils. The common fuels differ much in the heat which they give out when
burned. While many factors are concerned in the value of a fuel, the chief one is its heat of
combustion, or calorific value. The calorific value of a solid or liquid fuel is the heat given off in the
combustion of one gram of the fuel. (McPherson, 1942) The choice good fuel should not be
expensive, and it should kindle readily and should have a respectable amount of heat content. There
must be little or no ash, and no waste products that would become a nuisance. Few if any fuels meet
all these conditions. Local conditions and personal taste influence the consumer in his choice of
fuel. (Dull, 1958) Using wood and crop residues as an energy source will reduce consumption of
fossil fuels, and in the process, reduces the emission of greenhouse gases to the environment. In
other countries, the interest in pellet burners is starting to increase. Biomass may be utilized as
energy carriers (charcoal, oil, or gas). Combustion is the most developed and most frequently
applied process used for solid biomass fuels because of its low costs and high reliability (Gravalos,
2010). Briquettes have various uses from household to industrial. With the increasing prices of fuel,
practical consumers are finding cheaper alternative sources of heat that may be usable for cooking,
heating water and productive processes, firing ceramics, fuel for gasifiers to generated electricity
and for powering boilers to generate steam. Briquettes are most commonly produced using briquette
presses, but when it is not available, briquettes may also be mold by hand. However, using briquette
presses add value to the product and can increase the amount of briquettes produced in a day.
(Grover 1996) One of the most important characteristics of a fuel is its calorific value, that is the
amount of energy per kg it gives off when burnt. The calorific value can thus be used to calculate
the competitiveness of a processed fuel in a given market situation. There is a range of other factors,
such as ease of handling, burning characteristics etc., which also influence the market value, but
calorific value is probably the most important factor and should be recognized when selecting the
raw material input. (Lehra Fuel Tech Pvt. Ltd., 2012) Charcoal is a material totally lacking plasticity
and hence needs addition of a sticking or agglomerating material to enable a briquette to be formed.
The binder should preferably be combustible, though a non-combustible binder effective at low
Alternative Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis:
Problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamansi_(fruit)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briquette
http://mallimbo.wordpress.com/2009/05/18/banana-peels-an-alternative-way-of-
making-charcoal/
Definition of terms